The performance of GridPix detectors

A GridPix detector is a gaseous detector capable of detecting individual single primary electrons from ionizing particles. Such a detector consists of a pixel chip as active anode covered with a thin layer of silicon rich silicon nitride (SiRN) for protection against discharges, an integrated amplification grid (InGrid), applied on top of the chip by wafer post processing techniques, and a cathode plane. The drift region is between the grid and cathode while the gas gain occurs between the chip and the grid. The discharge quenching properties of the SiRN layer have been determined as well as the relation on grid capacitance, grid voltage and gas mixture. Part of the detectors in this report were of the type Gossip, a GridPix detector with a drift gap of ∼1 mm. Using such thin drift layer, one may consider this detector as a replacement for a silicon pixel detector. The performance of three Gossip detectors has been investigated by measurements in a test beam at CERN

What Market Measures in the Future CAP after 2013? Study producer for DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Market measures for new post-2013 CAP must help EU agriculture to cope with a different set of challenges than were relevant in the past. Pro-active market measures are preferred to re-active measures. Governments should help private markets to offer farmers the widest choice of instruments, and intervene only when these fail. This report focuses on market measures that the European Commission should consider, including market management instruments, such as storage or border protection, risk and crises management, rules to improve markets’ functioning or food access. Although not directly related with post-2013 market measures, the report makes a number of suggestions about the EU’s role in world food markets. It is suggested that the EU should take a leading role in making world food markets more transparent, creating effective market intelligence mechanisms, and reinforcing the regulatory mechanisms of commodities markets

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Contains fulltext : 84338.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)21 p