Мораль как средство изображения человеческих характеров в произведениях французских писателей XIV века

В данной статье на широком фактическом материале рассматривается проблема морали в произведениях французских писателей XVII века (Франсуа де Ларошфуко, Блез Паскаля, Жан де ля Брюйера).Их произведения оказали значительное влияние на творчество писателей XVIII-XIX вв., а также современных писателей.У поданій статті на широкому фактичному матеріалі розглядається проблема моралі в творах французьких письменників 17 століття (Франсуа де Ларошфуко, Блез Паскаля, Жан де ля Брюйер), яка значно вплинула не тільки на творчість письменників 18-19 ст., а також і на сучасних письменників.This article, on the basis of vast factual material, deals with the problems of morals in the works of some French writers of the XVIII-th century, such as la Rochefoucauld, Pascal, la Bruy?re. Their works made a great influence on the creative work of the writers of the XVIII-XIX-th centuries and of the modern writers as well

"Обратная" переходность среди частей речи как актуализация внутренней формы слова

В статье рассматривается специфика внутренней формы синтаксических дериватов, которую предлагается обозначить термином "грамматикализованная". На примере существительных адъективного склонения, наречий/наречных выражений и отглагольных прилагательных анализируется механизм речевой "обратной" морфолого-синтаксической транспозиции, в основе которого лежит инициируемая внутренней формой транспозитов и квазитранспозитов грамматическая рефлексия говорящих.У статті розглядається специфіка внутрішньої форми синтаксичних деріватов, яку пропонується позначити терміном "граматикалізована". На прикладі іменників ад'єктивного відміни, наречий/наречных виразів і віддієслівних прикметників аналізується механізм мовної "зворотної" морфолого-синтаксичної транспозиції, в основі якого лежить ініційована внутрішньою формою транспозітів і квазітранспозітов граматична рефлексія говорючих.The article examines the specificity of internal form of syntactic derivatives, which is to be named as "grammaticalized" one. By the example of substantives of adjective declension model, adverbs/adverb expressions and verbal adjectives, the author analyzes the mechanism of speech "reverse" morphological-syntactic transposition, and it is speaker grammatical reflexion initiated by internal form of transposites and "quasi-transposites" what underlies this mechanism

Шлюбно-сімейні відносини та формування нової особистості у контексті взаємин церкви і держави 1920-х років

У пропонованій статті піднімається питання про існування негативних тенденцій в сучасному українському суспільстві, причини яких вбачаються не в останніх роках розвитку країни й новітній ідеології суспільства, а в площині 1920-х років.В предлагаемой статье поднимается вопрос о зарождении негативных тенденций в современном украинском обществе, причины которых видятся не в последних годах развития страны, а в плоскости 1920-х годов.The author of the given article raises a question about the origin of negative tendencies. The author claims that the reason of thest did not appear in the recent years of the country deveiopment, as it said by some scolars but at the period of 1920’s

Inzichten vanaf de zijlijn, wetenschappelijke coaching van het sportbeleid?

Political Scienc

Balancing between coordination, cooperation and competition? A mixed-method approach for assessing the role ambiguity of local sports authorities

In recent years, the subsidiarity principle has been underlined in Sport-for-All policies in countries such as Germany, Austria and Belgium. According to this organising principle, issues need to be handled by the lowest possible political and administrative level, and as close to the citizens as possible. The 2007 decree concerning Sport-for-All policies at the local level in Flanders (Belgium) clearly referred to this. It emphasised the decentralisation of the Sport for All policy, and highlighted the regulatory and coordinating role of local sports authorities. As a consequence, they may face conflicting roles of being coordinator, regulator and provider of mass sport at the local level. In this paper, a mixed-method approach is used to give a closer insight in the role perceptions of local sports authorities in Flanders, and their position towards private sport providers. The results show that local sports authorities consider the coordination and regulation of mass sport in their municipality as their primary task. Yet, it appears that private sport providers also perceive competition from local sports authorities. Moreover, a considerable number of the local sports authorities believe they can combine the roles of provider and coordinator. As there appears to be considerable goal ambiguity, it is necessary for local sports authorities to formulate clear goals. Referring to the principle of subsidiarity, it is argued that sports authorities should only intervene when (non-)profit sport providers are not able to achieve the desirable outcomes with regard to sport and the welfare agenda

Emerging school sport development policy, practice and governance in England: Big Society, autonomy and decentralisation

International interest in developing mass sports participation through systems of school and community sports development has become a growing field of public leisure policy interest. This research paper considers the policy change from School Sport Partnerships to the new 2012 School Games model of networked partnerships to establish characteristics of the changes in governance modes and implications from practice in England. The research project is based on a regional case study drawing upon indepth,face-to-face interviews with key public policy stakeholders to inform an analysis of change. Initial findings indicate that the emergent networks are characterised by more networked-based mode of governance than previous hierarchical models present under UK New Labour. The study also shows the fragility of a reliance on partnership structures and the potential implications for incongruence in delivering policy outcomes and improving access to physical activity and school sport opportunities

Mission impossible? Reflecting upon the relationship between physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Sport, Education and Society on 8 May 2012, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13573322.2012.683781It is widely believed that school physical education (PE) is or, at the very least, can (even should) be a crucial vehicle for enhancing young people’s engagement with physically active recreation (typically but not exclusively in the form of sport) in their leisure and, in the longer run, over the life-course. Despite the prevalence of such beliefs there remains a dearth of evidence demonstrating a ‘PE effect’. Indeed, the precise nature of the relationship between PE, youth sport and lifelong participation is seldom explored other than in implicit, often speculative and discursive, ways that simply take-for-granted the positive effects of the former (PE) on the latter (youth and adult participation in sport and physically active recreation). Using largely European studies to frame the issue, this paper reflects upon the supposedly ‘causal’ relationship between PE, youth sport and lifelong participation and, in doing so, highlights the inherent problems associated with attempts to identify, characterise and establish a ‘PE effect’.This book was submitted to the RAE2014 for the University of Chester - Sport & Exercise Sciences

"More than just a run in the park": an exploration of parkrun as a shared leisure space

Over the last 13 years, parkrun has grown from a small time trial in Bushy Park, London, to become a global social movement. During this time, much has been claimed about the potential health-related benefits from participating, but comparatively little attention has been given to the social reasons for attending. The aim of this study was to better understand the meanings of participation for both runners and volunteers using an intrinsic case study that focused on a specific event, Colwick parkrun in Nottingham, England. Building on literature that positions leisure sites as third places, the article seeks to enhance our understanding of parkrun as a community-based initiative. Data collection included observation, participant observation, semi-structured interviews (N = 19), and a survey (N = 235). Several themes emerged, suggesting that participation in parkrun provides an inclusive leisure space for casual sociability, as well as facilitating a shared experience of exercising with others

Austerity, policy and sport participation in England

This study seeks to understand participation levels in sport across socio-demographic groups, specifically for the period 2008–14, in the context of austerity measures taken by central government resulting in local authority income and expenditure reductions. Participation levels over time were analysed using data from the Active People Survey (APS), which was the preferred method for measuring participation by Sport England until its replacement in 2015. Budgetary constraints in local authorities have subsequently resulted in an expenditure decrease for non-discretionary services including ‘sport development and community recreation’. This area of expenditure forms one component of sport-related services and primarily focuses on raising participation in ‘hard-to-reach’ groups. The study found that policy goals associated with raising and widening participation were not met to any significant degree between 2008 and 2014 as participation levels have changed little for lower income ‘hard-to-reach’ groups. It is claimed that this outcome is in part due to austerity measures impacting on local authority expenditure. This study has implications for policymakers and practitioners as it illustrates both the challenges faced in setting and delivering policy aimed at raising participation levels in ‘hard-to-reach’ groups, particularly in the context of austerity, and the difficulties associated with measuring participation