Aromatic plants and laser beam wavelength in the red range of visible spectra (623.8 nm), most commonly used for treating plant species, were selected. As there is not much information in the references, it is necessary to set a scale with qualitative and partially quantitative evaluations of the results. Specimens of thyme seed (Thymus vulgaris) were selected as aromatic plants for studying the effect of low-power lasers on plant development, and continuous He-Ne laser, with irradiation times in the range of minutes

Janićijević, Aco J.

Jevtić, Sanja D.

Mitrović, Nebojša S.

Srećković, Milesa Ž

Stević, Zoran M.

Zarubica, Katarina M.

Zarubica, Veljko S.

English

Aromatic plants and laser beam wavelength in the red range of visible spectra (623.8 nm), most commonly used for treating plant species, were selected. As there is not much information in the references, it is necessary to set a scale with qualitative and partially quantitative evaluations of the results. Specimens of thyme seed (Thymus vulgaris) were selected as aromatic plants for studying the effect of low-power lasers on plant development, and continuous He-Ne laser, with irradiation times in the range of minutes.У овом раду су изабране ароматичне биљке и снопови ласера таласних дужина (623.8 nm), којима су најчешће третиране биљне врсте. Пошто не постоји много података у референцама, потребно је да се резултати поставе у скалу са квалитативним и делимично квантитативним евалуацијама резултата. Као ароматичне биљке и проучавање утицаја ласера ниске снаге на њихов развој, изабрани су узорци семена мајчине душице (Thymus vulgaris) и континуални He-Ne ласер, са временима озрачавања реда минута

Srećković, Milesa Ž.

TechnoRep

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection

УТИЦАЈ ГАСНИХ ЛАСЕРА У КОНТИНУАЛНОМ И ИМПУЛСНОМ РЕЖИМУ НА КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ БИОМАТЕРИЈАЛА

AgroSpace

IN FLU ENCE  OF  GAS EOUS  LA SER  IN  CON TIN U OUS-WAVE  AND PULSE  RE GIMES  ON  BIOMATERIAL  CHAR AC TER IS TICSbySanja D. JEVTI] 1*, Milesa @. SRE]KOVI] 2*, Neboj{a S. MITROVI] 3,Katarina M. ZARUBICA 4, 5, Veljko S. ZARUBICA 6,Aco J. JANI]IJEVI] 7, and Zoran M. STEVI] 8, 21 Acad emy of Tech ni cal and Art Ap plied Stud ies, School of Rail way Trans port, Bel grade, Ser bia2 Fac ulty of Elec tri cal En gi neer ing, Uni ver sity of Bel grade, Bel grade, Ser bia3 Fac ulty of Tech ni cal Sci ences ^a~ak, Uni ver sity of Kragujevac, ^a~ak, Ser bia4 Min is try of Ag ri cul ture, For estry and Wa ter Man age ment of the Re pub lic of Ser bia, Bel grade, Ser bia5 Fac ulty of Ag ri cul ture, Uni ver sity of Bel grade, Belgrade, Ser bia6 Anal y sis doo, Lab o ra tory of Cal i bra tion and Val i da tion, Bel grade, Ser bia7 Fac ulty of Tech nol ogy and Met al lurgy, Bel grade, Ser bia8 Tech ni cal Fac ulty Bor, Uni ver sity of Bel grade, Bor, Ser biaSci en tific pa perhttps://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP2301059JAr o matic plants and la ser beam wave length in the red range of vis i ble spec tra (623.8 nm),most com monly used for treat ing plant spe cies, were se lected. As there is not much in for ma -tion in the ref er ences, it is nec es sary to set a scale with qual i ta tive and par tially quan ti ta tiveeval u a tions of the re sults. Spec i mens of thyme seed (Thy mus vulgaris) were se lected as ar o -matic plants for study ing the ef fect of low-power la sers on plant de vel op ment, and con tin u -ous He-Ne la ser, with ir ra di a tion times in the range of min utes.Key words: la ser, biomaterial, in ter ac tionIN TRO DUC TION The im pact of la ser on ar o matic plants can be an -a lyzed from mul ti ple per spec tives. Chang ing mor pho -log i cal char ac ter is tics raises many ques tions wheremultidisciplinary work with phar macy and bi ol ogy isre quired, but the first ap proach re quires a pre cisemetrological ap proach since the def i ni tion of dose ofreal beam in ten si ties, ex po sure ge om e try, and pho to -met ric/ra dio met ric con di tions with bio-sys tems re -quire pre cise pa ram e ters and ap proaches. For both rare plant spe cies and wide spread spe cies, these stud iescan have sig nif i cant eco nomic con se quences.The change of prop er ties of or ganic and in or ganic ma te ri als, in clud ing biosystems, can be caused us ingelion tech niques. The the o ret i cal base for the change ofvarious prop er ties of a ma te rial is ac cord ing to se lectedbeam tied to cer tain sci en tific dis ci plines. Since a de vel -oped clas sic the ory ex plain ing in ter ac tion have ex isted,some beam tech niques con nected to nu clear tech nique,elec tronic op tics, bioacoustics, and the in ter ac tion ofelec tro mag netic ra di a tion with ma te rial, be long toprob lems that have had their de cades-long tra di tion [1-3]. The use of la sers for pa ram e ter mod i fi ca tion ismod eled dif fer ently ac cord ing to the type of ma te rial(or ganic, in or ganic, and biosystem), and given that it isa field of re search that has spanned more than half a cen -tury, it has brought many un solved tasks  [4, 5]. For liv -ing sys tems, this is the ter mi nol ogy of biomodulation,biostimulation at the tis sue or sin gle-cell level. A rangeof pos si ble re sults of cer tain ex po sure to la ser beams indif fer ent modes of op er a tion fo cused/unfocused forspe cific con di tions: quan tum gen er a tor and sys tem –the ma te rial ex posed to the la ser beam, is verywide-rang ing from de struc tion to the de sired change inma te rial prop er ties or pro cesses oc cur ring at liv ing or -gan isms  [6-12]. Mod ern re search is look ing for quan ti -fi ca tion as close as pos si ble to real con di tions so thatmore and more re quire ments are set for the metrological ap proach to the op er at ing pa ram e ters that de ter mine thede sired/un de sired re sults. A note should be made thatfrom a ba sic point of view, the ma te rial needs to be seenthrough changes in elec tri cal, mag netic, and di elec tricprop er ties, and that a de fined im ped ance def i ni tion isre quired – i. e., with re sponse func tions, where spe cificelec tri cal con duc tiv ity s, mag netic per me abil ity m, anddi elec tric permittivity e. The def i ni tion and de ter mi na -tion of im ped ance is a com plex is sue not only forbiosystems but also for com plex semi con duc tors,S. D. Jevti}, et al., In flu ence of Gas eous La ser in Con tin u ous-Wave and Pulse ...Nuclear Tech nol ogy & Ra di a tion Pro tec tion: Year 2023, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 59-63 59* Cor re spond ing au thors, e-mail:  sanja.jevtic@vzs.edu.rs                                                                esreckov@etf.bg.ac.rsmultilayer films, etc. and the ques tion arises of how toap proach the mod el ing of a par tic u lar solid-state formwith com plex com po si tion.The ques tion of thresh olds sep a rat ing cer tainranges of pos si ble events/pro cesses is one of the mostim por tant ques tion that fol low the is sue of con tact,coat ing to the thresh old for an as so ci ated elec tric fieldthat will lead to pos i tive or neg a tive re sults of ex po -sure to a fo cused/unfocused co her ent ra di a tion/op er -at ing beam. En rich ment of ex per i men tal work al wayspro vides re li able con clu sions, how ever, when eval u at -ing re sults, one should al ways take into ac count thepo si tion of the treated sys tems on the globe and thetime when ir ra di a tion takes place, even in well-con -trolled lab o ra tory con di tions. In ad di tion, many of theref er ences deal ing with ir ra di a tion of ma jor plant fam -i lies: wheat, corn, beans, spin ach, net tle, alfa-alfa, etc.need to be en riched with new plant fam i lies. The de -vel op ment of new quan tum gen er a tors is also seek ingin for ma tion about dose re sponses up to the limit ofdam age to en ti ties. An other ma jor rea son is to im prove the ef fi ciency of grow ing plant spe cies of which ar o -matic plants are of par tic u lar in ter est [8, 13-15].This pa per deals with one type of ar o matic plantThy mus vulgaris (thyme) and quan ti fi ca tion of ex po -sure to gas eous la sers in the se lected mode of op er a -tion. Spec tro scopic and mor pho log i cal an a lyzes werecho sen as quan ti ta tive in di ca tors of changes in thesam ple prop er ties and ex per i ments with se lectedHe-Ne la ser types and CO2, Ar+:ion, since anal y sis ofre sults, based on quan ti ta tive data ac quired by spec -tros copy and ob ser va tion of mor pho log i cal pa ram e -ters is a good start ing point.The ex per i ments per formed were an a lyzed by sev -eral di ag nos tic meth ods. The pa per pro vides guide linesfor the se lec tion of other meth ods that would com plete aset of traits of in ter est for mon i tor ing and sug gest fur therde sign and con duct of more com plex ex per i ments.MA TE RIAL AND METH ODSThyme (Thy mus vulgaris) is an ar o matic pe ren -nial herb (half bush). Thyme is sown in early spring,with a sow ing depth of 0.5 cm. The plant does not tol -er ate trans plant ing. It is har vested af ter flow er ing.Crop life is 3-5 years. The crops tol er ate drought andfrost. The plant is par tic u larly sen si tive in the ini tialstages of growth. Thyme tea is con sid ered me dic i naland helps with di ges tion and rheu ma tism. Only flow -ers and leaves are used. Ir ra di a tion of thyme sam ples was per formed us inga He-Ne Felas med i cal LA SER HN 12 la ser, 12 mW,con tin u ous-wave (CW). The beam was ex panded by acollimator. Mir rors are avoided dur ing ir ra di a tion, so asnot to cause a change in the po lar iza tion of the in ci dentbeam, fig. 1 [4]. Most com mer cial la ser beams have aGaussi an in ten sity pro file, and the ap pli ca tion of thecollimator has par tially bal anced the cen tral and pe riph -eral sec tions of the beam. This al lows the power den sitytrans mit ted to the sam ple to be more uni form in all partsof the ves sel, hold ing the grain sam ples. Dur ing the ex -per i ment, care was taken to min i mize the ef fects of par a -site ab sorp tion and re flec tion.In this pa per were pre sented only sam plesgrouped into four sets with cho sen pa ram e ters of ir ra -di a tion and la ser type. The first set is a set of con trolgrains, which were not ex posed to the la ser beam. Thesec ond, third, and fourth sets were ir ra di ated with ex -po sure times of 1, 3, and 5 min utes.RE SULTS AND DIS CUS SIONDue to the size of the ir ra di a tion ves sel (grainholder), the num ber of grains in the ir ra di ated grain groups is much smaller than the num ber of seeds in the con trolgroups. The seeds were planted in pots of the same sizewith the same vol ume of soil and the same type of soil. Ev -ery two days, wa ter ing was done with 40 ml of wa ter each. From day 16 of plant ing, 40 ml of wa ter was used each day for wa ter ing. The av er age room tem per a ture was kept at20-25 °C. Plants were ex posed to day light dur ing the dayand ar ti fi cial light ing dur ing the night. For ease of la bel ingand ref er enc ing, groups will be re ferred to fur ther in thepa per as e. g. thyme 3 min utes (MD 3 min ute), de not ingthe plants sprouted from thyme seeds, which were ir ra di -ated with a He-Ne la ser for 3 min utes be fore plant ing. Thegrains were planted in the soil at a depth of 5 mm.The seeds ger mi nated af ter 3 days. The firstheight mea sure ment starts from day 7. Plant growthdata whose seeds were ir ra di ated with a He-Ne la ser ispre sented in tab. 1. On the 19th day of plant ing, the ap -pear ance of a sec ond pair of leaves was ob served insam ples, namely:S. D. Jevti}, et al., In flu ence of Gas eous La ser in Con tin u ous-Wave and Pulse ...60 Nuclear Tech nol ogy & Ra di a tion Pro tec tion: Year 2023, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 59-63Fig ure 1. Sys tem ge om e try for ir ra di a tion of thyme grain sam ples– MD con trol – no leaves, – MD 1 minute – leaves (just in the budding), – MD 3 min ute – leaves (vis i ble, clearly ex pressed) and– MD 5 minute – leaves (vis i ble, clearly ex pressed).With the vi sual (sub jec tive) ob ser va tion of theMD sam ples, it is noted that the leaves of all plantslook the same.Dur ing the ex per i ment, key phe nom ena in plantgrowth and de vel op ment were mon i tored: sprout ing,grow ing (height), and form ing a sec ond pair of leaves,fig. 2.Fig ure 3. shows the com par a tive growth of allgroups of plants.The in di vid ual growth of plants by groups wasfit ted by one of the Boltzmann-type mod i fied curvesya bex c d=-++-1 exp ( ) /(1)where a, b, c, d, and e were pa ram e ters ob tainedthrough  the pro cess  of  fit ting, and shown in figs. 4-6(e not be ing an ex po nent).This curve cor re sponds well to the dy nam ics ofplant growth. The fit ting graphs of the Boltzmanncurve are shown with some fit ting pa ram e ters in figs.4-6. Control group of the thyme seed, group treated for 3 min utes and group treated for 5 min utes. The con trolgroup and group treated for 1 min ute did not cor re -spond ide ally to the se lected func tion due to the dry ingof part of the plants (al ready shown as re duc tion ofgroup height), fig. 3.In our pre vi ous work pulse la sers were also usedas well as la sers in cw work ing re gime. Gen er ally, if theaim is to cause mod u la tion pro cesses CW la ser (atomicS. D. Jevti}, et al., In flu ence of Gas eous La ser in Con tin u ous-Wave and Pulse ...Nuclear Tech nol ogy & Ra di a tion Pro tec tion: Year 2023, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 59-63 61Ta ble 1. Growth of plants whose seeds are ir ra di atedwith a He-Ne la serThymeThy mus vulgarisCon trol group 1 minute 3 minute 5 minuteh[mm]7th day 33 28 25 2511th day 45 35 32 3219th day 38* 45 42 4437th day 28 31** 55 51*  On the 16th day-most of the con trol stem plants have dried....(from this day, the plants are wa tered daily with 40 ml per pot).**On the 30th day-most thyme plants 1 minute dried.                           Fig ure 2. The lay out of plants on day 21st from plant ing sprouted from the thyme;                           (a) con trol group seed, (b) group of seed treated for 1 min ute,                           (c) group of seed treated for 3 min utes, and (d) group of seed treated for 5 min utesand mo lec u lar) and semi con duc tor la ser were used inmW power range. Namely the range is 1-15 mW (ap -prox i mately) and re lated to the size of the sam ple, thebeam was ex panded from la ser spot size to needed area(10-20 cm2). Pulse la sers were used to dam age thebiosamples (ruby la ser – leaves). These types of la serwould cer tainly dam age the grain se lected in this pa per.CON CLU SIONSFor thyme seeds ir ra di ated with the He-Ne la ser,plant growth was mon i tored and mor pho log i cal pa -ram e ters were mea sured. Growth curves weregrouped by char ac ter is tic pa ram e ters. In thyme plants, emerged from con trol and He-Ne la ser treated seed for1 min ute, dry ing of the groups of the in di vid ual plantwas ob served. This for mally led to a de crease inheight. The growth of plants sprouted from the con trolseed   was  the   fast est  in  the  be gin ning,  fol lowed  by1 minute treated seed. Growth of the seed treated for 3min utes and 5 min utes, was the same, in the be gin ning. The sig nif i cant dif fer ence be tween the groups was ob -served in plants sprouted from the seed of thymetreated with He-Ne. More de tailed: plants thatemerged from the con trol seed were the group with thehigh est height in the be gin ning (day 10), sec ond wasthe plant group treated for 1 min ute, third the plantgroup marked as 3 min utes, and fi nally 5 min utes.Note that the FTIR spec tra of these sam ples of thyme(for all four sub groups – con trol, 1 min ute, 3 min utes,and 5 min utes) have shown that max ima ap peared ingroups with small wave num ber shifts.De spite the large num ber of the o ret i cal and ex -per i men tal ap proaches and data ob tained, a large num -ber of spe cific sce nario mea sure ments and stud ies arestill re quired. Par al lel tech niques are ex pected to con -firm the re sults or to point out the di ver sity of mea sure -ment meth ods of the same val ues across dis ci plines.S. D. Jevti}, et al., In flu ence of Gas eous La ser in Con tin u ous-Wave and Pulse ...62 Nuclear Tech nol ogy & Ra di a tion Pro tec tion: Year 2023, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 59-63Fig ure 3. Plant height of thyme groups per dayFig ure 4. The growth curve of plants sprouted from thecon trol thyme seedFig ure 6. The growth curve of plants sprouted fromthyme seeds ir ra di ated for 5 min utes with a He-Ne la serFig ure 5. The growth curve of plants sprouted fromthyme grains ir ra di ated for 3 min utes with a He-Ne la serThis only high lights the com plex ity of the ory, cal cu -lus, mea sure ment, and soft ware pack ages (dif fer entsoft ware) that ac com pany this prob lem.AU THORS' CON TRI BU TIONSThe the o ret i cal anal y sis, ex per i ments, and orig i -nal draft were car ried out by S. D. Jevti}, M. Z.Sreckovi}, and N. S. Mitrovi}. The bi o log i cal as pectsof the pa per were done by K. M. Zarubica.Metrological and instrumentational as pects of the pa -per were the re spon si bil ity of V. S. Zarubica, A. J.Janicijevi} and Z. M. Stevi}. All au thors an a lyzed anddis cussed the re sults.REF ER ENCES[1] Jevti}, S., et al., Some The o ret i cal and Ex per i men talFacts Con cern ing La ser In ter ac tion with Ma te rial ofBi o log i cal Or i gin, Coun cil for In no va tive Re search,Jour nal of Ad vances in Bio tech nol ogy, 5 (2015), 1,pp. 534-551[2] Jevti}, S. D., et al., La ser In flu ence to Biosystems,Chem. In dus try, 69 (2015), 4, pp. 433-441[3] Babi}, S., De ter mi na tions of Op ti cal Char ac ter is ticsand Pro cess ing of Some Or ganic and In or ganic Ma te -ri als with Co her ent and In co her ent Pho tons Beams,M. Sc. thesis, Fac ulty of Elec tri cal En gi neer ing Bel -grade Uni ver sity, Bel grade, Ser bia, 2005[4] Jevti}, S., Ap pli ca tions of La ser Tech niques for De -ter mi na tion of Op ti cal Pa ram e ters of Ma te ri als, Ph. D. the sis, Fac ulty of Tech ni cal Sci ences  ̂ a~ak, Uni ver -sity of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Ser bia, 2016[5] Babi}, S., et al., In flu ence of Co her ent Ra di a tion toBioorganizms and Biosystems (in Ser bian), Pro ceed -ings, XLVIII Conf. ETRAN, ^a~ak, Ser bia, III(2014), pp. 191-194[6] Sre}kovi}, M., et al., The In flu ence of Di ode andHe-Ne La sers on Corn and Wheat Seeds, Jour nal ofAg ri cul tural Sci ence and Tech nol ogy B, 4 (2014), 3,pp. 165-175[7] Sre}kovi}, M., et al., In flu ence of La ser Beams toBioorganisms and Thresh olds (in Ser bian), Pro ceed -ings, XXII Simposium of Yougoslav So ci ety for Ra di a -tion Pro tec tion, Petrovac na moru, 2003, pp. 415-419[8] Bojani}, S., Sre}kovi}, M., La ser Ap pli ca tions inBiostimulation, Di ag nos tics and Pro cess ing of Me dic i -nal and Ar o matic Plants, Pro ceed ings, 1st Conf. on Med -i cal and Ar o matic Plants of South-East Eu ro pean Coun -tries, Arandjelovac, Ser bia, 2000, pp. 207-212 [9] Hosgood, B., et al., Leaf Op ti cal Prop er ties Ex per i -ment (LOPEX93), Joint Re search Cen tre, Eu ro peanCom mis sion, In sti tute for Re mote Sens ing Ap pli ca -tion, Re port EUR 16095 EN, 1994[10] Jacquemod, S.,http://opticleaf.ipgp.fr/in dex.php?page=da ta base,Da ta bases [on line], 2011[11] Sre}kovi}, M., et al., La ser In flu ence and Ap pli ca tion toBiosystems, Or gan isms and Cells, Pro ceed ings, La sers2001, pp. 323-330, (Eds. V. J. Corcoran, T. A.Corcoran), SoQue, STSPress, McLean, Tuc son, Ariz.,USA, 2002[12] Živkovi}, M. M., et al., In flu ence of Elec tro mag neticand Nu clear Ra di a tion in Med i cine for Ther apy and Di -ag no sis Through Pro cesses, Facts and Sta tis ti cal Anal y -sis, Nucl Technol Radiat, 32 (2017), 1, pp. 91-98[13] Sre}kovi}, M.,  et al., Photoinduced Pro cesses, Ra di -a tion In ter ac tion with Ma te rial and Dam ages – Ma te -rial Hard ness, Nucl Technol Radiat, 30 (2015), 1, pp.23-34[14] Djoki}, D., et al., In flu ence of Pre-Sow ing He-Ne andSemi con duc tor La ser Stim u la tion on Sainfoin SeedGer mi na tion Four and Eight Months Sost-Har vest,Jour nal of Plant and An i mal Sci ence, 27 (2017), 3, pp. 894-900[15] Sre}kovi}, M., et al., Ap pli ca tion of Light Scat ter ingin Biomedicine, Vet er i nary Med i cine and Drug Pro -duc tion, Pro ceed ings, La sers 97, pp. 533-540, (Eds.V. J. Corcoran and T. Goldman), SoQUE, STS Press,Mc Lean, 1998Re ceived on Feb ru ary 7, 2023Ac cepted on June 19, 2023S. D. Jevti}, et al., In flu ence of Gas eous La ser in Con tin u ous-Wave and Pulse ...Nuclear Tech nol ogy & Ra di a tion Pro tec tion: Year 2023, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 59-63 63Sawa D. JEVTI], Milesa @. SRE]KOVI], Neboj{a S. MITROVI],Katarina M. ZARUBICA, Veqko S. ZARUBICA,Aco J. JANI]IJEVI], Zoran M. STEVI]UTICAJ  GASNIH  LASERA  U  KONTINUALNOM  I  IMPULSNOMRE@IMU  NA  KARAKTERISTIKE  BIOMATERIJALAU ovom radu su izabrane aromati~ne biqke i snopovi lasera talasnih du`ina (623.8 nm),kojima su naj~e{}e tretirane biqne vrste. Po{to ne postoji mnogo podataka u referencama,potrebno je da se rezultati postave u skalu sa kvalitativnim i delimi~no kvantitativnimevaluacijama rezultata. Kao aromati~ne biqke i prou~avawe uticaja lasera niske snage na wihovrazvoj, izabrani su uzorci semena maj~ine du{ice (Thy mus vulgaris) i  kontinualni He-Ne la ser, savremenima ozra~avawa reda minuta. Kqu~ne re~i: la ser, biomaterijal, interakcija

Influence of gaseous laser in continuous-wave and pulse regimes on biomaterial characteristics

http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/123456789/6431/1/INFLUENCE_OF_GASEOUS_pub_2023.pdf

Influence of gaseous laser in continuous-wave and pulse regimes on biomaterial characteristics

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

TechnoRep

AgroSpace