Методи визначення оптимальних виробничих програм за фінансовими критеріями розвитку підприємства

Запропоновано методи визначення оптимальних обсягів виробництва за критеріями максимізації чистого прибутку і рентабельності продукції підприємства. За результатами розрахунків, проведених за допомогою розроблених моделей для промислових підприємств Львівської області, доведена методологічна різниця між абсолютним і відносним критеріями ефективності

Baryogenesis in the MSSM, nMSSM and NMSSM

We compare electroweak baryogenesis in the MSSM, nMSSM and NMSSM. We comment on the different sources of CP violation, the phase transition and constraints from EDM measurements.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 7th Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM06), Brookhaven National Laboratory, May 10-13, 200

Reparations for international crimes and the development of a civil dimension of international criminal justice

The main purpose of this research project is to inquire into the emerging civil dimension of international criminal law which, in contrast to the criminal dimension, focuses on reparation for victims both at national and international levels. The ultimate goal of this project is to address how international criminal justice should develop in relation to civil redress for victims of international crimes. For this purpose, this study examines, compares and contrasts three analytical frameworks for the adjudication of the civil dimensions of international crimes. The analysis starts the first framework from a theoretical and conceptual discussion of theories of justice grounding the right of victims to reparation juxtaposed with the development of a duty of reparation imposed directly on individuals. I address the relationship between punishment and reparation and their impact on victims, offenders and societies in general, in a theoretical perspective. It then utilizes case studies at the international and national level, as well as the use of administrative mechanisms to discuss the operationalization of reparations for international crimes.  Exploring the Frontiers of International La

QCD sum rules as a tool for investigation of the baryon properties at finite densities

We analyse the calculations of deep inelastic structure functions of free nucleons by QCD sum rules method,carried out by others.We present our results of calculation of the distribution of valence quarks in nucleon placed into the nuclear matter.We show that the change in distribution has typical EMC shape.We discuss possible application of the method to investigation of other aspects of deep-inelastic processes.We analyse also the limits of possibilities of the approach.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids enhance alcohol-induced hepatocytotoxicity in vitro in normal human hepatocytes

OBJECTIVE : Herbal remedies containing pyrrilidozine alkaloids (PA)s can induce liver damage, including hepato-sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) or veno-occlusive liver disease (VOD). Some individuals misusing alcohol consume also teas and/or herbal remedies containing PA. The interaction or additive toxicity of alcohol to PA toxicity needs to be addressed. The objectives of this study are 1) to review the scientific literature on the PA-induced liver toxicity; 2) identify possible mechanism(s) involved in PA-induced hepatocytotoxicity in the presence or absence of ethanol (EtOH) in vitro in normal human hepatocytes (NHH) in primary culture. To respond to the first objective, we systematically search all the literature engines (PubMed, Google Scholar) for liver induced damage due to PAs and summarize the results in an introductory systematic review. ORIGINAL ARTICLE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND METHODS : Cells were exposed to one dose of 100 mmol/L EtOH for 24 hrs and to 2 doses of 100 mmol/L EtOH for consecutive 24 hrs periods, in the presence or absence of PAs (10 mg/mL), or the caspase-3 inhibitor IDN-1965 (50 μmol/L). Cells were analyzed for apoptosis by light microscopy, immuno-histochemistry, measuring cytokeratin-18 fragmentation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (6000 cells/ treatment). Cytotoxicity was determined using succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, an enzyme specific to the mitochondria. RESULTS : In NHH cells, a 100 mmol/L dose of Et-OH resulted in 22±2.5 apoptosis (p<0.001 vs. control). Two consecutive doses of 100 mmol/L Et-OH for 24 hrs each caused 36±3.0% apoptosis (p<0.001 vs. control and p<0.05 vs. one dose Et- OH). Pre-treatment with 50 μmol/L caspase inhibitor significantly reduced Et-OH-induced apoptosis [12±1.5% in 100 mmol/L (p<0.05) and 20±4.0% in 2×100 mmol/L (p<0.001)]. In addition, pre-treatment with 50 μmol caspase inhibitor in cells treated with PA + EtOH reduced apoptosis significantly (vs. non-exposed to caspase-inhibitor): Δ -22±3.0 % (p<0.05). HPC significantly decreased apoptosis compared to conditions lacking this supplementation in cells treated with EtOH-exposed cells present ballooning, Mallory bodies, changes in mitochondrial cristae and apoptosis by TEM. Pre-treatment with 50 μmol caspase inhibitor significantly reduced 100 mmol/L EtOH-induced (one dose) in NHH by 14±0.5% (p<0.05) compared to cells not exposed to the caspase-inhibitor. In cells treated concomitantly with PA and EtOH 100 mM Mallory-bodies and apo-necrotic cells have been observed. Pre-treatment with 50 μmol caspase inhibitor reduced the mitochondrial damage. A significant depletion in glutathione (GSH) was observed in Et-OH treated cells after 1 and 2 treatments (p<0.001 vs. control). Treatment with E t-OH enhanced PA-induced GSH-depletion and resulted in a significant increase in PA-induced cytotoxicity (p<0.001 vs. Et-untreated cells). Exposure to EtOH increased the cell culture media levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF. PA + EtOH-treated cells increased TNF-α levels in media compared to EtOH alone [86±8 vs. 53±5 pg/mL in cells exposed to 100 mmol/L EtOH (p<0.05) and 218±14 vs. 179±8 pg/mL in cells exposed to 2×100 mmol/L EtOH (p<0.05)]. CONCLUSIONS : PA up-regulates EtOH-induced hepatocytotoxicity by inducing the inflammatory cytokines and enhancing the apoptotic effects of ethanol. There is a need for monitoring herbal medicine in order to optimize traditional medicine use and maximize the clinical benefits. Additionally, there is necessary to communicate to physicians the possible negative results of herbal remedies use. Also, the interactions between herbal remedies and drugs of misuse should be communicated to consumers.The work was funded by In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology. We are thankful for the financial contribution to Mahaffy -Gastroenterology Fund, Sunnybrook HSC, Toronto, ON, Canada.http://www.europeanreview.orgam2017Pharmacolog

Higher-order mutual coherence of optical and matter waves

We use an operational approach to discuss ways to measure the higher-order cross-correlations between optical and matter-wave fields. We pay particular attention to the fact that atomic fields actually consist of composite particles that can easily be separated into their basic constituents by a detection process such as photoionization. In the case of bosonic fields, that we specifically consider here, this leads to the appearance in the detection signal of exchange contributions due to both the composite bosonic field and its individual fermionic constituents. We also show how time-gated counting schemes allow to isolate specific contributions to the signal, in particular involving different orderings of the Schr\"odinger and Maxwell fields.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure

Scattering Theory of Dynamic Electrical Transport

We have developed a scattering matrix approach to coherent transport through an adiabatically driven conductor based on photon-assisted processes. To describe the energy exchange with the pumping fields we expand the Floquet scattering matrix up to linear order in driving frequency.Comment: Proceedings QMath9, September 12th-16th, 2004, Giens, Franc

Two-dimensional N=(2,2) super Yang-Mills theory on computer

We carry out preliminary numerical study of Sugino's lattice formulation \cite{Sugino:2004qd,Sugino:2004qdf} of the two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ super Yang-Mills theory (2d $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ SYM) with the gauge group \SU(2). The effect of dynamical fermions is included by re-weighting a quenched ensemble by the pfaffian factor. It appears that the complex phase of the pfaffian due to lattice artifacts and flat directions of the classical potential are not problematic in Monte Carlo simulation. Various one-point supersymmetric Ward-Takahashi (WT) identities are examined for lattice spacings up to $a=0.5/g$ with the fixed physical lattice size $L=4.0/g$, where $g$ denotes the gauge coupling constant in two dimensions. WT identities implied by an exact fermionic symmetry of the formulation are confirmed in fair accuracy and, for most of these identities, the quantum effect of dynamical fermions is clearly observed. For WT identities expected only in the continuum limit, the results seem to be consistent with the behavior expected from supersymmetry, although we do not see clear distintion from the quenched simulation. We measure also the expectation values of renormalized gauge-invariant bi-linear operators of scalar fields.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, the distribution of the complex phase of the pffafian is also measured, the final version to appear in JHE

Electroweak Baryogenesis: Concrete in a SUSY Model with a Gauge Singlet

SUSY models with a gauge singlet easily allow for a strong first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) if the vevs of the singlet and Higgs fields are of comparable size. We discuss the profile of the stationary expanding bubble wall and CP-violation in the effective potential, in particular transitional CP-violation inside the bubble wall during the EWPT. The dispersion relations for charginos contain CP-violating terms in the WKB approximation. These enter as source terms in the Boltzmann equations for the (particle--antiparticle) chemical potentials and fuel the creation of a baryon asymmetry through the weak sphaleron in the hot phase. This is worked out for concrete parameters.Comment: 46 pages, LaTeX, 11 figures, discussion of source terms and transport equations modified, version to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Diffusion Resonances in Action Space for an Atom Optics Kicked Rotor with Decoherence

We numerically investigate momentum diffusion rates for the pulse kicked rotor across the quantum to classical transition as the dynamics are made more macroscopic by increasing the total system action. For initial and late time rates we observe an enhanced diffusion peak which shifts and scales with changing kick strength, and we also observe distinctive peaks around quantum resonances. Our investigations take place in the context of a system of ultracold atoms which is coupled to its environment via spontaneous emission decoherence, and the effects should be realisable in ongoing experiments.Comment: 4 Pages, RevTeX 4, 5 Figures. Updated Figures, Minor Changes to text, Corrected Reference