Racism and Patriarchy in the Meaning of Motherhood

Abstract

The catalytic abilities of a gold electrode were tested for the quantitative determination of amphetamine (A) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) standards by their oxidation using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The values of the oxidative currents of A and MDMA standards at 0.80 V vs. SCE in 0.05 M NaHCO3 at a scan rate of 50 mV s-1 were linear functions of the concentration in range of 110.9-258.9 μM and 38.7-229.2 μM, respectively. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) revealed a linear increase of current with the concentration of MDMA (range 30.9-91.6 μM), which enabled the quantitative determination of amphetamine derivates. SWV analysis was also successfully performed in spiked urine samples. A and MDMA in the presence of sucrose and as a content in illegally produced tablets were also determined. The voltammetric determinations of A and MDMA derivatives using CV and SWV at gold a electrode are rapid, selective and simple procedures and their accuracy was confirmed with a reference method, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis of spiked urine samples offers an additional possibility for the rapid detection of A and MDMA in human urine.Katalitička svojstva elektrode od zlata su testirana za kvantitativno određivanje amfetamina (A) i 3,4-metilendioksi-N-metilamfetamina (MDMA) standarda. Elektroksidacija A i MDMA je praćena cikličnom voltametrijom (CV). Vrednost oksidativnog pika A i MDMA standarda je linearna funkcija koncentracija u opsegu 110,9-258,9 μM (A) i 38,7-229,2 μM (MDMA). Voltametrija sa pravougaonim impulsima (SWV) je pokazala linearnu zavisnost struja od koncentracija za MDMA standard (u opsegu: 30,9-91,6 μM) kao i u spajkovanim uzorcima humanog urina. Uspešno je analiziran i sadržaj A i MDMA u ilegalno proizvedenim tabletama. Voltametrijsko određivanje A i MDMA derivata uz pomoć CV i SWV na elektrodi od zlata je brza, selektivna i jednostavna procedura. Analiza spajkovanih uzoraka urina nudi dodatnu mogućnost za brzu detekciju A i MDMA u humanom urinu