An oleuropein β-glucosidase from olive fruit is involved in determining the phenolic composition of virgin olive oil

Phenolic composition of virgin olive oil is determined by the enzymatic and/or chemical reactions that take place during olive fruit processing. Of these enzymes, β-glucosidase activity plays a relevant role in the transformation of the phenolic glycosides present in the olive fruit, generating different secoiridoid derivatives. The main goal of the present study was to characterize olive fruit β-glucosidase genes and enzymes responsible for the phenolic composition of virgin olive oil. To achieve that, we have isolated an olive β-glucosidase gene from cultivar Picual (OepGLU), expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and purified its corresponding recombinant enzyme. Western blot analysis showed that recombinant OepGLU protein is detected by an antibody raised against the purified native olive mesocarp β-glucosidase enzyme, and exhibits a deduced molecular mass of 65.0 kDa. The recombinant OepGLU enzyme showed activity on the major olive phenolic glycosides, with the highest levels with respect to oleuropein, followed by ligstroside and demethyloleuropein. In addition, expression analysis showed that olive GLU transcript level in olive fruit is spatially and temporally regulated in a cultivar-dependent manner. Furthermore, temperature, light and water regime regulate olive GLU gene expression in olive fruit mesocarp. All these data are consistent with the involvement of OepGLU enzyme in the formation of the major phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil

Proyecto eMadrid: metodologías educativas, ludificación y calidad

Esta comunicación presenta un conjunto de trabajos de investigación sobre metodologías docentes, ludificación y calidad realizados en el seno del proyecto eMadrid, de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. En primer lugar se resumen los trabajos realizados en los dos primeros años del proyecto. Posteriormente se presentan las líneas de trabajo previstas para los dos años restantesEstos trabajos se han financiado parcialmente por el proyecto eMadrid (S2013/ICE-2715) de la Comunidad de Madrid, los proyectos FLEXOR (TIN2014-52129-R), RESET (TIN2014-53199-C3-1-R) e iProg (TIN2015-66731-C2-1-R) del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, y el proyecto “Adaptación de la metodología PhyMEL a la formación clínica mediante el uso de simuladores” financiado por la empresa Medical Simulato

Prototipo de máquina grabadora láser basada en control numérico computacional

This paper presents the development of a three-axed prototype laser machine for etching of different materials. We made a thorough investigation at national and international level, in order to build a prototype that has the necessary features and mechanical structure for implementation. The prototype has a size of 62 [cm] long and 48 [cm] wide and a height of 25 [cm], each one controlled by a stepper motor shaft 1.8 degrees. For the respective engine control the software LinuxCNC was used, and for the design and the engravings a vector design software with G codes is used.Este articulo presenta el desarrollo de un prototipo de maquina láser de tres ejes para el grabado de diferentes materiales. Se realizó una exhaustiva investigación a nivel nacional e internacional, para lograr construir un prototipo que cuente con las características y estructura mecánica necesario para la implementación. El prototipo cuenta con unas dimensiones de 62 [cm] de largo por 48 [cm] de ancho y una altura de 25 [cm], cada eje controlado por un motor paso a paso de 1,8 grados. Para el respectivo control de los motores se hace uso del software LinuxCNC, y para el diseño  de los grabados se hace uso de un software de diseño vectorial con códigos G

Heavy metal pollution in drinking water - a global risk for human health: A review

Water resources in the world have been profoundly influenced over the last years by human activities, whereby the world is currently facing critical water supply and drinking water quality problems. In many parts of the world heavy metal (HM) concentrations in drinking water are higher than some international guideline values. Discussing about the HM pollution in drinking water, the incorporation of them into the food chain, and their implications as a global risk for the human health, are the objectives of this review. It is known that there are million people with chronic HM poisoning which has become a worldwide public health issue, while 1.6 million children die each year from diseases for which contaminated drinking water is a leading cause. There is also evidence of HM in drinking water that are responsible for causing adverse effect on human health through food chain contamination. A global effort to offering affordable and healthy drinking water most to be launched throughout the world, while various laws and regulations to protect and improve the utilization of drinking water resources should be updated or created throughout the world, including the low income countries; otherwise, the problem of HM-polluted drinking water will be growing because demand for drinking water is still growing such as this problem will become even more pressing in the future. Finally, notwithstanding, additional researches are necessaries about the correlation between HM concentration in drinking water and human diseases, while the development of robust, cheap and sustainable technologies to improve the drinking water quality is necessary.Key words: Groundwater, aquifer, water quality, water pollution, microorganism, water supply, microbial communities, food chain, disease

Lorentz-covariant Hamiltonian analysis of BF gravity with the Immirzi parameter

We perform the Lorentz-covariant Hamiltonian analysis of two Lagrangian action principles that describe general relativity as a constrained BF theory and that include the Immirzi parameter. The relation between these two Lagrangian actions has been already studied through a map among the fields involved. The main difference between these is the way the Immirzi parameter is included, since in one of them the Immirzi parameter is included explicitly in the BF terms, whereas in the other (the CMPR action) it is in the constraint on the B fields. In this work we continue the analysis of their relationship but at the Hamiltonian level. Particularly, we are interested in seeing how the above difference appears in the constraint structure of both action principles. We find that they both possess the same number of first-class and second-class constraints and satisfy a very similar (off-shell) Poisson-bracket algebra on account of the type of canonical variables employed. The two algebras can be transformed into each other by making a suitable change of variablesComment: LaTeX file, no figure

Rendimiento y dinámica de crecimiento estacional de ballico perenne, pastoreado con ovinos a diferentes frecuencias e intensidades

The objective of the present study was to assess perennial ryegrass seasonal herbage accumulation, growth rate (GR), tiller population density (TPD) and weight (TW) at different grazing frequencies and intensities. Treatments consisted of two grazing frequencies (14 and 21 d in the rainy season and 35 and 42 d in the dry and cold seasons) and three grazing intensities: (hard 4-6 cm), medium (6-8 cm) and lax (8-10 cm) in a completely randomized block design with a factorial 2x3 arrangement and three replicates. In the rainy season herbage accumulation was 28 % greater (Pballico perenne a diferentes frecuencias e intensidades de pastoreo. Los tratamientos consistieron en dos frecuencias 14 ó 21 días (época de lluvias) y 35 ó 42 días (épocas fría y seca) y tres intensidades de pastoreo: alta (IA: 4 - 6 cm), media (IM: 6 - 8 cm) y ligera (IL: 8 - 10 cm), se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 3 y tres repeticiones. En lluvias el pastorear cada 21 dás superó en 28 % al de 14 días (4,437 vs 3,457 kg MS ha-1) y durante las épocas fría y seca se produjo 27 % más forraje al pastorear cada 35 que a 42 días (2,270 vs 1,787 kg MS ha-1). La IM produjo mayor acumulación de forraje que la IA e IL, durante las tres épocas del año. La TC fue mayor en la época de lluvias, especialmente en agosto, cuando se pastoreó a IM cada 21 días. En las épocas fría y seca la mayor TC se registró con pastoreos cada 35 días a IM. En agosto se observó la mayor DT promedio (8,042 m-2) y disminuyó a partir de septiembre. El PT determinó la mayor acumulación de forraje a los 21 días en la época de lluvias, en tanto que la DT incrementó el rendimiento de forraje al inicio del siguiente periodo de lluvias

Reproductive and productive behavior of hair sheep under an intensive production system

Objective: To evaluate the reproductive and productive behavior of four hair sheep breeds in an intensive production system. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data recorded over 4 years (2016-2019) from a production unit that works with Blackbelly, Pelibuey, Dorper, and Katahdin breeds were analyzed. The following variables were evaluated: fertility, prolificacy, birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), weaned lamb yield (WLY), daily weight gain during lactation (DWGL), offspring born alive (OBA), male offspring (MO), and female offspring (FO). All information was analyzed using Chi-square tests and analysis of variance. Results: The fertility, BW, WW, and WYL variables recorded different values between breeds (P<0.05). The greatest fertility and prolificacy were recorded by Blackbelly, while Dorper recorded the lowest values (P<0.05). BW and WW were highest in Dorper and lowest in Blackbelly (P<0.05). Finally, the sheep that recorded the highest WYL were the Blackbelly, while the Dorper registered the lowest values (P<0.05). BW and DWGL values reached maximum values (P<0.05) in Dorper rams, followed by Katahdin. The greatest number of OBA was observed in Blackbelly and Pelibuey (P<0.05). Study Limitations/Implications: Further studies should be carried out to validate this research. Findings/Conclusions: Blackbelly ewes produced more kilograms of weaned lambs per lambing ewe. The Dorper and Katahdin rams in the pre-weaning period recorded higher weight at weaning

Utilización de harina de pimiento morrón (capsicum annuum) en la elaboración de pan artesanal

The use of food wastes to enhance existing products such as breads by their nutritional properties, is a field that has become more popular within the years. Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) are a rich source of fibre and carotenoids, also the increasing need of these nutrients are vital to reduce and prevent future diseases. Along this article, certain methods are employed in order to obtain the bell pepper flour and a 10 %, 15 % and 20 % substitution of wheat flour for bell pepper flour is made. The products were analysed to obtain their unique characteristics, resulting in the 10 % substitution being the best option for either acceptance and versatility in future markets. It showed a P value of 0.318 in relation to the protein content and a P value of 0.000 in relation to the fibre content.El uso de alimentos de desecho para enriquecer las propiedades de un producto como lo es el pan, mediante sus propiedades nutricionales es un área que ha ganado interés en los últimos años. El pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum) es una rica fuente de fibra y carotenoides. La necesidad del consumo en los humanos de dichos fitonutrientes ha incrementado debido a sus propiedades preventivas. Diferentes métodos como deshidratación y molienda para la obtención de la harina de pimiento y para una realización de panes con diversos porcentajes de sustitución de harina de trigo común por harina de pimiento son mostrados. Sus características únicas mostraron aquel con un 10 % de sustitución como la mejor opción por su aceptación y versatilidad en futuros mercados. Se obtuvo un P valor de 0.318 con relación al contenido proteico mientras que para fibra se obtuvo un P valor de 0.000

Regional development gaps in Argentina: A multidimensional approach to identify the location of policy priorities

Spatial inequalities within Latin American countries have historically attracted the interest ofacademics, policy-makers, and international agencies. This article aims to provide amultidimensional diagnosis of provincial development gaps in Argentina, in order to identifythe location of policy priorities. Therefore, we built a large database, which covers sevendevelopment dimensions, and applied multivariate analysis techniques to overcome someanalytical limitations of previous studies. Results show the stability of provincial developmentgaps between 2003 and 2013 and some heterogeneity within geographic regions. Instead,cluster analysis offers a better classification of Argentine provinces according to theirdevelopment gaps, which can help the government to prioritize the places wheredevelopment policies are strategic.Fil: Niembro, Andrés Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Sarmiento, Jesica Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentin