Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated With Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula: Case Report.

Carotid cavernous fistulas are a rare entity occurring as result of head trauma and also spontaneously. The authors report a rare case of central retinal artery occlusion complicating traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula, resulting in severe visual acuity loss. Spontaneous closure of the fistula was observed. The possible mechanisms responsible for this complication are discussed.70868-7

The Effect of a Single Supernova Explosion on the Cuspy Density Profile of a Small-Mass Dark Matter Halo

Some observations of galaxies, and in particular dwarf galaxies, indicate a presence of cored density profiles in apparent contradiction with cusp profiles predicted by dark matter N-body simulations. We constructed an analytical model, using particle distribution functions (DFs), to show how a supernova (SN) explosion can transform a cusp density profile in a small-mass dark matter halo into a cored one. Considering the fact that a SN efficiently removes matter from the centre of the first haloes, we study the effect of mass removal through a SN perturbation in the DFs. We found that the transformation from a cusp into a cored profile is present even for changes as small as 0.5% of the total energy of the halo, that can be produced by the expulsion of matter caused by a single SN explosion.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Reprodutibilidade do teste de sobrecarga hídrica realizado em diferentes horários do dia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reproducibility of water drinking test (WDT) performed at different times of the day, in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and normal individuals. METHODS: Fifteen patients with POAG and 30 normal individuals underwent three WDTs at different times of the day (7 AM, 12 PM, and 5 PM) on 3 different days. Test results in POAG patients and normal individuals were compared. Agreement and correlation of intraocular pressure (IOP) baseline levels, peak levels, and IOP change (peak IOP - baseline IOP) on tests performed at different times were evaluated. Only right eye measurements were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean baseline IOP, peak IOP and IOP change were significantly higher in POAG patients than in normal individuals, at all time intervals (p3 mmHg), even though Pearson's test revealed good correlation among the results. CONCLUSION: The mean IOP peak and mean IOP change observed during WDT are significantly higher in POAG patients than in control individuals. Low levels of agreement among WDTs performed at different times of the day suggest a poor reproducibility of WDT, which may limit its applicability for the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade do teste de sobrecarga hídrica (TSH) em diferentes horários em que é realizado, em pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) e em indivíduos normais. MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes com GPAA e 30 indivíduos normais foram submetidos a três TSHs, realizados em diferentes horários do dia (às 7:00 h, 12:00 h e 17:00 h), em três dias diferentes. Foram comparados os resultados dos testes em pacientes com GPAA e indivíduos normais. Foram analisadas a concordância e a correlação entre os valores de medida basal, pico e variação de pressão intraocular (PIO) (pico de PIO - PIO basal) nos testes realizados nos diferentes horários. Apenas as medidas do olho direito foram analisadas. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de medida basal, pico e variação de PIO foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes glaucomatosos que nos indivíduos normais, em todos os horários (p3 mmHg), apesar de o teste de Pearson demonstrar boa correlação entre os resultados. CONCLUSÃO: O TSH apresenta valores de pico e variações da PIO significativamente maiores em pacientes glaucomatosos que em indivíduos normais. Os baixos níveis de concordância entre os TSHs realizados em diferentes horários do dia sugerem uma baixa reprodutibilidade do TSH, que pode limitar sua aplicabilidade para diagnóstico e acompanhamento do glaucoma.283290Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

ALTERAÇÕES TEMPORAIS SOBRE A ESTRUTURA FUNCIONAL DAS ASSEMBLEIAS DE PEIXES DURANTE ONZE ANOS DE FORMAÇÃO DE UM RESERVATÓRIO DO MÉDIO RIO TOCANTINS, BRASIL

The damming of rivers for the construction of hydroelectric dams represents an important generator of environmental impact in the aquatic ecosystem, affecting the composition and the diversity of the fish fauna. This work aims to evaluate the temporal changes in the functional structure of fish assemblages in the Tocantins River before and after the construction of the Lajeado dam. Were used fourteen functional attributes measured from the fauna of fish collected with gillnet during eleven hydrological periods. Functional attributes related to size, body size, habitat use and reproductive strategy were more sensitive to the formation of fifteen functional groups. In general, there was an increase in the abundance of all groups after the reservoir, with more occurrence of small species, fusiform or compressed body and pelagic or benthopelagic habitat. Demersal habitat species, long-distance migrators and body size large were the most affected by the reservoir, with a strong reduction of abundance (less than 1% of the total). The analysis based on the construction of functional groups helps to identify the traits that are more sensitive to the new condition imposed by the reservoirs. So that the upstream area, of lotic nature, are recognized the priority conservation areas and free of new hydroelectric projects, in order to ensure the survival of species that share the most sensitive traits.Keywords: Tocantins River; reservoirs; environmental impact; neotropical fish; functional diversity.O represamento de rios para a construção de hidrelétricas representa um importante gerador de impacto ambiental no ecossistema aquático, afetando a composição e a diversidade da fauna de peixes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as mudanças temporais na estrutura funcional das assembleias de peixes no rio Tocantins antes e após a construção da barragem de Lajeado. Foram utilizados quatorze atributos funcionais mensurados da fauna de peixes coletadas com malhadeira durante 11 períodos hidrológicos. Os atributos funcionais relacionados ao tamanho, forma do corpo, uso do habitat e estratégia reprodutiva foram mais sensíveis à formação de 15 grupos funcionais. Em geral, houve um incremento na abundância de todos os grupos após o barramento, com maior ocorrência de espécies de pequeno porte, corpo fusiforme ou comprimido e habitat pelágico ou bentopelágico. Os táxons de habitat demersal, migradores de longa distância e de grande porte foram os mais afetados pelo barramento, com forte redução da abundância (menos de 1% do total). A análise baseada na construção de grupos funcionais auxilia na identificação dos atributos que são mais sensíveis à nova condição imposta pelos reservatórios. De modo que as regiões a montante, de natureza lótica, sejam reconhecidas como áreas prioritárias de conservação e livres de novos projetos hidrelétricos, com intuito de garantir a sobrevivência de espécies que compartilham os atributos mais sensíveis.Palavras-chave: rio Tocantins, reservatórios, impacto ambiental, peixes neotropicais, diversidade funcional

Precision scans of the pixel cell response of double sided 3D pixel detectors to pion and x-ray beams

hree-dimensional (3D) silicon sensors offer potential advantages over standard planar sensors for radiation hardness in future high energy physics experiments and reduced charge-sharing for X-ray applications, but may introduce inefficiencies due to the columnar electrodes. These inefficiencies are probed by studying variations in response across a unit pixel cell in a 55μm pitch double-sided 3D pixel sensor bump bonded to TimePix and Medipix2 readout ASICs. Two complementary characterisation techniques are discussed: the first uses a custom built telescope and a 120GeV pion beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN; the second employs a novel technique to illuminate the sensor with a micro-focused synchrotron X-ray beam at the Diamond Light Source, UK. For a pion beam incident perpendicular to the sensor plane an overall pixel efficiency of 93.0±0.5% is measured. After a 10o rotation of the device the effect of the columnar region becomes negligible and the overall efficiency rises to 99.8±0.5%. The double-sided 3D sensor shows significantly reduced charge sharing to neighbouring pixels compared to the planar device. The charge sharing results obtained from the X-ray beam study of the 3D sensor are shown to agree with a simple simulation in which charge diffusion is neglected. The devices tested are found to be compatible with having a region in which no charge is collected centred on the electrode columns and of radius 7.6±0.6μm. Charge collection above and below the columnar electrodes in the double-sided 3D sensor is observed

COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACCOUNTING BY BRAZILIAN COMPANIES LISTED

In Brazil, the convergence process to international accounting began with the changes of the corporate law (6404/76), fomented by the laws 11638/07 and 11941/09. The Brazilian tax law has always influenced the accounting practice. But the new legislation allowed the complete separation of accounting and tax criteria for asset valuation. The present study aims to answer the following question: In case of changes in the existing legislation and regulation, but with the possibility to adopt alternative practices, would companies follow the new practices instead of the former ones, leading to a fully identical accounting practices and regulations, as for the depreciation criteria? In this regard, we performed an empirical study on Brazilian companies listed in BM&F Bovespa. The results indicated that a high percentage of companies have adopted new practices. However, companies using tax rates for calculating the depreciation of fixed assets were identified.No Brasil, o processo de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade teve início com as alterações da lei das Sociedades Anônimas (6.404/76), promovidas pelas leis 11.638/07 e 11.941/09. A legislação fiscal brasileira sempre influenciou a prática contábil. Contudo, a nova legislação possibilitou a separação de critérios contábeis e fiscais para a avaliação patrimonial. O presente estudo visa responder a seguinte questão: Será que as empresas, diante de uma situação de alteração da legislação e normatização vigentes, porém com a possibilidade de adotar práticas alternativas, adotariam estas novas práticas, em detrimento das antigas, promovendo uma contabilidade de fato e de direito plenamente idênticas, no tocante aos critérios de depreciação? Para atingir este objetivo, um estudo empírico sobre as empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&F Bovespa foi realizado. Os resultados indicaram que um percentual elevado de empresas adotaram as novas práticas. No entanto, ainda foram identificadas empresas que utilizam as taxas fiscais para apuração da depreciação de ativos imobilizados

On the beer wagon : the past, present and future of Celtic Craft Brewing and its policies

This paper examines the potential of the craft beer sector as a regional development lever. Focusing on three culturally linked but politically distinct small nations, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, it takes a historical journey from the inception of this sector to present day. Discussion focuses on highlighting the complex interactions between brewing, society, policy and economy. We review current policy and sectoral realities for our Celtic context and propose a grounded and holistic vision of regional craft brewing policies, particularly around more circular and zero-waste ecosystems

VARIÁVEIS QUE INFLUENCIAM NO DESEMPENHO FINANCEIRO DOS EGRESSOS DE CONTABILIDADE: UM ESTUDO EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

This research aims to identify at what level academic achievement, as well as some socioeconomic variables influence the financial performance of the graduates in accounting course from an institution of higher education in Goiás. To give support this goal, we started with the following problem question: how academic performance, as well as other socioeconomic variables of gender type, work experience prior to graduation, age and marital status influence effectively in determining the financial performance of graduates in accounting? The methodology is characterized as descriptive; about the research procedures as survey and how to approach the problem as quantitative. A survey of data between the graduates of Accounting course of an institution of higher education of the State of Goiás formed from 2004 to 2009, using an econometric model to the data, as well as parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were performed. The results obtained using the econometric model showed that the only significant explanatory variable individually was the experience of graduates in accounting. These results corroborated the theory Mincer, in 1974, and human capital, evidencing that both the experience and age are reflected in the determination of remuneration. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that differences in salaries of graduates accounting depend on the level of accumulated knowledge, which generates work experience and can also generate changes in determining the occupational and social mobility, which is defended by the theory of market segmentation.Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar em que nível o rendimento escolar, bem como algumas variáveis socioeconômicas, influenciam no desempenho financeiro dos egressos no curso de Contabilidade de uma instituição de ensino superior em Goiás. Para dar respaldo a esse objetivo, parte-se da seguinte pergunta problema: como o desempenho acadêmico, assim como outras variáveis socioeconômicas, como gênero, experiência de trabalho antes da conclusão do curso, idade e estado civil, influenciam de forma efetiva na determinação do rendimento financeiro de egressos em Contabilidade? A metodologia utilizada é caracterizada como descritiva, quanto aos objetivos, como de levantamento, ou survey, quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, e como quantitativa, quanto à abordagem do problema. Realiza-se um levantamento de dados entre os egressos do Curso de Ciências Contábeis de uma instituição de ensino superior do estado de Goiás, formados de 2004 a 2009, aplicando aos dados um modelo econométrico e testes estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos. Os resultados obtidos pela aplicação do modelo econométrico evidenciam que a única variável explicativa individualmente significativa é a experiência do egresso em Ciências Contábeis. Tais resultados corroboraram a teoria de Mincer, de 1974, e do capital humano, demonstrando que tanto a experiência, quanto a idade refletem na determinação da remuneração. Além disso, os resultados demonstram que as diferenças nas remunerações dos egressos de Contabilidade dependem do nível de conhecimento acumulado, que gera experiência laboral e pode também gerar modificações na determinação da mobilidade ocupacional e social, defendida pela teoria de segmentação de mercado

Initial evidence of reduction of malaria cases and deaths in Rwanda and Ethiopia due to rapid scale-up of malaria prevention and treatment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An increasing number of malaria-endemic African countries are rapidly scaling up malaria prevention and treatment. To have an initial estimate of the impact of these efforts, time trends in health facility records were evaluated in selected districts in Ethiopia and Rwanda, where long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) had been distributed nationwide by 2007.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In Ethiopia, a stratified convenience sample covered four major regions where (moderately) endemic malaria occurs. In Rwanda, two districts were sampled in all five provinces, with one rural health centre and one rural hospital selected in each district. The main impact indicator was percentage change in number of in-patient malaria cases and deaths in children < 5 years old prior to (2001–2005/6) and after (2007) nationwide implementation of LLIN and ACT.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In-patient malaria cases and deaths in children < 5 years old in Rwanda fell by 55% and 67%, respectively, and in Ethiopia by 73% and 62%. Over this same time period, non-malaria cases and deaths generally remained stable or increased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Initial evidence indicated that the combination of mass distribution of LLIN to all children < 5 years or all households and nationwide distribution of ACT in the public sector was associated with substantial declines of in-patient malaria cases and deaths in Rwanda and Ethiopia. Clinic-based data was a useful tool for local monitoring of the impact of malaria programmes.</p