CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN FINANCIEROS APLICADOS EN EL SECTOR BANCARIO PERUANO A PARTIR DE LAS TASAS DE INTERÉS

En el presente artículo se muestra un análisis acerca de las tasas de interés activas en moneda nacional en el sector bancario peruano para las medianas y pequeñas empresas, porque este tipo de tasa es muy importante para que los empresarios al momento de adquirir un crédito bancario en las entidades financieras de Piura, sepan cuál de ellas les oferta un crédito con interés menos oneroso, teniendo en cuenta que la tasa de interés activa en el sistema bancario, es la lucro que el banco u otra entidad financiera obtiene por el crédito dinerario -u otros productos-que otorga a sus usuarios; para ello, se empleó la investigación cuantitativa, utilizando la entrevista a los empresarios de las pequeñas y medianas empresas – MYPES- que adquirieron crédito bancario. La población estuvo conformada por todas las entidades bancarias de la ciudad de Miguel Grau Seminario. (Tamayo, 1997, la población es estudiada porque todos sus elementos tienen por lo menos una característica común observable en un lugar y en un momento determinado, que se relaciona con el fenómeno objeto de estudios, lo que conlleva al origen de la obtención de los datos de la investigación); en tanto que la muestra estuvo constituida por las entidades bancarias del sector privado que operen sólo en la ciudad de Piura; que tienen como característica común el haber adquirido - alguna vez-, crédito bancario

The SKA and "High-Resolution" Science

"High-resolution", or "long-baseline", science with the SKA and its precursors covers a broad range of topics in astrophysics. In several research areas, the coupling between improved brightness sensitivity of the SKA and a sub-arcsecond resolution would uncover truly unique avenues and opportunities for studying extreme states of matter, vicinity of compact relativistic objects, and complex processes in astrophysical plasmas. At the same time, long baselines would secure excellent positional and astrometric measurements with the SKA and critically enhance SKA image fidelity at all scales. The latter aspect may also have a substantial impact on the survey speed of the SKA, thus affecting several key science projects of the instrument.Comment: JENAM-2010: Invited talk at JENAM session S7: The Square Kilometre Array: Paving the way for the new 21st century radio astronomy paradigm; 9 page

Environmentally friendly analysis of emerging contaminants by pressurized hot water extraction-stir bar sorptive extraction-derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This work describes the development, optimiza- tion, and validation of a new method for the simultaneous determination of a wide range of pharmaceuticals (beta- blockers, lipid regulators ... ) and personal care products (fragrances, UV filters, phthalates ... ) in both aqueous and solid environmental matrices. Target compounds were extracted from sediments using pressurized hot water ex- traction followed by stir bar sorptive extraction. The first stage was performed at 1,500 psi during three static extrac- tion cycles of 5 min each after optimizing the extraction temperature (50 – 150 °C) and addition of organic modifiers (% methanol) to water, the extraction solvent. Next, aqueous extracts and water samples were processed using polydime- thylsiloxane bars. Several parameters were optimized for this technique, including extraction and desorption time, ionic strength, presence of organic modifiers, and pH. Fi- nally, analytes were extracted from the bars by ultrasonic irradiation using a reduced amount of solvent (0.2 mL) prior to derivatization and gas chromatography – mass spectrome- try analysis. The optimized protocol uses minimal amounts of organic solvents (<10 mL/sample) and time ( ≈ 8 h/sam- ple) compared to previous ex isting methodologies. Low standard deviation (usually below 10 %) and limits of de- tection (sub-ppb) vouch for the applicability of the method- ology for the analysis of target compounds at trace levels. Once developed, the method was applied to determin

Persistent topology for natural data analysis - A survey

Natural data offer a hard challenge to data analysis. One set of tools is being developed by several teams to face this difficult task: Persistent topology. After a brief introduction to this theory, some applications to the analysis and classification of cells, lesions, music pieces, gait, oil and gas reservoirs, cyclones, galaxies, bones, brain connections, languages, handwritten and gestured letters are shown

Liderazgo directivo y la calidad educativa en la institución educativa Jose Antonio Encinas UGEL 15

The degree of relationship between the styles of management leadership and quality of education in the Educational Institution José Antonio Encinas UGEL 15 – Huarochirí 2019.is what sets this investigation. In terms of methodology is the descriptive method and descriptive correlational design. As data collection technique and an instrument survey questionnaire with Likert responses we were used; applied to a representative sample of 132 teachers from the institution. Previously before being applied to the whole sample content validity was performed by expert judgment and reliability of the instrument through a pilot with the statistical technique Cronbach's alpha, the result shows indicates a very high reliability, which means the instrument should be applied to the entire sample, to present a favorable internal consistency and thus demonstrating its validity and reliability. Exploring the styles of management leadership consisted of three basic dimensions: Interpersonal, political and administrative. hypothesis testing with Pearson chi-square statistic was evaluated; obtaining values (P-values) lower than 0.05 (significance level), which indicated reject the null hypotheses and accept the alternative, the end result proves the existence of significant relationships between the two variables of study.El grado de relación existente entre los estilos de liderazgo directivo y calidad educativa en la Institución Educativa José Antonio Encinas UGEL 15 – Huarochirí- 2019.es lo que la presente investigación establece. En cuanto a la metodología es el método y el diseño descriptivos correlacional. Como técnica de colecta de datos se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario con respuestas tipo Likert; aplicado a una muestra representativa de 132 docentes de la Institución. Previamente se realizó la validez de contenido mediante juicio de expertos y la confiabilidad del instrumento mediante una muestra piloto con la técnica estadística Alfa de Cronbach, cuyo resultado nos indica una confiabilidad muy alta, lo que significa que el instrumento debe ser aplicado a toda la muestra, por presentar una consistencia interna favorable y demostrándose así su validez y confiabilidad. La exploración de los estilos de liderazgo directivo constó de tres dimensiones básicas: Interpersonal, político y administrativo. Se evaluó el contraste de hipótesis con el estadístico chi cuadrado de Pearson; obteniendo valores (P-values) menores a 0,05 (nivel de significancia), lo cual indicó rechazar las hipótesis nulas y aceptar las alternas, cuyo resultado final prueba la existencia de relaciones significativas entre ambas variables de estudio

The influence of the accessory genome on bacterial pathogen evolution

Bacterial pathogens exhibit significant variation in their genomic content of virulence factors. This reflects the abundance of strategies pathogens evolved to infect host organisms by suppressing host immunity. Molecular arms-races have been a strong driving force for the evolution of pathogenicity, with pathogens often encoding overlapping or redundant functions, such as type III protein secretion effectors and hosts encoding ever more sophisticated immune systems. The pathogens’ frequent exposure to other microbes, either in their host or in the environment, provides opportunities for the acquisition or interchange of mobile genetic elements. These DNA elements accessorise the core genome and can play major roles in shaping genome structure and altering the complement of virulence factors. Here, we review the different mobile genetic elements focusing on the more recent discoveries and highlighting their role in shaping bacterial pathogen evolution

Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma fermentans has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, it was detected in the joints and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not clear yet how the bacteria enter the body and reach the joints. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of M. fermentans to induce experimental arthritis in rabbits following inoculation of the bacteria in the trachea and knee joints. METHODS: P-140 and PG-18 strains were each injected in the knee joints of 14 rabbits in order to evaluate and compare their arthritogenicity. P-140 was also injected in the trachea of 14 rabbits in order to test the ability of the bacteria to reach the joints and induce arthritis. RESULTS: M. fermentans produced an acute arthritis in rabbits. Joint swelling appeared first in rabbits injected with P-140, which caused a more severe arthritis than PG-18. Both strains were able to migrate to the uninoculated knee joints and they were detected viable in the joints all along the duration of the experiment. Changes in the synovial tissue were more severe by the end of the experiment and characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils and substitution of adipose tissue by connective tissue. Rabbits intracheally injected with P-140 showed induced arthritis and the bacteria could be isolated from lungs, blood, heart, kidney, spleen, brain and joints. CONCLUSION: M. fermentans induced arthritis regardless of the inoculation route. These findings may help explain why mycoplasmas are commonly isolated from the joints of rheumatic patients

The APPswe/PS1A246E mutations in an astrocytic cell line leads to increased vulnerability to oxygen and glucose deprivation, Ca2+ dysregulation and mitochondrial abnormalities

Growing evidence suggests a close relationship between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cerebral hypoxia. Astrocytes play a key role in brain homeostasis and disease states, while some of the earliest changes in AD occur in astrocytes. We have therefore asked whether mutations associated with AD increase astrocyte vulnerability to ischemia. Two astroglioma cell lines derived from APPSWE /PS1A246E (APP, amyloid precursor protein; PS1, presenilin 1) transgenic mice and controls from normal mice were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of ischemia. Cell death was increased in the APPSWE /PS1A246E line compared to the control. Increasing extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]) exacerbated cell death in the mutant but not in the control cells. In order to explore cellular Ca2+ homeostasis the cells were challenged with ATP or thapsigargin and [Ca2+ ] was measured by fluorescence microscopy. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]c ) were potentiated in the APPSWE /PS1A246E transgenic line. Mitochondrial function was also altered in the APPSWE /PS1A246E astroglioma cells; mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species were increased while mitochondrial basal respiratory rate and ATP production were decreased compared to control astroglioma cells. These results suggest that AD mutations in astrocytes make them more sensitive to ischemia; Ca2+ dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to this increased vulnerability. Our results also highlight the role of astrocyte dyshomeostasis in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative brain disorders