Perception of quantity and quality of sleep and their association with health related quality of life and life satisfaction during adolescence

Copyright: © 2017 Matos MG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Objectives: This study aims to analyse differences between sleep duration and sleep quality and their association with health related quality of life and life satisfaction during adolescence. Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey is based on a self-completed questionnaire. The participants in the present study were 3631 students (53.1% were girls) in the 8th and 10th grades at school; the mean age was 14.8 years (range 13-18). Results: The present results add to previous ones that both the duration and the perceived quality of sleep have impact upon the perception of quality of life and the perception of life satisfaction. Conclusions: These results are substantially important for sleep hygiene and for recommendations for adolescents, parents, health and education professionals and public policies. It is now widely recommended that adolescents must sleep at least 8 hours per night, what this study allow to recommend is that the perception of quality of that sleep is equally important, and this leads to another set of recommendations to increase sleep quality, that include not exercising or practising sports in the evenings, avoiding conflicts at home in the evenings, no going to bed worried, no having caffeine and other energetic drinks in the evening, not abusing screen time after dinner or in bed. These recommendations are important to assure sleep duration and perceived quality and therefore the perception of wellness and life satisfaction, having an additional impact on health and on school achievement.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Positive youth development : interactions between healthy lifestyle behaviours and psychosocial variables

Copyright © 2006 - 2018 The Canadian Center of Science and Education. All Rights Reserved .Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The Positive Youth Development - PYD concept emphasised the importance of strengthening developmental assets in youth’s networks and contexts. This paper examines the correlation between PYD, healthy lifestyle behaviours and psychosocial variables (self-regulation, resilience, and anxiety); and the impact of PYD and psychosocial variables on healthy lifestyle behaviours. 2700 youths (73.3% girls; mean age 21.3±2.79 years) were included. Results showed that all variables mostly had significantly correlational associations. Specifically, the linear regression model evidenced that the promotion of PYD and self-regulation, along with the reduction of anxiety can be relevant for improving healthy lifestyle behaviours. Such results suggest a dynamic interdependence between all the present variables, reinforcing the need to study positive indicators for youth development. Having more knowledge in this area can help health professionals, educators, and policy-makers, in order to better plan interventions/policies and to improve an integral healthy perspective for youths, based on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary work.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estilo de vida saudável dos adolescentes

© 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Objective: Using a wide and representative sample of adolescents from 37 countries, this study aimed to analyze how age changes adolescents’ healthy lifestyle. Methods: The study included 148,839 adolescents who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2010 survey. A composite score of a healthy lifestyle was created using the combination of daily physical activity, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, <2 h daily on screen-based behaviors, abstinence from alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco products. Healthy lifestyle measures were based on self-report. Results: 4.7% of boys and 4.4% of girls aged 11 years, 3% of boys and 2% of girls aged 13 years, and 1.5% of boys and 0.8% of girls aged 15 scored perfectly on the healthy lifestyle score. As age increased, the prevalence of adolescents with a healthy lifestyle decreased. In 37 countries and regions, the prevalence of healthy behaviors decreased linearly between early adolescence and the age of 15 years. Conclusions: In general, adolescents do not have a healthy lifestyle. Results from this study highlight that there is still much work to be done in promoting healthy lifestyles and to raise awareness among adolescents of the potential risk to their health status.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm birth: review of 13 cases

O parto pré-termo é o principal responsável pela morbilidade e mortalidade perinatal em países industrializados. Entre as diferentes causas, destaca-se um conjunto de situações caracterizado pela dilatação indolor do colo uterino com prolapso das membranas no canal cervical (funnelling), que ocorre mais frequentemente durante o segundo trimestre da gestação, dando origem a abortos tardios ou partos pré-termo muito precoces e, consequentemente, situações clínicas com um prognóstico perinatal muito reservado

Associating polymer-surfactant systems

Some recent illustrations of the phase behavior of polymer-amphiphile systems in solution are presented. Surfactant-polymer association is demonstrated for various amphiphilic synthetic and biological polymers both on a macroscopic and on a single molecular level

Do clinical and psychosocial factors affect health-related quality of life in adolescents with chronic diseases?

Copyright © 2006 - 2018 The Canadian Center of Science and Education. All Rights Reserved. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Living with a chronic disease in adolescence can have an impact on the perception of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Facing the increasing relevance of psychosocial dimensions and also considering the interaction with clinical variables, this study aimed to measure the impact of clinical and psychosocial factors (separated and combined) on adolescent’s reported HRQoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a clinical population of 135 adolescents with chronic diseases (n=70 boys), average age: 14±1.5 years old. Through a self-reported questionnaire, HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), socio-demographic, clinical variables (diagnostic; time of diagnosis; self-perceived pain; disease severity proxy; disease-related medication intake/use of special equipment), and psychosocial variables (psychosomatic health; resilience; self-regulation; social support) were assessed. Separately, clinical and psychosocial variables showed a significant impact in HRQoL, 27.9% and 62.4%, respectively. Once combined, the previously identified variables had a significant impact (64.2%), but a different contribution from clinical and psychosocial variables was revealed: when first entering the clinical variables (model 1) the variance only reaches 30%, and much more from psychosocial variables seems to explain the total (64.2%); inversely, when first integrating psychosocial variables (model 2), the clinical ones added a small significance to the model (0.6%). The present study underlined the association of clinical (“disease-related”) and psychosocial (“non-disease-related”) factors on HRQoL. Furthermore, it reinforced the need to focus more on psychosocial dimensions, highlighted the potential role of psychosomatic health, resilience, self-regulation and social support. It can be suggested that the identification of impaired psychosocial domains may help professionals to better plan, and achieve effective interventions of psychosocial care.Santos, T. was supported by a PhD grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (Grant Number: reference SFRH/BD/82066/2011). The William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário is supported by a grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (Grant Number: UID/PSI/04810/2013). The present study is grateful to all youngsters and parents who participated in this project, also to the health care professionals who collaborated, as well as to the Pediatrics Department of Hospital Santa Maria, CAML (Lisbon Academic Medical Center) for their assistance in this investigation. The authors are also grateful to Prof. Paula Ravasco, MD, PhD (University Hospital of Santa Maria, Portugal) for her assistance in proof-reading and revising the document.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Endobronchial Ultrasound under Moderate Sedation versus General Anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Different anesthetic protocols may influence endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) outcomes, patient comfort, and even safety. In this study, two anesthesia techniques were assessed and compared for EBUS-TBNA. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter study was carried out. Patients were allocated to Group 1 (general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade and controlled ventilation) and Group 2 (intravenous sedation). EBUS-TBNA accuracy was the primary outcome. Safety, patient comfort and satisfaction, and operators' difficulties were defined as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 115 patients enrolled (Group 1 = 59, Group 2 = 56), EBUS-TBNA was performed for hilar or mediastinal lesion diagnosis and lung cancer staging in, respectively, 77 (67%) and 38 (33%) patients. The numbers of lymph nodes stations (1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 1.7 ± 1.0, p = 0.472) and punctures per station (6.9 ± 3.1 vs. 6.0 ± 2.5, p = 0.084) were similar between groups. Adequate samples were obtained from 109 patients (97.3%) with similar diagnostic accuracy. Procedure duration was not significantly different (p = 0.348). Hemodynamic parameters and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in Group 1 at the beginning and at the end of the procedure. Adverse events were equally distributed, and no significant differences were found regarding patient satisfaction and bronchoscopist/anesthesiologist difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: The type of anesthesia used did not influence EBUS-TBNA outcomes. EBUS-TBNA performed under sedation or general anesthesia did not affect the diagnostic yield, complication rate, and patients' comfort and satisfaction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sleep and sex sleep in adolescence : sex matters?

© 2019 All rights reservedObjective: Sleep is of upmost importance for everybody and especially for adolescents who face life and leisure challenges that may impair their sleep. This study aimed to verify if girls are at a higher risk to present sleep problems and if associations of a sleep perception are different between sexes even when accounting for biological maturation. Methods: Data is from the HBSC Portuguese survey 2014, all variables were self-reported. Participants were 3869 adolescents (2057 girls), mean age 14.8 years. Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics included sex, age, school grade, father and mother education; besides participants were inquired about sleep duration and characteristics of their sleep quality. Results: Sleep deprivation was reported by 13.1% of the adolescents (girls 14.3%, boys 11.7%, p<0.05). The most prevalent characteristics of poor sleep quality were waking up tired (50.8%) and difficulties falling asleep (19.5%), for both girls presented higher prevalence than boys. Overall, girls presented a poorer sleep health with low quality and quantity of sleep. Furthermore, associations of an enough and good sleep were different between boys and girls, even when controlling for the impact of delayed pubertal maturity. Discussion: Together with screen time, substance use, poorer nutrition, sedentary behaviours and abuse of screen time, sleep is an issue that must be addressed by professionals, families and public policies with impact in family life and family routines. Modelling a health education in schools should include the sleep topic. In addition, yes, sex matters and must be included on board.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

From Re-Emergence to Hyperendemicity: The Natural History of the Dengue Epidemic in Brazil

The spread of dengue virus is a major public health problem. Though the burden of dengue has historically been concentrated in Southeast Asian countries, Brazil has become the country that reports the largest number of cases in the world. While prior to 2007 the disease affected mostly adults, during the 2007 epidemic the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases more than doubled, and over 53% of cases were in children under 15 years of age. In this paper, we propose that the conditions for the shift were being set gradually since the re-introduction of dengue in 1986 and that they represent the transition from re-emergence to hyperendemicity. Using data from an age stratified seroprevalence study conducted in Recife, we estimated the force of infection (a measure of transmission intensity) between 1986–2006 and used these estimates to simulate the accumulation of immunity since the re-emergence. As the length of time that dengue has circulated increases, adults have a lower probability of remaining susceptible to primary or secondary infection and thus, cases become on average younger. If in fact the shift represents the transition from re-emergence to hyperendemicity, similar shifts are likely to be observed in the rest of Brazil, the American continent and other regions where transmission emerges

Psychosocial profile in portuguese adolescents with chronic disease attending an outpatient department in a hospital setting

Living with a chronic disease (CD) in adolescence involves new multifaceted challenges. This study aims to conduct a psychosocial characterization of a group of adolescents with chronic diseases in a hospital setting and to compare such dimensions for the total group and for different diseases. A cross-sectional study included 135 adolescents with chronic diseases (51.9% boys; 48.1% girls), having an average age of 14±1.5 years (SD=1.5) and attending a paediatric outpatient department in a hospital setting. Statistically significant differences were found among the different chronic diseases for the variables self-regulation (adolescents with diabetes had significantly higher competencies) and multiple psychosomatic symptoms (adolescents with neurologic diseases reported significantly more complaints). Boys presented both better health-related quality of life and psychosomatic health when compared to girls. No statistically significant differences were observed for health-related quality of life, psychosomatic health, resilience, and social support. These findings bring important suggestions especially while planning interventions, which must take into account the promotion of a healthy psychosocial development, through an inclusive perspective (covering different chronic diseases), that take into consideration specific and gendered approaches. Such suggestions might help healthcare professionals to better plan interventions in order to increase their effectiveness.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio