Relationship of some risk factors and symptoms in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the major causes of death in the worldwide. Clinical manifestations are different. So it's necessary to have knowledge about the types of symptoms experienced by patients with ACS. This study was performed to assay the Relationship of some risk factors and symptoms in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This cross-sectional study, were studied 294 patients with acute coronary syndrome at least 24 hours after admission had survived. Data was collected by a questionnaire that included demographic data form and check list of some symptoms and history of risk factors. There was a significant relationship between STEMI with vomiting (OR=1.94) and anxiety (OR=1.83) and UA with vomiting (OR=0.42). Between sex with weakness (OR=2.29) and anxiety (OR=1.82), diabetes with dyspenea (OR=1.8), weakness (OR=1.02) and tinnitus (OR=2.06) and hyperlipidemia with weakness (OR=2.35) and tinnitus (OR=2.49) was available significant difference. The findings of this study indicate that the appearance of symptoms of acute coronary syndrome were different as for ECG changes and risk factors, and more focused on those symptoms that they are common with any other diseases. Since, many of the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome can be potentially dangerous and life threatening, accurate diagnosis and timely action is crucial for the patients

Multilocal programming and applications

Preprint versionMultilocal programming aims to identify all local minimizers of unconstrained or constrained nonlinear optimization problems. The multilocal programming theory relies on global optimization strategies combined with simple ideas that are inspired in deflection or stretching techniques to avoid convergence to the already detected local minimizers. The most used methods to solve this type of problems are based on stochastic procedures and a population of solutions. In general, population-based methods are computationally expensive but rather reliable in identifying all local solutions. In this chapter, a review on recent techniques for multilocal programming is presented. Some real-world multilocal programming problems based on chemical engineering process design applications are described.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Comparison of the results of numerical and laboratory models of one-dimensional flow over dam overflows

Analyzing the flow on dams by numerical methods compared to the physical model preparation is the most efficient way to reduce costs and time. In general the type of method used, flow analysis on overflows in its permanent condition requires solving the category of differential equations involved called Navirastox equations in order to make the free surface of the flow very complex and uneconomical.One type of equation used in overflows is the use of medium depth equation model, or in other words, shallow water equations that result from integrating the Navier-Stokes equations in depth and applying boundary conditions of surface and substrate. Intermediate depth equations, also known as shallow water equations, are mainly used to simulate currents where the velocity value is constant at depth of flow and the pressure distribution at depth is hydrostatic.Due to the complexity of the equations and the lack of a precise answer, different numerical methods have been developed to solve the equations governing the physical phenomena.One of the newest of these methods is the set of methods without a network, which has been introduced in the last two decades to solve differential equations, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.Dissociation of the problem in many non-networked methods leads to integral equations, the solution of which requires numerical integralization and the introduction of gaseous points and related weights along with networking.In this paper, the least squares method is used to solve shallow water equations.At least discrete squares have been used in the dissection phase of the differential equation to achieve algebraic equations, as well as the minimum weight squares of the data in order to obtain the values ​​of the form functions.The most important advantage of this method should be considered in eliminating the steps of integrating the process of calculating the matrices of the coefficients and also supporting it without networking in the real sense.Correction of the method has been done by numerical analysis of the flow on the overflow of one of the dams of the country and its comparison with the results related to the speed and water level in the physical model

The Frequency Distribution of Parainfluenza, Adeno and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Children below 2 Years Old with Bronchiolititis, by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Method, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman, 2006

Abstract: Background & Aims: Acute respiratory infections are common cause of mortality during childhood. This study was designed to determine the incidence of adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory infections by Multiplex PCR method. Methods: This study included 168 children under 2 years of age with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal specimens were taken and transferred to the virology laboratory in VTM transport medium. Following extraction of viral DNA and RNA, Multiplex RT-PCR was performed. Results: From 168 specimens, 33 cases (19.6 %) were infected with parainfluenza viruses, 18 cases (10.7%) with adenovirus and 63 cases (37.5 %) with RSV. The rest of the specimens were negative for these viruses, which indicated that these specimens had been probably infected with other viral agents not investigated in this study, or with mycoplasma. No significant correlation was found between WBC count, ESR values, degree of air trapping, coryza, fever, cough, retraction rale, wheezing and the type of viral infection. Also no significant correlation was found based on age,sex or general condition of patients. Conclusion: Major causes of viral infections in this study were respectively respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), parainfluenza and adenovirus. Keywords: Bronchiolitis, Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Multiplex PC

Applying an evolutionary strategy to optimize structures with continuous variables

In the present paper, using evolutionary strategy, optimization of problems with continuous variables is performed. Evolutionary strategy is one of the meta-exploration methods that is basically provided for problems with continuous variables and can adjust its parameters during the optimization process. In order to evaluate, optimization of known functions is performed using evolutionary strategy and finally the results are presented and the effect of different parameters on the optimization process is presented by presenting tables and graphs. And the results obtained from the presented method are compared with the results obtained from other methods

Global spatiotemporal consistency between meteorological and soil moisture drought indices

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