Capteur polarimétrique à fibre optique (applications en vibrométrie et réfractométrie)

Nous présentons un capteur polarimétrique à fibre optique appliqué en vibrométrie et réfractométrie, basé sur le principe d'un interféromètre de Fabry-Pérot à cavité externe. Afin de connaître le sens de variation du mesurande (déplacement, vitesse, indice de réfraction optique), nous utilisons les propriétés de polarisation de la lumière pour créer et observer deux signaux distincts. Les mesures de vibration sont effectuées en introduisant une lame à retard dans la cavité. Ainsi par comparaison des deux signaux d'interférence déphasés, nous connaissons le sens de vibration de la cible. Pour une application en réfractométrie, nous nous servons d'un polariseur pour créer deux cavités Fabry-Pérot dont l'une sert de référence et l'autre de mesure. Les applications ont montré une sensibilité du vibromètre autour de 80 nm sur la reconstruction d'un déplacement et une sensibilité du réfractomètre de l'ordre de 10-6 sur la mesure de variation de l'indice de réfraction optique.We present a polarimetric optical fibre sensor applied to vibrometry and refractometry, based on an extrinsic Fabry-Perot cavity. In order to get the direction of the motion we use the polarization properties of the light to create and observe two distinct signals. Vibration measurements are performed by introducing a wave plate in the cavity. Thus the comparison of the two off-phased interference signals, allows us to determine the direction of target motion. In refractometry applications, we insert a polarizer in the Fabry-Perot cavity to create a dual cavity interferometer. The first is used as reference cavity and the second has measurement cavity. This work reports the experiments carried out to test and validate our various devices. In the case of the vibrometer, it is possible to obtain a sensitivity of 80 nm for displacement reconstruction and in the case of the refractometer, a sensitivity around 10-6 for the refractive index measurements is achieved.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Diagnostic « qualité » d’un biogaz en vue de sa valorisation

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Management of waste to energy plants: quantifying total silicon in biogas.

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Transcription impairment and cell migration defects in elongator-depleted cells: Implication for familial dysautonomia

Mutations in IKBKAP, encoding a subunit of Elongator, cause familial dysautonomia (FD), a severe neuro-developmental disease with complex clinical characteristics. Elongator was previously linked not only with transcriptional elongation and histone acetylation but also with other cellular processes. Here, we used RNA interference (RNAi) and fibroblasts from FD patients to identify Elongator target genes and study the role of Elongator in transcription. Strikingly, whereas Elongator is recruited to both target and nontarget genes, only target genes display histone H3 hypoacetylation and progressively lower RNAPII density through the coding region in FD cells. Interestingly, several target genes encode proteins implicated in cell motility. Indeed, characterization of IKAP/hELP1 RNAi cells, FD fibroblasts, and neuronal cell-derived cells uncovered defects in this cellular function upon Elongator depletion. These results indicate that defects in Elongator function affect transcriptional elongation of several genes and that the ensuing cell motility deficiencies may underlie the neuropathology of FD patients

The Arronax platform for proton flash irradiation: from beam production to the target

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FLASH Mechanisms Track (Oral Presentations) UHDR PROTON BEAM VS. CONVENTIONAL: HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AS FLASH EFFECT SENSOR

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FLASH Modalities Track (Oral Presentations) PROTON BEAM FLASH ONLINE MONITORING AT ARRONAX CYCLOTRON

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Baseline and post-treatment hepatitis C NS5A resistance in relapsed patients from a multicentric real-life cohort

International audienceBackground: Recent data have suggested that failure to achieve sustained virological response with direct-acting antiviral therapy is usually due to relapse and is primarily associated with the emergence of resistance-associated substitutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characterization of non-structural-5A resistance-associated substitutions in patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 3 and 4 treated by direct-acting antiviral therapy, including anti-non-structural-5A, and to characterize the pre-existing resistance-associated substitutions in subjects treated with anti-non-structural-5A inhibitors.Methods: From January 2014 to March 2016, 2,995 patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 3 and 4 were exposed to non-structural-5A inhibitors. Sequencing results at the time of virological failure were available for 61 patients; sequencing at baseline was available for 35 of these patients.Results: Among the 35 patients with sequencing results available at baseline, 15 had no resistance-associated substitution, 16 had only one resistance-associated substitution, and 4 had more than one resistance-associated substitution. Resistance-associated substitutions were harbored in 57% of the sequences in the non-structural-5A region. Among the 61 patients sequenced at virological failure, 50 (82%) patients presented at least one resistance-associated substitutions inducing a high level of resistance to non-structural-5A inhibitors (>10-fold resistance).Conclusions: This pooled analysis suggests that non-structural-5A resistance-associated substitutions screening should be recommended when considering retreatment with a non-structural-5A inhibitor regimen in patients who have previously experienced failed non-structural-5A treatment