Distribución y estado de conservación de los quirópteros en Aragón

In the period 2004-2006 a sampling of bats took place in Aragón. Traps were set in 47 forests and 67 potential shelters were inspected. Mist nets, harp traps, ultrasound detectors and video cameras were used. A total of 1197 specimens, belonging to 24 species, were captured; 529 records were obtained and the presence of at least 120 breeding colonies was identified (32 of them the common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, 110 records and 30 breeding colonies), Savi’s pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii, 63 records and 11 colonies) and Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii, 48 records and 13 colonies). Reproduction data have been found for all species except for Myotis capaccinii, Myotis cf. nattereri, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri and Eptesicus serotinus. The species found can be divided into four large groups: one of general and continuous distribution (P. pipistrellus, P. kuhlii, H. savii, E. serotinus and P. austriacus), another of general but discontinuous distribution (R. ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale, M. myotis, M. blythii, M. escalerae, M. emarginatus, M. daubentonii, P. pygmaeus, M. schreibersii and T. teniotis), a third of forest species, which were found only in some of the extensive wooded areas (Pyrenees, Moncayo and the south of Teruel: M. mystacinus, M. cf. nattereri, P. auritus, B. barbastellus, N. lasiopterus and N. leisleri) and finally two very rare species in the region (M. capaccinii and P. macrobullaris). The distribution of these species in Aragon is shown and their status in relation to data obtained and the bibliography is reviewed.En el período 2004-2006 se ha realizado un muestreo de los quirópteros de Aragón. Se ha trampeado en 47 bosques y se han inspeccionado 67 refugios potenciales. Para ello se han utilizado redes finas, trampas de arpa, detectores de ultrasonidos, focos y cámaras de grabación de vídeo. Se han capturado 1197 ejemplares pertenecientes a 24 especies. Además se han obtenido 529 citas y se ha identificado la presencia de al menos 120 colonias reproductoras (32 de ellas han sido localizadas). Las especies más frecuentes son fisurícolas y ubiquistas: el murciélago enano (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, 110 citas y 30 colonias de cría), el montañero (Hypsugo savii, 63 citas y 11 agrupaciones) y el de borde claro (Pipistrellus kuhlii, 48 citas y 13 colonias). Se han encontrado datos de reproducción para todas las especies identificadas salvo Myotis capaccinii, Myotis cf. nattereri, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri y Eptesicus serotinus. Las especies halladas se reparten según cuatro patrones: uno de distribución general y continua (P. pipistrellus, P. kuhlii, H. savii, E. serotinus y P. austriacus), otro de distribución general pero discontinua (R. ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale, M. myotis, M. blythii, M. escalerae, M. emarginatus, M. daubentonii, P. pygmaeus, M. schreibersii y T. teniotis), otro de especies forestales, presentes únicamente en algunas de las grandes manchas boscosas (Pirineos, Moncayo y sur de Teruel: M. mystacinus, M. cf. nattereri, P. auritus, B. barbastellus, N. lasiopterus y N. leisleri) y el último con dos especies de presencia muy restringida en la región (M. capaccinii y P. macrobullaris). Se muestra la distribución de estas especies en Aragón y se comenta su estado de conservación en función de los datos obtenidos en este trabajo y la bibliografí

ear real time estimation of magnitudes and moments for local seismic events

The general Popularity of magnitude as a convenient and robust measure of earthquake size makes it tempting to examine whether this parameter can be reliably estimated in near real time. In this study we dernonstrate that this is indeed the case conditioned on the design of the signal detector being of STA/LTA type where STA is a short term signal power or rms estimate. Using real data we dernonstrate the Random Vibration Theory relation that Amax (21nN) 1/2 Arms , is valid for non stationary seismic signals. Using Rayleigh's theorem we also estabmlaixshed a relation brmetween Arms and the flat portion of the source spectra. These Amax and Arms estimation procedures are used for determining conventional magnitudes and moment magnitudes for 29 events as recorded by the Norwegian Seismograph Network (NSN). We used here a procedure outlined by Sereno et al. (1988) and also their geometrical spreading and attenuation parameters derived from analysis of NORSAR recordings. Our magnitude and moment magnitude estimates for 5 different frequency bands are in good agreement with the ML estimates derived from the conventional magnitude formulas in combination with empirical correction tables. Surprisingly, the Amax and Arms magnitudes produced consistent negative biased by ca. 0.4 units estimates even in the extreme 4 8 Hz band. In view of the good agreement between various types of magnitude estimates, we constructed conventional magnitude correction tables spreading and attenuation parameters from Sereno et al (1988) for a variety of signal frequency bands. Near real time Amax ad/or Arms or correspondingly event magnitudes would be of significance in automatic phase association analysis, bulletin production for local and regional seismic networks and the earthquakes monitoring performances of such networks

ear real time estimation of magnitudes and moments for local seismic events

The general Popularity of magnitude as a convenient and robust measure of earthquake size makes it tempting to examine whether this parameter can be reliably estimated in near real time. In this study we dernonstrate that this is indeed the case conditioned on the design of the signal detector being of STA/LTA type where STA is a short term signal power or rms estimate. Using real data we dernonstrate the Random Vibration Theory relation that Amax (21nN) 1/2 Arms , is valid for non stationary seismic signals. Using Rayleigh's theorem we also estabmlaixshed a relation brmetween Arms and the flat portion of the source spectra. These Amax and Arms estimation procedures are used for determining conventional magnitudes and moment magnitudes for 29 events as recorded by the Norwegian Seismograph Network (NSN). We used here a procedure outlined by Sereno et al. (1988) and also their geometrical spreading and attenuation parameters derived from analysis of NORSAR recordings. Our magnitude and moment magnitude estimates for 5 different frequency bands are in good agreement with the ML estimates derived from the conventional magnitude formulas in combination with empirical correction tables. Surprisingly, the Amax and Arms magnitudes produced consistent negative biased by ca. 0.4 units estimates even in the extreme 4 8 Hz band. In view of the good agreement between various types of magnitude estimates, we constructed conventional magnitude correction tables spreading and attenuation parameters from Sereno et al (1988) for a variety of signal frequency bands. Near real time Amax ad/or Arms or correspondingly event magnitudes would be of significance in automatic phase association analysis, bulletin production for local and regional seismic networks and the earthquakes monitoring performances of such networks

Adapted Technology for Small-scale Manufacture of Caerphilly-Type Cheese from Cow's Milk in the Western Highlands Region of Cameroon

Caerphilly Cheese making procedure was modified to suit the conditions and kitchen environment of the average Cameroonian household. Cheese making trials were carried out for over a period of twelve months. Results show that the ripening time for milk increased from 45 minutes to 60 minutes; curd formation time from 45-60 minutes to 60 - 90 minutes, scalding temperatures, method of draining, salting, pressing and maturation temperature have been modified (Fig.1). The acid development pattern during cheese making was normal but with lower values than the standard ( 0.22, 0.14, 0.18, 0.21 for the standard and 0.15, 0.12, 0.14, 0.21 for the modified procedures respectively, from renneting to after cutting to whey removal and during texturing. The cheese yield is encouraging (1 16g-160g/litre of fresh milk) and its composition is good (fat 25.9%, dry matter 50.8% and moisture content 48%). The production of the cheese should be encouraged at the household level. The Journal of Food Technology in Africa Volume 5 Number 4 (October - December 2000), pp. 120-122 KEY WORDS: Adapted Technology, Caerphilly cheese, cow's milk, Cameroon

The Effects of pH and Heat Treatment Processing on the Stability of Natural Food Colours used in Dairy Products

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pH and heat treatment processing on stability and natural food colours used in dairy products. A repeated laboratory experiment was conducted in which loss of colour intensity or change in shade of natural food colours used in acid and nearly neutral dairy products at low and at boiling temperatures was investigated. Five (5) natural food colours out of the fourteen (14) in the study were applied to small-scale industrial processing of UHT milk drinks and laboratory-scale yoghurt making. All the fourteen natural food colours studied were stable to pH changes. Only one natural food colour (Beet root) was destroyed at boiling temperatures while two of the colours (Beet root and Cochineal) were destroyed at UHT (136ºC/4Seconds) processing. It was then concluded that pH changes and Heat Treatment processing do not contribute very much to the destruction of natural food colours used in dairy products. The Journal of Food Technology in Africa Volume 5 Number 2 (April - June 2000), pp. 59-61 KEY WORDS: pH, Heat, Stability, Food Colour

Genetic transformation in citrus

PubMedID: 23983635Citrus is one of the world's important fruit crops. Recently, citrus molecular genetics and biotechnology work have been accelerated in the world. Genetic transformation, a biotechnological tool, allows the release of improved cultivars with desirable characteristics in a shorter period of time and therefore may be useful in citrus breeding programs. Citrus transformation has now been achieved in a number of laboratories by various methods. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used mainly in citrus transformation studies. Particle bombardment, electroporation, A. rhizogenes, and a new method called RNA interference are used in citrus transformation studies in addition to A. tumefaciens. In this review, we illustrate how different gene transformation methods can be employed in different citrus species. © 2013 Dicle Donmez et al

Perceived support in sibling relationships and adolescent adjustment

Contains fulltext : 64085.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Background: Siblings may support each other, but also reveal fierce rivalry and mutual aggression. Supportive sibling relationships have been linked to the development of psychosocial competence of children. In the present longitudinal study, we will focus on the development of perceived support in sibling dyads and on the influence of sibling support and sibling problem behavior on psychosocial adjustment in adolescence. Method: In a three-wave longitudinal sample of 285 Dutch families with two adolescent children (11 - to 15-year-olds), these two siblings judged the support perceived from each other. In addition, they themselves and their parents judged their internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. The relation of sibling support and sibling problem behavior with internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors was examined while controlling for support from parents and friends and, over time, controlling for the autoregressive effects of problem behavior. Results: Support perceived from a sibling is mostly negatively related to externalizing problems; sibling problem behavior is strongly related to internalizing problems. Differential developmental trajectories of adolescents' adjustment are associated with siblings' support and problem behavior. Conclusion: The results indicate that adolescents' relationships with both older and younger siblings are characterized by modeling processes