Una Actividad de indagación en un aula de diversificación: "¿Es beneficioso masticar bien para realizar una buena digestión?"

En aquest treball s'exemplifica el desenvolupament i implementació d'una activitat d'indagació, concretament, la resolució de la situació problemàtica oberta «És beneficiós mastegar bé per fer una bona digestió?», realitzada amb escolars de 3r d'ESO del programa de versificació. La resolució del problema es va dur a terme en grup cooperatiu utilitzant la metodologia de resolució de problemes com a investigació (MRPI). A partir de les produccions escrites realitzades pels escolars, s'analitzen els aprenentatges construïts en termes de dimensions de la competència científica.En este trabajo se ejemplifica el desarrollo e implementación de una actividad de indagación, concretamente, la resolución de la situación problemática abierta «¿Es beneficioso masticar bien para realizar una buena digestión?», realizada con escolares de 3.º de ESO del programa de diversificación. La resolución del problema se llevó a cabo en grupo cooperativo utilizando la metodología de resolución de problemas como investigación (MRPI). A partir de las producciones escritas realizadas por los escolares, se analizan los aprendizajes construidos en términos de dimensiones de la competencia científica.We present an example of how an activity of inquiry is developed, namely the resolution of the open problem situation «Is it beneficial for good digestion to chew intensively?», which was realized by students of 3rd ESO diversification program. The development of problem solving was conducted in a cooperative group. The learning process is analyzed in terms of dimensions of scientific competence with the productions made by students

Anticipating the location of a waste collection point : an application based on Portugal

We study the optimal location of a waste facility in a horizontally differentiated duopoly where firms choose their location and price. The policymaker decides the location of a waste facility targeting social welfare maximization. Consistent with the observation of the location decisions of waste facilities in Portugal, we show that the optimal location of a waste facility is never in the city center under partial expost regulation. Ex-ante regulation ensures the highest level of social welfare, but from a theoretical point of view, it requires a waste facility located in the city center. A robustness check is then provided to justify that, in actual regulatory practice, a first-mover regulator maximizes social welfare without necessarily imposing the installation of a waste facility in the city center.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Detection of myxoma viruses encoding a defective M135R gene from clinical cases of myxomatosis; possible implications for the role of the M135R protein as a virulence factor

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Myxoma virus is a member of the <it>Poxviridae </it>and causes disease in European rabbits. Laboratory confirmation of the clinical disease, which occurs in the autumn of most years in Denmark, has been achieved previously using antigen ELISA and electron microscopy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An unusually large number of clinically suspected cases of myxomatosis were observed in Denmark during 2007. Myxoma virus DNA was detected, using a new real time PCR assay which targets the M029L gene, in over 70% of the clinical samples submitted for laboratory confirmation. Unexpectedly, further analysis revealed that a high proportion of these viral DNA preparations contained a frame-shift mutation within the M135R gene that has previously been identified as a virulence factor. This frame-shift mutation results in expression of a greatly truncated product. The same frame-shift mutation has also been found recently within an avirulent strain of myxoma virus (6918). However, three other frame-shift mutations found in this strain (in the genes M009L, M036L and M148R) were not shared with the Danish viruses but a single nucleotide deletion in the M138R/M139R intergenic region was a common feature.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It appears that expression of the full-length myxoma virus M135R protein is not required for virulence in rabbits. Hence, the frame-shift mutation in the M135R gene in the nonpathogenic 6918 virus strain is not sufficient to explain the attenuation of this myxoma virus but one/some of the other frame-shift mutations alone or in conjunction with one/some of the thirty two amino acid substitutions must also contribute. The real time PCR assay for myxoma virus is a useful diagnostic tool for laboratory confirmation of suspected cases of myxomatosis.</p

Heme-Oxygenases during Erythropoiesis in K562 and Human Bone Marrow Cells

In mammalian cells, heme can be degraded by heme-oxygenases (HO). Heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is known to be the heme inducible isoform, whereas heme-oxygenase 2 (HO-2) is the constitutive enzyme. Here we investigated the presence of HO during erythroid differentiation in human bone marrow erythroid precursors and K562 cells. HO-1 mRNA and protein expression levels were below limits of detection in K562 cells. Moreover, heme was unable to induce HO-1, at the protein and mRNA profiles. Surprisingly, HO-2 expression was inhibited upon incubation with heme. To evaluate the physiological relevance of these findings, we analyzed HO expression during normal erythropoiesis in human bone marrow. Erythroid precursors were characterized by lack of significant expression of HO-1 and by progressive reduction of HO-2 during differentiation. FLVCR expression, a recently described heme exporter found in erythroid precursors, was also analyzed. Interestingly, the disruption in the HO detoxification system was accompanied by a transient induction of FLVCR. It will be interesting to verify if the inhibition of HO expression, that we found, is preventing a futile cycle of concomitant heme synthesis and catabolism. We believe that a significant feature of erythropoiesis could be the replacement of heme breakdown by heme exportation, as a mechanism to prevent heme toxicity

EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) : Study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial

More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369

¿Negociación salarial secuencial o simultánea?

En este artículo analizamos si los salarios, por motivos estratégicos, se negocian de manera secuencial o simultánea. El resultado obtenido, en el caso en que los trabajadores forman sindicatos de empresa, depende de quién tiene el poder para decidir cuándo se negocia. Si deciden las empresas, tendremos una negociación salarial simultánea o sincronizada, mientras que si deciden los trabajadores tendremos una negociación salarial no sincronizada o secuencial. El resultado se mantiene, en l¡neas generales, si los trabajadores se organizan en un sindicato de industria

Respuesta productiva y dinámica de rebrote del ballico perenne a diferentes alturas de corte

The objective of this study (which was carried out in a greenhouse) was to investigate the effects of cutting height on herbage production and regrowth dynamics of perennial ryegrass swards. All plots were randomly allocated to six treatments (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 cm cutting height and control) with 15 replicates (three per tray). All pots were cut twice weekly. Every four weeks from March 7 to July 15 all pots contained in one tray were withdrawn for destructive readings of tiller population density, tiller weight, leaf:stem ratio and leaf:non-leaf ratio. Treatments were analyzed in a completely randomized design with three replicates. A multiple regression analysis (stepwise) was also carried out. Cumulative herbage mass was higher at 9 and 12 cm cutting heights (PSe efectuó un experimento, en condiciones de invernadero, para determinar el efecto de la altura de corte en la respuesta productiva y dinámica de rebrote del ballico perenne (Lolium perenne L.). Los tratamientos incluyeron cortes de forraje dos veces por semana a cinco diferentes alturas (3, 6, 9, 12 y 15 cm) y un testigo sin corte. Las variables evaluadas fueron: forraje cosechado y acumulado; densidad y peso de los tallos; relación hoja:tallo y hoja:no hoja (tallo + material muerto, MM) y tasa de recambio. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones por tratamiento y se realizó una regresión por pasos (stepwise). Los resultados indican que la mayor acumulación de forraje se presentó al cosechar a 9 ó 12 cm (

PREVALENCIA Y DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DEL CÁNCER EN EL ÁREA DE SALUD DE GUADALAJARA

Fundamento: La prevalencia total de cáncer oscila entre un 2 y un 3% de la población. Algunos datos sugieren diferencias en función del medio urbano o rural, de otros factores geográficos, y en el entorno de las centrales nucleares. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer dichas prevalencias y su distribución en las diferentes zonas geográficas del Area de Salud de Guadalajara. Métodos: Estudio de prevalencia de punto, en 1999, mediante revisión sistemática de casos en fuentes primarias y secundarias del Area de Salud de Guadalajara. Se incluyen tumores malignos invasivos en mayores de 14 años. Se analiza la distribución general y específica en función del lugar de residencia, comarca, y proximidad a las centrales nucleares. Se calculan prevalencias crudas y ajustadas/ 100.000 h y razón de prevalencia con IC al 95%. Resultados: Se detectaron 2.717 casos (prevalencia cruda: 2034,6/105), repartidos al 50% entre el medio urbano y el rural. La prevalencia ajustada (a población mundial) es de 1295,2/105, mayor en el medio urbano (1479,9/105) que en el rural (1136,3/105). En relación con las comarcas geográficas únicamente el cáncer de tiroides es más prevalente en mujeres en las zonas más deprimidas y montañosas, si bien con baja casuística. Conclusiones: Las prevalencias de cáncer encontradas son similares a las publicadas y, tras ajuste por edad, son mayores en el medio urbano que en el rural. Las diferencias entre comarcas se relacionan con las características demográficas, geográficas y el carácter urbano