525 research outputs found
Loop Diuretics Have Anxiolytic Effects in Rat Models of Conditioned Anxiety
A number of antiepileptic medications that modulate GABAA mediated synaptic transmission are anxiolytic. The loop diuretics furosemide (Lasix) and bumetanide (Bumex) are thought to have antiepileptic properties. These drugs also modulate GABAA mediated signalling through their antagonism of cation-chloride cotransporters. Given that loop diuretics may act as antiepileptic drugs that modulate GABAergic signalling, we sought to investigate whether they also mediate anxiolytic effects. Here we report the first investigation of the anxiolytic effects of these drugs in rat models of anxiety. Furosemide and bumetanide were tested in adult rats for their anxiolytic effects using four standard anxiety models: 1) contextual fear conditioning; 2) fear-potentiated startle; 3) elevated plus maze, and 4) open-field test. Furosemide and bumetanide significantly reduced conditioned anxiety in the contextual fear-conditioning and fear-potentiated startle models. At the tested doses, neither compound had significant anxiolytic effects on unconditioned anxiety in the elevated plus maze and open-field test models. These observations suggest that loop diuretics elicit significant anxiolytic effects in rat models of conditioned anxiety. Since loop diuretics are antagonists of the NKCC1 and KCC2 cotransporters, these results implicate the cation-chloride cotransport system as possible molecular mechanism involved in anxiety, and as novel pharmacological target for the development of anxiolytics. In view of these findings, and since furosemide and bumetanide are safe and well tolerated drugs, the clinical potential of loop diuretics for treating some types of anxiety disorders deserves further investigation
Randomized Trials Fit for the 21st Century: A Joint Opinion From the European Society of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the World Heart Federation
Single molecule tracking fluorescence microscopy in mitochondria reveals highly dynamic but confined movement of Tom40
Tom40 is an integral protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane, which as the central component of the Translocase of the Outer Membrane (TOM) complex forms a channel for protein import. We characterize the diffusion properties of individual Tom40 molecules fused to the photoconvertable fluorescent protein Dendra2 with millisecond temporal resolution. By imaging individual Tom40 molecules in intact isolated yeast mitochondria using photoactivated localization microscopy with sub-diffraction limited spatial precision, we demonstrate that Tom40 movement in the outer mitochondrial membrane is highly dynamic but confined in nature, suggesting anchoring of the TOM complex as a whole
Principles of Glomerular Organization in the Human Olfactory Bulb â Implications for Odor Processing
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) in mice express only 1 of a possible 1,100 odor receptors (OR) and axons from OSNs expressing the same odor receptor converge into âŒ2 of the 1,800 glomeruli in each olfactory bulb (OB) in mice; this yields a convergence ratio that approximates 2â¶1, 2 glomeruli/OR. Because humans express only 350 intact ORs, we examined human OBs to determine if the glomerular convergence ratio of 2â¶1 established in mice was applicable to humans. Unexpectedly, the average number of human OB glomeruli is >5,500 yielding a convergence ratio of âŒ16â¶1. The data suggest that the initial coding of odor information in the human OB may differ from the models developed for rodents and that recruitment of additional glomeruli for subpopulations of ORs may contribute to more robust odor representation
Do inter-hospital comparisons of in-hospital, acute myocardial infarction case-fatality rates serve the purpose of fostering quality improvement? An evaluative study
Search for a narrow charmed baryonic state decaying to D^*+/- p^-/+ in ep collisions at HERA
A resonance search has been made in the D^*+/- p^-/+ invariant-mass spectrum
with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 126 pb^-1. The
decay channels D^*+ -> D^0 pi^+_s -> (K^- pi^+) pi^+_s and D^*+ -> D^0 pi^+_s
-> (K^- pi^+ pi^+ pi^-) pi^+_s (and the corresponding antiparticle decays) were
used to identify D^*+/- mesons. No resonance structure was observed in the
D^*+/- p^-/+ mass spectrum from more than 60000 reconstructed D^*+/- mesons.
The results are not compatible with a report of the H1 Collaboration of a
charmed pentaquark, Theta^0_c.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; minor text revisions; 2 references
adde
Search for lepton-flavor violation at HERA
A search for lepton-flavor-violating interactions and has been performed with the ZEUS detector using the entire HERA I
data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 130 pb^{-1}. The data
were taken at center-of-mass energies, , of 300 and 318 GeV. No
evidence of lepton-flavor violation was found, and constraints were derived on
leptoquarks (LQs) that could mediate such interactions. For LQ masses below
, limits were set on , where
is the coupling of the LQ to an electron and a
first-generation quark , and is the branching ratio of
the LQ to the final-state lepton ( or ) and a quark . For
LQ masses much larger than , limits were set on the four-fermion
interaction term for LQs that couple to an electron and a quark
and to a lepton and a quark , where and are
quark generation indices. Some of the limits are also applicable to
lepton-flavor-violating processes mediated by squarks in -Parity-violating
supersymmetric models. In some cases, especially when a higher-generation quark
is involved and for the process , the ZEUS limits are the most
stringent to date.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by EPJC. References and 1 figure (Fig.
6) adde
The dependence of dijet production on photon virtuality in ep collisions at HERA
The dependence of dijet production on the virtuality of the exchanged photon,
Q^2, has been studied by measuring dijet cross sections in the range 0 < Q^2 <
2000 GeV^2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of
38.6 pb^-1.
Dijet cross sections were measured for jets with transverse energy E_T^jet >
7.5 and 6.5 GeV and pseudorapidities in the photon-proton centre-of-mass frame
in the range -3 < eta^jet <0. The variable xg^obs, a measure of the photon
momentum entering the hard process, was used to enhance the sensitivity of the
measurement to the photon structure. The Q^2 dependence of the ratio of low- to
high-xg^obs events was measured.
Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions were found to generally underestimate
the low-xg^obs contribution relative to that at high xg^obs. Monte Carlo models
based on leading-logarithmic parton-showers, using a partonic structure for the
photon which falls smoothly with increasing Q^2, provide a qualitative
description of the data.Comment: 35 pages, 6 eps figures, submitted to Eur.Phys.J.
Multijet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of alpha_s
Multijet production rates in neutral current deep inelastic scattering have
been measured in the range of exchanged boson virtualities 10 < Q2 < 5000 GeV2.
The data were taken at the ep collider HERA with centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)
= 318 GeV using the ZEUS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of
82.2 pb-1. Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the k_T cluster
algorithm in the longitudinally invariant inclusive mode. Measurements of
differential dijet and trijet cross sections are presented as functions of jet
transverse energy E_{T,B}{jet}, pseudorapidity eta_{LAB}{jet} and Q2 with
E_{T,B}{jet} > 5 GeV and -1 < eta_{LAB}{jet} < 2.5. Next-to-leading-order QCD
calculations describe the data well. The value of the strong coupling constant
alpha_s(M_Z), determined from the ratio of the trijet to dijet cross sections,
is alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1179 pm 0.0013(stat.) {+0.0028}_{-0.0046}(exp.)
{+0.0064}_{-0.0046}(th.)Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Measurement of (anti)deuteron and (anti)proton production in DIS at HERA
The first observation of (anti)deuterons in deep inelastic scattering at HERA
has been made with the ZEUS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 300--318 GeV
using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb-1. The measurement was performed in
the central rapidity region for transverse momentum per unit of mass in the
range 0.3<p_T/M<0.7. The particle rates have been extracted and interpreted in
terms of the coalescence model. The (anti)deuteron production yield is smaller
than the (anti)proton yield by approximately three orders of magnitude,
consistent with the world measurements.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, submitted to Nucl. Phys.
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