Određivanje teških metala u zemljištu i biomasi primenom potenciometrijske striping analize

In this paper the determination of lead, cadmium and zinc in soil and biomass was performed using potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA). In order to establish the optimal experimental conditions for PSA of Pb, Cd and Zn, the influence of pH value, time of metals extraction, stirring rate of the solution and the thickness of the mercury layer, as the working electrode, was investigated. The influence of mentioned parameters was tested for individual and simultaneous metals determination. The achieved limits of determination of single ions were for: lead 22.5 μg dm-3, cadmium 16.2 μg dm-3 and zinc 18.8 μg dm-3. The obtained results deviated from the expected for 1.1%, 1.9% and 1.8%, for lead, cadmium and zinc, respectively. For simultaneous determination, the method is tested using the ions contents as follows: 45.0 μg dm-3 for lead, 32.5 μg dm-3 for cadmium and 37.5 μg dm-3 for zinc. The relative errors for simultaneous determination were: 4.6% for lead, 1.9% for cadmium and 1.9% for zinc. For the established optimal conditions, except for lead, deviations did not exceed ±2%. It is shown that potentiometric stripping analysis is usable for individual and simultaneous determination of lead, cadmium and zinc in soil and biomass.U ovom radu je opisana primena potenciometrijske striping analize (PSA) za određivanje olova, kadmijuma i cinka u uzorcima zemljišta i biomase. U cilju utvrđivanja optimalnih eksperimentalnih uslova ispitivan je uticaj pH vrednosti rastvora, vremena izdvajanja metala iz rastvora, brzine mešanja rastvora i debljine filma žive, kao radne elektrode. Uticaj ovih parametara je ispitan za pojedinačno i istovremeno određivanje analiziranih metala. Postignute granice kvantifikacije pojedinačnih određivanja su za: olovo 22.5 μg dm-3, kadmijum 16.2 μg dm-3 i cink 18.8 μg dm-3. Dobiveni rezultati odstupaju od očekivanih vrednosti 1.1%, 1.9% i 1.8%, za olovo, kadmijum i cink, respektivno. Pri istovremenom određivanju sva tri ispitivana jona, metoda je testirana pri sledećim koncentracijama: 45.0 μg dm-3 za olovo, 32.5 μg dm-3 za kadmijum i 37.5 μg dm-3 za cink. Relativne greške simultanog određivanja su bile: 4.6% za olovo, 1.9% za kadmijum i 1.9% za cink. Obzirom da greške određivanja ne prelaze ±2%, osim za olovo, dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se PSA može primeniti i za istovremeno određivanje sadržaja olova, kadmijuma i cinka u zemljištu i biomasi

Determination of poor outcome and therapeutic procedures in preterm newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage

Kod preterminske novorođenčadi, mnogi faktori povećavaju rizik od slabog neuronskog razvoja, intaraventrikularnih krvarenja, infekcije i dovode do veće stope mortaliteta. Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja, bila je evaluacija faktora rizika koji su povezani sa lošim ishodom kod preterminske novorođenčadi koji su imali posthemoragični hidrocefalus (PHH) i koji su bili podvrgnuti neurohirurškoj intervenciji. Sekundarni cilj je bio da se identifikuju prediktori za nastanak kasne neonatalne sepse. Metodologija. Retrospektivno su analizirana preterminska novorođenčad koji su podvrgnuti inserciji VP šanta ili Ommaya rezervoara, tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda u Univerzitetskoj dečjoj klinici. Prema prisustvu ili odsustvu kasne neonatalne sepse, pacijenti su podeljeni na grupu sa kasnom neonatalnom sepsom (KNS) i u grupu bez sepse ne-KNS. Rezultati. U studiju je uključeno ukupno 74 pacijenta, u KNS grupi (35 slučajeva, 47.3%) i ne-KNS grupi (39 slučajeva, 52.7%). Koristeći multivarijantnu logističku regresiju, identifikovali smo da je ductus atreriosus persistens (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.13-1.42, p < 0.000), bronhopulmonalna displazija (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.53, p = 0.003), i pneumotoraks (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.61, p < 0.001) nezavisni faktori rizika za letalan ishod, a da su srednja vrednost laktata>2 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21, p=0.002), reanimacija posle rođenja (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.36-1.92, p=0.000) i pol (OR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.04-1.47, p=0.015) nezavisni faktori rizika za razvoj KNS-a. Zaključak. Neurohirurški zahvati su relativno bezbedni kod novorođenčadi sa PHH bez KNS-a nakon rođenja. Međutim, ako je prisutna KNS, duktus arteriosus persistens, bronhoplumonalna displazija i pneumotoraks značajno povećavaju rizik za letalni ishod posle operacije. Srednja vrednost laktata>2, reanimacija posle rođenja i pol su nezavisni faktori rizika za razvoj KNS-a kod preterminske novorođenčadi.Preterm newborns, due to many factors are at increased risk for poor neural development, intraventricular hemorrhages, infections and higher rate of mortality. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with poor outcome in preterm neonates with late onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) who had posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and underwent neurosurgical procedures. Secondary outcome was to identify predictors for LONS. Methods. Preterm neonates who had undergone insertion of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt or Ommaya reservoir, during the 10-year period at University Children’s Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence or absence of late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS), patients were divided into LONS group and non-LONS group. Results. A total of 74 patients, were included in the study, in LONS group (35 cases, 47.3%) and non-LOS group (39 cases, 52.7%). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis we identified that the ductus arteriosus persistent (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.13-1.42, p < 0.000), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.53, p = 0.003), and pneumothorax (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.61, p < 0.001) were independent preoperative risk factors for lethal outcome, and the mean value of lactate >2 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04- 1.21, p=0.002), resuscitation after birth (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.36-1.92, p=0.000) and gender (OR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.04-1.47, p=0.015) are the independent risk factors for the development of LONS. Conclusion. Neurosurgical procedures are relatively safe in neonates with PHH without LONS after birth. However, if LONS is present, ductus arteriosus persistent, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pneumothorax markedly increase the risk for a lethal outcome after the operation. The mean value of lactate>2, resuscitation after birth and gender are independent risk factors for the development of LONS in preterm infants

Racism and Patriarchy in the Meaning of Motherhood

The catalytic abilities of a gold electrode were tested for the quantitative determination of amphetamine (A) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) standards by their oxidation using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The values of the oxidative currents of A and MDMA standards at 0.80 V vs. SCE in 0.05 M NaHCO3 at a scan rate of 50 mV s-1 were linear functions of the concentration in range of 110.9-258.9 μM and 38.7-229.2 μM, respectively. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) revealed a linear increase of current with the concentration of MDMA (range 30.9-91.6 μM), which enabled the quantitative determination of amphetamine derivates. SWV analysis was also successfully performed in spiked urine samples. A and MDMA in the presence of sucrose and as a content in illegally produced tablets were also determined. The voltammetric determinations of A and MDMA derivatives using CV and SWV at gold a electrode are rapid, selective and simple procedures and their accuracy was confirmed with a reference method, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis of spiked urine samples offers an additional possibility for the rapid detection of A and MDMA in human urine.Katalitička svojstva elektrode od zlata su testirana za kvantitativno određivanje amfetamina (A) i 3,4-metilendioksi-N-metilamfetamina (MDMA) standarda. Elektroksidacija A i MDMA je praćena cikličnom voltametrijom (CV). Vrednost oksidativnog pika A i MDMA standarda je linearna funkcija koncentracija u opsegu 110,9-258,9 μM (A) i 38,7-229,2 μM (MDMA). Voltametrija sa pravougaonim impulsima (SWV) je pokazala linearnu zavisnost struja od koncentracija za MDMA standard (u opsegu: 30,9-91,6 μM) kao i u spajkovanim uzorcima humanog urina. Uspešno je analiziran i sadržaj A i MDMA u ilegalno proizvedenim tabletama. Voltametrijsko određivanje A i MDMA derivata uz pomoć CV i SWV na elektrodi od zlata je brza, selektivna i jednostavna procedura. Analiza spajkovanih uzoraka urina nudi dodatnu mogućnost za brzu detekciju A i MDMA u humanom urinu

Influence of gaseous laser in continuous-wave and pulse regimes on biomaterial characteristics

Aromatic plants and laser beam wavelength in the red range of visible spectra (623.8 nm), most commonly used for treating plant species, were selected. As there is not much information in the references, it is necessary to set a scale with qualitative and partially quantitative evaluations of the results. Specimens of thyme seed (Thymus vulgaris) were selected as aromatic plants for studying the effect of low-power lasers on plant development, and continuous He-Ne laser, with irradiation times in the range of minutes

Procedural pain management in children of all ages

To summarise the story, procedural pain management does not only have humane aspect in paediatric population, but it also prevents numerous complications, child’s negative attitude in following contacts with medical staff, percentage of chronic pain suffering patients, as well as cost of the treatment itself. Good pain assessment contributes to the prevention and/or early recognition of pain as well as the effective management of pain.When managing procedural pain in infants, older children and adolescents, not only proven analgesic strategies are important, but also suitable preparatory measures that contribute to reduction in anticipatory and procedural anxiety. Families, play therapists, nursing staff, and other team members should be included

MCDM model for critical selection of building and insulation materials for optimising energy usage and environmental effect in production focus

In the context of sustainable buildings, an ecological study of building and insulating materials is critical since it may assist affirm or shift the path of new technology development. Utilising sustainable material is a part of the sustainable improvement. For this reason, material fabrication is the primary process for the energy usage and release of intense environmental gaseous. The fabrication of the insulation and building materials, as in every fabrication process, comprises an energy consumption of crude materials in addition to the pollutants’ release. In buildings, insulation is a relevant technological resolution for cutting energy usage. This study aims to assess the primary energy consumption and the environmental effects of the fabrication of building and thermal isolation materials by using a new hybrid MCDM model. The proposed new hybrid MCDM model includes Fuzzy FUCOM, CCSD and CRADIS methods. While the subjective weights of the criteria were determined with the fuzzy FUCOM method, the objective weights of the criteria were determined with the CCSD method. Construction materials were listed with the CRADIS method. According to the fuzzy FUCOM method, the most important criterion was determined as the CR3 criterion, while the most important criterion according to the CCSD method was determined as the CR1 criterion. According to the combined weights, the most important criterion was determined as the CR3 criterion. According to the CRADIS method, the material with the best performance was determined as Cement Plaster. The methodology used in this study is a novel approach therefore it has not been used in any study before. In addition, since the CRADIS method is a newly developed MCDM method, the number of articles related to this method is low. Therefore, this research gap will be filled with this study