Lessons learned from practical approaches to reconcile mismatches between biological population structure and stock units of marine fish

Recent advances in the application of stock identification methods have revealed inconsistencies between the spatial structure of biological populations and the definition of stock units used in assessment and management. From a fisheries management perspective, stocks are typically assumed to be discrete units with homogeneous vital rates that can be exploited independently of each other. However, the unit stock assumption is often violated leading to spatial mismatches that can bias stock assessment and impede sustainable fisheries management. The primary ecological concern is the potential for overexploitation of unique spawning components, which can lead to loss of productivity and reduced biodiversity along with destabilization of local and regional stock dynamics. Furthermore, ignoring complex population structure and stock connectivity can lead to misperception of the magnitude of fish productivity, which can translate to suboptimal utilization of the resource. We describe approaches that are currently being applied to improve the assessment and management process for marine fish in situations where complex spatial structure has led to an observed mismatch between the scale of biological populations and spatially-defined stock units. The approaches include: (i) status quo management, (ii) "weakest link" management, (iii) spatial and temporal closures, (iv) stock composition analysis, and (v) alteration of stock boundaries. We highlight case studies in the North Atlantic that illustrate each approach and synthesize the lessons learned from these real-world applications. Alignment of biological and management units requires continual monitoring through the application of stock identification methods in conjunction with responsive management to preserve biocomplexity and the natural stability and resilience of fish species.</p

The PanCareFollowUp Care Intervention: a European harmonised approach to person-centred guideline-based survivorship care after childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer.

ABSTRACT: Background Long-term follow-up (LTFU) care, although endorsed, is not available for the majority of adult survivors of childhood, adolescence and young adult (CAYA) cancer. Barriers to implementation include lack of time, knowledge, personnel and funding. Sustainable solutions are urgently needed to address the needs of CAYA cancer survivors to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of late effects on survivors, health care systems and society. The European Union-funded PanCareFollowUp project, initiated by the Pan-European Network for Care of Survivors after Childhood and Adolescent Cancer, was established to facilitate the implementation of person-centred survivorship care across Europe. Patients and methods The PanCareFollowUp Care Intervention was co-developed with survivors as part of the PanCareFollowUp project. It is a person-centred approach to survivorship care, supported by guidelines and with flexibility to adapt to local health care settings. The Care Intervention consists of three steps: (1) previsit completion of a Survivor Questionnaire (by the survivor) and Treatment Summary (by the health care provider [HCP]), (2) a clinic visit including shared decision-making, and (3) a follow-up call to finalise the individualised Survivorship Care Plan. Results We developed the key components of the PanCareFollowUp Care Intervention: a PanCareFollowUp Survivor Questionnaire, Treatment Summary template, Survivorship Care Plan template, and educational materials for HCPs and survivors. Wide implementation of the PanCareFollowUp Care Intervention will be supported with a freely distributed Replication Manual on completion of the PanCareFollowUp project. Conclusions The PanCareFollowUp Care Intervention will support the implementation of person-centred, guideline-based LTFU care in different health care settings across Europe to improve survivors' health and well-being

Optimizing Pharmacology Studies in Pregnant and Lactating Women Using Lessons from HIV: A Consensus Statement

Information on the extent of drug exposure to mothers and infants during pregnancy and lactation normally becomes available years after regulatory approval of a drug. Clinicians face knowledge gaps on drug selection and dosing in pregnancy and infant exposure during breastfeeding. Physiological changes during pregnancy often result in lower drug exposures of antiretrovirals, and in some cases a risk of reduced virologic efficacy. The International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) network and the World Health Organization (WHO)–convened Pediatric Antiretrovirals Working Group collaboratively organized a workshop of key stakeholders in June 2019 to define key standards to generate pharmacology data for antiretrovirals to be used among pregnant and lactating women; review the antiretroviral product pipeline; describe key gaps for use in low-income and middle-income countries; and identify opportunities to undertake optimal studies allowing for rapid implementation in the clinical field. We discussed ethical and regulatory principles, systemic approaches to obtaining data for pregnancy pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies, control groups, optimal sampling times during pregnancy, and pharmacokinetic parameters to be considered as primary end points in pregnancy PK/PD studies. For lactation studies, the type of milk to collect, ascertainment of maternal adherence, and optimal PK methods to estimate exposure were discussed. Participants strongly recommended completion of preclinical reproductive toxicology studies prior to phase III, to allow study protocols to include pregnant women or to allow women who become pregnant after enrolment to continue in the trial. The meeting concluded by developing an algorithm for design and interpretation of results and noted that recruitment of pregnant and lactating women into clinical trials is critical

eEdad 40Ar/39Ar para la biota de plantas, anuros e insectos del Eoceno Temprano de Pampa de Jones (Formación Huitrera, provincia del Neuquén, Argentina)

The Pampa de Jones fossil site, a stratigraphically isolated roadcut near the northeastern shore of Nahuel Huapi Lake in Neuquén Province, Argentina, holds a rich fossil biota including a macroflora, a microflora, insects, and most famously, an ontogenetic series of pipid frogs. The site exposes tuffaceous mudstone and sandstone beds of probable lacustrine origin, considered to belong to the volcanic Huitrera Formation. However, there have been no reliable age constraints for the fossil assemblage. We undertook laser fusion analyses of sanidine and biotite crystals occurring in a tuff layer found 4.4 m above the main fossil horizon. Twentyeight sanidine crystals yielded an 40ArZ39Ar age of 54.24 ± 0.45 Ma that is preferred over our biotite age of 53.64 ± 0.35 Ma. Pampa de Jones is thus the oldest well-dated Eocene fossil site in Patagonia, predating two other recently 40Ar/39Ar-dated sites: Laguna del Hunco (51.91 ± 0.22 Ma) and Rio Pichileufu (47.46 ± 0.05 Ma). The improved age control makes possible a finer scale of evolutionary hypothesis testing and turnover analysis in the region. The age is concordant with the site's placement in the Huitrera Formation and a depositional origin related to Early Paleogene arc volcanism, and it correlates to an interval of significant climate fluctuations following the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. ©Asociación Paleontológica Argentina.La localidad de Pampa de Jones es un afloramiento estratigráficamente aislado, cercano a la costa noreste del Lago Nahuel Huapi en la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina. Contiene una rica biota fósil que incluye macroflora, microflora, insectos y una reconocida serie ontogenética de pípidos. La secuencia estratigráfica consiste de fangolitas y areniscas tufáceas de probable origen lacustre, asignada a la Formación Huitrera. La ausencia de datos geocronológicos directos ha impedido la estimación de edades confiables para esta paleobiota. En este trabajo se analizan por fusión láser los cristales de sanidina y biotita presentes en un nivel de toba ubicado a 4.4 m por encima del principal horizonte fosilífero. Veintiocho cristales de sanidina arrojaron una edad 40Ar/39Ar de 54.24 ± 0.45 Ma, la cual se prefiere a la edad de 53.64 ± 0.35 Ma estimada a partir de la biotita. La biota de Pampa de Jones es la más antigua del Eoceno de Patagonia datada radiométricamente, y precede a las dos localidades Eocenas datadas en la región: Laguna del Hunco (51.91 ± 0.22 Ma) y Río Pichileufú (47.46 ± 0.05 Ma). El control cronológico ajustado permitirá evaluar hipótesis evolutivas y analizar recambios en la región con una mayor resolución temporal. La edad obtenida concuerda con la ubicación de la secuencia dentro de la Formación Huitrera y con el origen de los depósitos asociados al volcanismo de arco del Paleógeno temprano, y se correlaciona con un lapso de significativas fluctuaciones climáticas ocurridas con posterioridad al pasaje Paleoceno-Eoceno.Fil: Wilf, Peter. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Singer, Brad S.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Zamaloa, María del Carmen. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Johnson, Kirk R.. Denver Museum of Nature & Science; Estados UnidosFil: Cúneo, Néstor Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentin