O descontínuo na história da cultura colonial e pós-colonial: acidente ou fatalidade?

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar algumas discussões de autores como Homi Bhabha, Mary Louise Pratt, Serge Gruzinski e Renato Rosaldo, que permitem pensar em formas alternativas de enfocar o tempo, a continuidade e descontinuidades da história.Through a discussion of texts by Homi Bhabha, Mary Louise Pratt, Serge Gruzinski, and Renato Rosaldo, this article shows how these authors provide different ways of thinking about time, continuity, and discontinuity in history

Tupians and Turanians: hypotheses on the origins of man and civilization in the Americas in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

This article examines nineteenth and early twentieth-century theories on the origins of man and civilization in the Americas. Following an analysis of these theories within the European and North American contexts, the discussion focuses on Latin American (especially Brazilian) intellectuals who wrote on the development of pre-Columbian civilizations and on the role of ancient America in the history of civilization. In order to understand the impact of these debates on the emerging fields of Latin American archaeology and anthropology, this article analyzes different aspects of the development of comparative philology, ethnology, and anthropology, which contributed to the edification of the theoretical and ideological monument that came to be known as Indo-European civilization.Este artigo tem como ponto central o estudo das teorias a respeito da origem do homem americano e da antigüidade da civilização nas Américas, no contexto intelectual do século XIX e primeiras décadas do XX. Seu objetivo é mapear estas teorias no ambiente intelectual europeu e norte-americano para, em seguida, as vincular às discussões latino-americanas e brasileiras a respeito do grau de desenvolvimento, de civilização e de aperfeiçoamento das populações americanas originais (pré-conquista) e o papel da América na história do mundo civiüzado. Para atingir tais objetivos, o artigo analisa aspectos do desenvolvimento da filologia comparada, da etnologia e da antropologia para acompanhar a elaboração do monumento teórico-ideológico que foi denominado como de civilização indo-européia para, em seguida, buscar esclarecer o impacto destas discussões nas nascentes disciplinas da arqueologia e antropologia latino-americanas

The potential therapeutic use of cord blood in autologous transplants or in special patients: a review and update

Umbilical Cord Blood is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells widely used as a substitute of bone marrow (BM) in transplants. Cells from umbilical cord blood present advantages over BM cells, mainly as they are younger and a have higher proliferative rate. Besides hematopoietic stem cells, umbilical cord blood contains endothelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells, suggesting their possible application in cell therapy protocols for different tissues. In this paper, we discuss the importance of autologous umbilical cord blood storage and the research on stem cell transplantation for degenerative diseases.O sangue de cordão umbilical e placentário (SCUP) é uma rica fonte de células-tronco (CT) hematopoéticas e é amplamente utilizado como substituto da medula óssea em casos de transplante. As células do SCUP possuem vantagens sobre as células da medula óssea (MO), principalmente por serem mais jovens e apresentarem maior taxa proliferativa. Além dos progenitores hematopoéticos, o sangue de cordão umbilical contém progenitores endoteliais e mesenquimais, sugerindo sua possível aplicação nos novos protocolos de terapia celular para diferentes tecidos. Na presente revisão, discutimos a importância do armazenamento do sangue de cordão umbilical autólogo e as pesquisas desenvolvidas para a sua aplicação em doenças degenerativas.Cryopraxis Criobiologia LtdaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)Instituto de Traumato-ortopediaSanta Casa de São PauloHospital Samaritano de São PauloUFRJ HUCFFHospital Central do ExércitoUFRJ IPPMGUFRJCollege of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain RepairUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Infecções em pacientes pediátricos submetidos a transplante hepático

OBJECTIVE: To identify bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in the first 20 pediatric patients submitted to liver transplant at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one liver transplants were performed in 20  infant and adolescent patients from March 1995 to September 1997, at Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre. All transplanted organs were taken from deceased donors with the same ABO blood type as the organ transplant recipient. Nine patientsreceived a whole liver transplant, and 11 patients received a reduced liver transplant. Bacterial infection was diagnosed by the existence of clinical and laboratory evidence;and/or by hemoculture; and/or by positive  cultures. For the diagnosis of viral infections, patients were examined for Epstein Barr virus and for cytomegalovirus. For the diagnosis of fungal infection, hemocultures and secretion cultures were taken, and patients were also submitted to draining and sample collections, such as urine samples using a catheter.RESULTS: Of the 20 organ transplant recipient patients, two died within the first 24- 48 hours, and only four of the patients did not present any infections and/or positive cultures that were clinically significant. Fourteen patients had bacterial infection, and nine patients had more than one case of infection. The most frequently found organisms were Staphylococus aureus and epidermidis, and Xanthomonas maltophilia. Five transplant recipients were positive for cytomegalovirus antigenemia, and only one of these recipients was seronegative before the transplant. Fungal infection was diagnosed in two patients, and a third patient presented a positive culture of the biliary drain.CONCLUSIONS: Of the 20 liver transplant recipients, four died due to infection complications. By exerting a careful control, and establishing appropriate prophylacticand therapeutic measures, infection and its consequences may be reduced.OBJETIVO: Identificar infecções bacterianas, virais e fúngicas nos primeiros 20pacientes pediátricos submetidos a transplante de fígado no HCPA.PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: 21 transplantes foram realizados em 20 crianças eadolescentes, no período de março de 1995 a setembro de 1997, no HCPA. Todosos transplantes foram de doador cadavérico, do mesmo grupo sangüíneo ABO.Nove transplantes foram de fígado inteiro e 11, de fígado reduzido. O diagnósticode infecção bacteriana foi feito quando havia evidências clínico-laboratoriais e/ouhemocultura e/ou outros culturais positivos. Os vírus pesquisados foram citomegaloe Epstein Barr. Fungos eram pesquisados através de hemoculturas e culturas desecreções, drenos e coleções, cateteres e urina.RESULTADOS: Dos 20 pacientes transplantados, dois morreram nas primeiras24-48 horas e apenas quatro não apresentaram infecção e/ou culturais positivos,clinicamente significativos. Quatorze pacientes apresentaram infecção bacteriana,sendo que nove pacientes apresentaram mais do que um episódio infeccioso. Osorganismos mais freqüentes foram Staphylococus aureus e epidermidis eXantomonas maltophilia. Cinco receptores positivaram antigenemia para CMV, sendoque apenas um apresentava sorologia negativa no pré-transplante. Infecção fúngicafoi diagnosticada em dois pacientes e um terceiro paciente apresentou cultura dodreno biliar positiva.CONCLUSÕES: Dos 20 pacientes transplantados, quatro foram ao óbito porcomplicações infecciosas. Um controle cuidadoso e medidas profiláticas eterapêuticas adequadas podem diminuir infecções e suas conseqüências apóstransplante hepático

EpIG‐DB: A database of vascular epiphyte assemblages in the Neotropics

Vascular epiphytes are a diverse and conspicuous component of biodiversity in tropical and subtropical forests. Yet, the patterns and drivers of epiphyte assemblages are poorly studied in comparison with soil‐rooted plants. Current knowledge about diversity patterns of epiphytes mainly stems from local studies or floristic inventories, but this information has not yet been integrated to allow a better understanding of large‐scale distribution patterns. EpIG‐DB, the first database on epiphyte assemblages at the continental scale, resulted from an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished inventory data from the Neotropics. The current version of EpIG‐DB consists of 463,196 individual epiphytes from 3,005 species, which were collected from a total of 18,148 relevés (host trees and ‘understory’ plots). EpIG‐DB reports the occurrence of ‘true’ epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines, including information on their cover, abundance, frequency and biomass. Most records (97%) correspond to sampled host trees, 76% of them aggregated in forest plots. The data is stored in a TURBOVEG database using the most up‐to‐date checklist of vascular epiphytes. A total of 18 additional fields were created for the standardization of associated data commonly used in epiphyte ecology (e.g. by considering different sampling methods). EpIG‐DB currently covers six major biomes across the whole latitudinal range of epiphytes in the Neotropics but welcomes data globally. This novel database provides, for the first time, unique biodiversity data on epiphytes for the Neotropics and unified guidelines for future collection of epiphyte data. EpIG‐DB will allow exploration of new ways to study the community ecology and biogeography of vascular epiphytes