Mycotic aneurysm of the inferior gluteal artery caused by non-typhi Salmonella in a man infected with HIV: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Non-typhi <it>Salmonellae </it>infections represent major opportunistic pathogens affecting human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals residing in sub-Saharan Africa. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first documented case in the medical literature of a <it>Salmonella</it>-induced mycotic aneurysm involving an artery supplying the gluteal region.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 37-year-old black, Kenyan man, infected with human immunodeficiency virus with a CD4 count of 132 cells per microliter presented with a pulsatile gluteal mass and debilitating pain progressing over one week. He was receiving prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Aspiration of the mass yielded gross blood. An ultrasound examination revealed a 37 ml vascular structure with an intra-luminal clot. Upon exploration, a true aneurysm of the inferior gluteal artery was identified and successfully resected. A culture of the aspirate grew a non-typhi <it>Salmonellae </it>species. Following resection, he was treated with oral ciprofloxacin for 10 weeks. He later began anti-retroviral therapy. Forty-two months after the initial diagnosis, he remained alive and well.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Clinicians caring for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa and other resource-limited settings should be aware of the invasive nature of <it>Salmonella </it>infections and the potential for aneurysm formation in unlikely anatomical locations. Rapid initiation of appropriate anti-microbial chemotherapy and surgical referral is needed. Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis does not routinely prevent invasive <it>Salmonella </it>infections.</p

A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits

The data collected from open source projects provide means to model large software ecosystems, but often suffer from data quality issues, specifically, multiple author identification strings in code commits might actually be associated with one developer. While many methods have been proposed for addressing this problem, they are either heuristics requiring manual tweaking, or require too much calculation time to do pairwise comparisons for 38M author IDs in, for example, the World of Code collection. In this paper, we propose a method that finds all author IDs belonging to a single developer in this entire dataset, and share the list of all author IDs that were found to have aliases. To do this, we first create blocks of potentially connected author IDs and then use a machine learning model to predict which of these potentially related IDs belong to the same developer. We processed around 38 million author IDs and found around 14.8 million IDs to have an alias, which belong to 5.4 million different developers, with the median number of aliases being 2 per developer. This dataset can be used to create more accurate models of developer behaviour at the entire OSS ecosystem level and can be used to provide a service to rapidly resolve new author IDs

Kinetic models for dilute solutions of dumbbells in non-homogeneous flows revisited

We propose a two fluid theory to model a dilute polymer solution assuming that it consists of two phases, polymer and solvent, with two distinct macroscopic velocities. The solvent phase velocity is governed by the macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations with the addition of a force term describing the interaction between the two phases. The polymer phase is described on the mesoscopic level using a dumbbell model and its macroscopic velocity is obtained through averaging. We start by writing down the full phase-space distribution function for the dumbbells and then obtain the inertialess limits for the Fokker-Planck equation and for the averaged friction force acting between the phases from a rigorous asymptotic analysis. The resulting equations are relevant to the modelling of strongly non-homogeneous flows, while the standard kinetic model is recovered in the locally homogeneous case

Properties and Performance of Two Wide Field of View Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array Prototypes

A wide field of view Cherenkov/fluorescence telescope array is one of the main components of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory project. To serve as Cherenkov and fluorescence detectors, a flexible and mobile design is adopted for easy reconfiguring of the telescope array. Two prototype telescopes have been constructed and successfully run at the site of the ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet. The features and performance of the telescopes are presented

Development and inter-rater reliability of the Liverpool adverse drug reaction causality assessment tool.

To develop and test a new adverse drug reaction (ADR) causality assessment tool (CAT)

An efficient implementation of massive neutrinos in non-linear structure formation simulations

Massive neutrinos make up a fraction of the dark matter, but due to their large thermal velocities, cluster significantly less than cold dark matter (CDM) on small scales. An accurate theoretical modelling of their effect during the non-linear regime of structure formation is required in order to properly analyse current and upcoming high-precision large-scale structure data, and constrain the neutrino mass. Taking advantage of the fact that massive neutrinos remain linearly clustered up to late times, this paper treats the linear growth of neutrino overdensities in a non-linear CDM background. The evolution of the CDM component is obtained via N-body computations. The smooth neutrino component is evaluated from that background by solving the Boltzmann equation linearised with respect to the neutrino overdensity. CDM and neutrinos are simultaneously evolved in time, consistently accounting for their mutual gravitational influence. This method avoids the issue of shot-noise inherent to particle-based neutrino simulations, and, in contrast with standard Fourier-space methods, properly accounts for the non-linear potential wells in which the neutrinos evolve. Inside the most massive late-time clusters, where the escape velocity is larger than the neutrino thermal velocity, neutrinos can clump non-linearly, causing the method to formally break down. It is shown that this does not affect the total matter power spectrum, which can be very accurately computed on all relevant scales up to the present time.Comment: Version accepted by MNRAS. Implementation available at http://github.com/downloads/sbird/fs-neutrino/kspace-neutrino-2.tar.g

Constituting We the People

We study roles of the thermosphere and exosphere on the Martian ionospheric structure and ion escape rates in the process of the solar wind-Mars interaction. We employ a four-species multifluid MHD (MF-MHD) model to simulate the Martian ionosphere and magnetosphere. The $cold$ thermosphere background is taken from the Mars Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (M-GITM) and the $hot$ oxygen exosphere is adopted from the Mars exosphere Monte Carlo model - Adaptive Mesh Particle Simulator (AMPS). A total of four cases with the combination of 1D (globally averaged) and 3D thermospheres and exospheres are studied. The ion escape rates calculated by adopting 1D and 3D atmospheres are similar; however, the latter are required to adequately reproduce MAVEN ionospheric observations. In addition, our simulations show that the 3D hot oxygen corona plays an important role in preventing planetary molecular ions (O$_2^+$ and CO$_2^+$) escaping from Mars, mainly resulting from the mass loading of the high-altitude exospheric O$^+$ ions. The $cold$ thermospheric oxygen atom, however, is demonstrated to be the primary neutral source for O$^+$ ion escape during the relatively weak solar cycle 24.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physic