Rationale for implementation of automated information system for manufacturer customer support

The article provides a rationale for the use of an automated support system for users of information services of engineering and commercial department of a manufacturing company for more efficient use of IT infrastructureВ статье приводится обоснование необходимости применения автоматизированной системы поддержки пользователей информационных услуг инженерно-коммерческого департамента производственной компании для более эффективного использования ИТ – инфраструктур

Расчет шага почвообрабатывающей фрезы с зубцеобразной формой

The high energy intensity associated with rotary tillage of soil serves as a deterrent for its widespread use. Rotary tillers are used in cases when there are no alternatives as to the soil quality, especially when machining hard and sod-covered soils. The authors have described new modernized rotary tillers of a serrated type and considered the optimal location of knives relative to the drum. (Research purpose) To determine the relationships for calculating the pitch of a serrated-type rotary tiller for soil preparation before potato planting. (Materials and methods) The authors have noted that currently, there are no methods for selecting the main parameters and operation modes of serrated-type rotary tillers. The research has proved that a new approach is required for selecting the working surface profile of the rotary tiller knife in order to reduce the energy consumption of tillage and improve its quality. The authors have used mathematical and graphical calculations to determine the optimal pitch of the tiller foot. (Results and discussion) The paper presents an expression for determining the amount of soil loosening during the operation of rotary tillers. It has been calculated that an increase in the tillage depth from 0.10 to 0.15 meters results in an increase in the pitch of a tiller foot from 0.04 to 0.06 meters and the optimal value is 0.05 meters. For approximate engineering calculations, it has been assumed that the optimal parameter of a foot pitch is 0.25-0.45 of the knife loading value. (Conclusions) It has been found that the number of knives in one section and the operating width of a knife do not affect the optimal tooth pitch. It has been determined that this indicator linearly depends on the depth of tillage: as it increases by 0.05 meters, the optimal foot step increases by 0.025 meters. It has been shown that as the working speed of the rotary tiller increases, specific energy consumption required for the treatment of a furrow slice decreases, and the efficiency of soil tillage improves.Высокая энергоемкость фрезерования почв служит сдерживающим фактором их широкого применения. Фрезы применяют в тех случаях, когда нет альтернативы по качеству обработки, особенно тяжелых и задернелых почв. Показали, что модернизированные почвообрабатывающие фрезы имеют зубцеобразную форму. Рассмотрели вопросы оптимального расположения ножей относительно барабана. (Цель исследований) Получить зависимости для расчета шага зубцеобразной фрезы почвообрабатывающей машины для предпосадочной обработки почвы перед посадкой картофеля. (Материалы и методы) Отметили отсутствие методик при выборе основных параметров и режимов работы почвообрабатывающих фрез с зубцеобразной формой. Подтвердили необходимость нового подхода в выборе профиля рабочей поверхности ножа фрезы с целью уменьшения энергоемкости фрезерования и улучшения качества обработки. Использовали математические и графические расчеты для определения оптимального шага ступни. (Результаты и обсуждение) Представили выражение для определения объема рыхления почвы при работе почвообрабатывающих фрез. Рассчитали, что с увеличением глубины обработки почвы от 0,10 до 0,15 метра шаг ступни повышается с 0,04 до 0,06 метра и оптимально составляет 0,05 метра. Для ориентировочных инженерных расчетов приняли, что оптимальный  параметр шага ступни равен 0,25-0,45 от значения подачи на нож. (Выводы) Установили, что количество ножей в одной секции и ширина захвата ножа не влияют на величину оптимального шага зубьев. Определили, что этот показатель линейно зависит от глубины обработки почвы: с ее увеличением на 0,05 метра оптимальный шаг ступни возрастает на 0,025 метра. Показали, что с увеличением рабочей скорости фрезы уменьшаются удельные затраты энергии на обработку пласта, а эффективность обработки почвы улучшается

РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ПРОЯВАМИ СИНДРОМУ ДИСПЛАЗІЇ СПОЛУЧНОЇТКАНИНИ

50 children in the age of from 12 till 17years are surveyed. All children have been divided into 3 groups. The first group included 22 children with an easy degree of weight of hypermobility of joints. The second group included 16 children with the moderate degree of hypermobility of joints. Into the third group have entered practically healthy 12 children who have made control group. Complexes of the exercises used in complex treatment of children with hypermobility of joints are in detail described. Efficiency of these complexes is established. They allow to strengthen support - motor apparatus impellent device and to prevent progressing hypermobility of joints.Обследовано 50 детей в возрасте от 12 до 17 лет. Все дети были разделены на 3 группы. В первую группу вошло 22 детей с легкой степенью тяжести гипермобильности суставов. Во вторую группу вошло 16 детей с умеренной степенью гипермобильности суставов. В третью группу вошло 12 практически здоровых детей, составивших контрольную группу. Подробно описаны комплексы упражнений, использованных в комплексном лечении детей с гипермобильностью суставов. Установлена эффективность этих комплексов. Они позволяют укрепить опорно - двигательный аппарат й предотвратить прогрессирование гипермобильности суставов.Обстежено 50 дітей у віці від 12 до 17 років. Усі діти були розділені на 3 групи. У першу групу ввійшло 22 дітей з легким ступенем ваги гіпермобільності суглобів. В другу групу ввійшло 16 дітей з помірним ступенем гіпермобільності суглобів. У третю групу ввійшло 12 практично здорових дітей, що склали контрольну групу. Докладно описані комплекси вправ, використаних у комплексному лікуванні дітей з гіпермобільністю суглобів. Встановлено ефективність цих комплексів. Вони дозволяють зміцнити опорно – руховий апарат і запобігти прогресуванню гіпермобільності суглобів

Cosmic ray measurements in the atmosphere at several latitudes in October, 2014

Cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere were recorded during balloon flights in October 2014 in northern Murmansk region, Apatity (Russia; 67o33’N, 33o24’E), in Antarctica (observatory Mirny; 66o33’S, 93o00’E), in Moscow (Russia; 55o45’N, 37o37’E), in Reading (United King-dom; 51o27’N, 0o 58’W), in Mitzpe-Ramon (Israel; 30o36’N, 34o48’E) and in Zaragoza (Spain; 41o9’N, 0o54’W). Two type of cosmic ray detectors were used, namely, (1) the standard ra-diosonde and its modification constructed at the Lebedev Physical Institute (Moscow, Russia) and (2) the device manufactured at the Reading University (Reading, United Kingdom). We compare and analyze obtained data and focus on the estimation of the cosmic ray latitudinal effect in the atmosphere

Launch of solar coronal mass ejections and submillimeter pulse bursts

The rapid solar spikes (100-500 ms) recently discovered at submillimeter waves bring new possibilities to investigate energetic processes near the solar surface that might have an important role in the launch and propelling of ionized mass away from the Sun. We present a study on the association between the launch time of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the LASCO instruments on the SOHO spacecraft and the onset of the new kind of rapid solar spikes (100-500 ms) observed at submillimetric waves (212 and 405 GHz) by the new Solar Submm-wave Telescope (SST). We investigated six submm-wave events, all found associated to CMEs. Seven related CME were identified. Five of them were associated with flares with large GOES class soft X-rays, presenting distinct time histories and associations at other energy ranges, and two of them were related to flares behind the solar limb, with simultaneous related activity observed in the visible solar disk. Ultraviolet images from EIT on SOHO show some kind of small or large-scale magnetic activity or brightening for all events. The extrapolation of apparent CME positions to the solar surface show that they occurred nearly coincident in time with the onset of submm-wave pulses for all six events. These results suggest that pulse bursts might be representative of an important early signature of CMEs, especially for events beginning near the center of the solar disk, sometimes identified as "halo" CMEs. They lead to several challenging questions relative to the physical nature of the pulses and its association to the launch and acceleration of coronal mass ejections. Although these evidences may favor multiple rapid energy releases at the origin near the solar surface, they require further research in order to better understand both diagnostics and model descriptions.Fil: Kaufmann, Pierre. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: De Castro, C. Guillermo Giménez. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Makhmutov, Vladimir S.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Brasil. The Russian Academy Of Sciences; RusiaFil: Raulin, Jean Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Schwenn, Rainer. Max Planck Institute For Solar System Research; AlemaniaFil: Levato, Orlando Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Rovira, M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentin

Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment

During a 4-week run in October–November 2006, a pilot experiment was performed at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in preparation for the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment, whose aim is to study the possible influence of cosmic rays on clouds. The purpose of the pilot experiment was firstly to carry out exploratory measurements of the effect of ionising particle radiation on aerosol formation from trace H2SO4 vapour and secondly to provide technical input for the CLOUD design. A total of 44 nucleation bursts were produced and recorded, with formation rates of particles above the 3 nm detection threshold of between 0.1 and 100 cm−3 s−1, and growth rates between 2 and 37 nm h−1. The corresponding H2SO4 concentrations were typically around 106 cm−3 or less. The experimentally-measured formation rates and H2SO4 concentrations are comparable to those found in the atmosphere, supporting the idea that sulphuric acid is involved in the nucleation of atmospheric aerosols. However, sulphuric acid alone is not able to explain the observed rapid growth rates, which suggests the presence of additional trace vapours in the aerosol chamber, whose identity is unknown. By analysing the charged fraction, a few of the aerosol bursts appear to have a contribution from ion-induced nucleation and ion-ion recombination to form neutral clusters. Some indications were also found for the accelerator beam timing and intensity to influence the aerosol particle formation rate at the highest experimental SO2 concentrations of 6 ppb, although none was found at lower concentrations. Overall, the exploratory measurements provide suggestive evidence for ion-induced nucleation or ion-ion recombination as sources of aerosol particles. However in order to quantify the conditions under which ion processes become significant, improvements are needed in controlling the experimental variables and in the reproducibility of the experiments. Finally, concerning technical aspects, the most important lessons for the CLOUD design include the stringent requirement of internal cleanliness of the aerosol chamber, as well as maintenance of extremely stable temperatures (variations below 0.1 _C)

The Gnevyshev Gap Effect in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Abstract During the last three solar cycles and in a wide energy range of galactic cosmic rays both the modulation and the variability of the intensity demonstrate effects related to the Gnevyshev Gap (GG) -a substantial decrease once or twice during the maximum phase of each solar cycle of a parameter that generally varies in phase with the cycle. The GG-effect also manifests itself in the behaviour of both the strength of the average interplanetary magnetic field and the power of its fluctuating component. The energy dependence of the GGeffect in the modulation and in the variability of the cosmic ray intensity was found to be different. The start of the GG-effect in the cosmic ray modulation practically coincides with a change in the energy dependence of the cosmic ray modulation

New particle formation in the sulfuric acid-dimethylamine-water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model

A recent CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber study showed that sulfuric acid and dimethylamine produce new aerosols very efficiently and yield particle formation rates that are compatible with boundary layer observations. These previously published new particle formation (NPF) rates are reanalyzed in the present study with an advanced method. The results show that the NPF rates at 1.7 nm are more than a factor of 10 faster than previously published due to earlier approximations in correcting particle measurements made at a larger detection threshold. The revised NPF rates agree almost perfectly with calculated rates from a kinetic aerosol model at different sizes (1.7 and 4.3 nm mobility diameter). In addition, modeled and measured size distributions show good agreement over a wide range of sizes (up to ca. 30 nm). Furthermore, the aerosol model is modified such that evaporation rates for some clusters can be taken into account; these evaporation rates were previously published from a flow tube study. Using this model, the findings from the present study and the flow tube experiment can be brought into good agreement for the high base-to-acid ratios (similar to 100) relevant for this study. This confirms that nucleation proceeds at rates that are compatible with collision-controlled (a.k.a. kinetically controlled) NPF for the conditions during the CLOUD7 experiment (278 K, 38% relative humidity, sulfuric acid concentration between 1 x 10(6) and 3 x 10(7) cm(-3), and dimethylamine mixing ratio of similar to 40 pptv, i.e., 1 x 10(9) cm(-3)).Peer reviewe

Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment

During a 4-week run in October–November 2006, a pilot experiment was performed at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in preparation for the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment, whose aim is to study the possible influence of cosmic rays on clouds. The purpose of the pilot experiment was firstly to carry out exploratory measurements of the effect of ionising particle radiation on aerosol formation from trace H2SO4 vapour and secondly to provide technical input for the CLOUD design. A total of 44 nucleation bursts were produced and recorded, with formation rates of particles above the 3 nm detection threshold of between 0.1 and 100 cm -3 s -1, and growth rates between 2 and 37 nm h -1. The corresponding H2O concentrations were typically around 106 cm -3 or less. The experimentally-measured formation rates and htwosofour concentrations are comparable to those found in the atmosphere, supporting the idea that sulphuric acid is involved in the nucleation of atmospheric aerosols. However, sulphuric acid alone is not able to explain the observed rapid growth rates, which suggests the presence of additional trace vapours in the aerosol chamber, whose identity is unknown. By analysing the charged fraction, a few of the aerosol bursts appear to have a contribution from ion-induced nucleation and ion-ion recombination to form neutral clusters. Some indications were also found for the accelerator beam timing and intensity to influence the aerosol particle formation rate at the highest experimental SO2 concentrations of 6 ppb, although none was found at lower concentrations. Overall, the exploratory measurements provide suggestive evidence for ion-induced nucleation or ion-ion recombination as sources of aerosol particles. However in order to quantify the conditions under which ion processes become significant, improvements are needed in controlling the experimental variables and in the reproducibility of the experiments. Finally, concerning technical aspects, the most important lessons for the CLOUD design include the stringent requirement of internal cleanliness of the aerosol chamber, as well as maintenance of extremely stable temperatures (variations below 0.1 °C