Micronucleus investigation in buccal mucosal cells among pan masala/gutkha chewers and its relevance for oral cancer

Abstract Micronuclei (MN) have been proposed as good biomarker to assess cytogenetic damage in biomonitoring studies. The analysis of MN in the epithelial cells has been shown to be a sensitive method for monitoring genetic damage in human populations. MN formation has been observed in pre-cancerous lesions of the oral cavity of pan masala and gutkha chewers. Increased cytogenetic damage has been observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of pan masala chewers. MN frequency obtained in case of pan masala/ gutkha chewers is very high as compared to control, which clearly indicates that chewers are at high risk for developing oral cancer

Genotoxic damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes of oral contraceptive users

Synthetic progestins and estrogens have been reported to be toxic in various experimental models. Their prolonged use has been reported to induce cancer in humans. In the present study the effects of oral contraceptives were studied among users using chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and DNA damage as a parameter, in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The study was performed on 25 women (users) and 25 age match controls. No significant difference was observed in chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage. A significant increase was observed in sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) Cell among users. The results obtained and the risk of oral contraceptives (OCs) genotoxicity have been discussed.Keywords: Oral contraceptives; Chromosomal aberrations; DNA damage; Sister chromatid exchanges; Human lymphocyte

Effects of Seawater Salinity on Seedling Growth Nodulation and Tissue Nitrogen in Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sea water salinity on growth, nodulation and nitrogen content of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile seedlings. Eight weeks old seedlings were irrigated with 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% sea water for one month. After 12 weeks the plants were uprooted and the nodules were observed for their frequency, shapes and sizes. Nodules showed morphological alterations in size and shape in different salinity levels. The root-shoot ratio, nitrogen contents in the leaf, stem and root were analyzed. In general salt stress resulted in a decrease of plant growth, nodulation and percent tissue nitrogen in A. nilotica plants. Root-shoot ratio showed gradual increase with increasing sea water concentrations. Nitrogen contents decreased in leaf and stem, whereas it increased in roots. Nodules showed morphological alterations in size and shape with increasing salinity. A. nilotica accumulated NaCl in the xylem of the roots that may be considered as a preliminary salt tolerant mechanism adopted by the plant

Effect of myricetin on cognitive impairments in the transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Despite the availability of many drugs to ease the life of PD patients, there is no permanent cure until now. Now-a-days, there has been a considerable attention towards the use of herbal products to treat PD patients worldwide due to less side effects. In this context, here we investigated myricetin, a common plant derived flavonoid, on the cognitive impairments exhibited by the transgenic Drosophila expressing human -synuclein in the neurons. The PD flies were allowed to feed on the diet having 10, 20 and 40 μM of myricetin for 24 days and then assayed for cognitive impairments. The exposure of myricetin showed a dose dependent significant delay in the cognitive impairments. Molecular docking studies showed the positive interaction between myricetin and -synuclein. The results suggest a protective effect of myricetin against the cognitive impairments

Effect of myricetin on cognitive impairments in the transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson’s Disease

27-33Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Despite the availability of many drugs to ease the life of PD patients, there is no permanent cure until now. Now-a-days, there has been a considerable attention towards the use of herbal products to treat PD patients worldwide due to less side effects. In this context, here we investigated myricetin, a common plant derived flavonoid, on the cognitive impairments exhibited by the transgenic Drosophila expressing human -synuclein in the neurons. The PD flies were allowed to feed on the diet having 10, 20 and 40 μM of myricetin for 24 days and then assayed for cognitive impairments. The exposure of myricetin showed a dose dependent significant delay in the cognitive impairments. Molecular docking studies showed the positive interaction between myricetin and -synuclein. The results suggest a protective effect of myricetin against the cognitive impairments

On Time-Dependent Rheology of Sutterby Nanofluid Transport across a Rotating Cone with Anisotropic Slip Constraints and Bioconvection

The purpose and novelty of our study include the scrutinization of the unsteady flow and heat characteristics of the unsteady Sutterby nano-fluid flow across an elongated cone using slip boundary conditions. The bioconvection of gyrotactic micro-organisms, Cattaneo-Christov, and thermal radiative fluxes with magnetic fields are significant physical aspects of the study. Anisotropic constraints on the cone surface are taken into account. The leading formulation is transmuted into ordinary differential formate via similarity functions. Five coupled equations with nonlinear terms are resolved numerically through the utilization of a MATLAB code for the Runge-Kutta procedure. The parameters of buoyancy ratio, the porosity of medium, and bioconvection Rayleigh number decrease x-direction velocity. The slip parameter retard y-direction velocity. The temperature for Sutterby fluids is at a hotter level, but its velocity is vividly slower compared to those of nanofluids. The temperature profile improves directly with thermophoresis, v-velocity slip, and random motion of nanoentities. 2022 by the authors.This research was supported by Taif University, Researchers Supporting Project Number (TURSP-2020/217), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library.Scopu

Integrated crop management of chickpea in environments of Bangladesh prone to Botrytis grey mould

Botrytis grey mould (BGM) is the major constraint to chickpea production in Bangladesh and is considered primarily responsible for that country's recent drastic decrease in chickpea production. There is no substantial host plant resistance to BGM in current chickpea cultivars, but component studies have developed various agronomic options to manage the disease. These include reduced seed rate, delayed sowing and thinning of plants to ensure an open canopy, and need-based foliar application of fungicide. These components were combined with other agronomic requirements for the target region, such as application of phosphate fertilizer, pest management measures against chickpea pod borer, and fungicidal seed treatment against collar rot. The resultant integrated crop management (ICM) package was compared with normal farmer practice (FP) for chickpea cultivation in farmer-managed, operational scale plots at 100 locations across five districts in western Bangladesh in the 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 seasons. Grain yields in ICM plots were generally 15–50% higher than in FP in both seasons. Conduct of these on-farm evaluations in two additional districts in 2004–2005 gave similar results. In 2004–2005, 505 farmer-managed demonstrations were conducted in the five original districts, giving a 5–104% yield advantage (district means) of ICM over FP. In 2005–2006, 642 demonstrations were conducted across the eight districts giving district-wise yield advantages of 27–70%. Effective implementation of BGM management practices by participating farmers demonstrated that remunerative and reliable chickpea yields could be obtained in this BGM-prone environment. The ICM strategy evolved has relevance to other chickpea growing regions prone to BGM in South Asia, Australia and the Americas. Studies are now required on the adoption of components of the ICM package, and the underlying reasons, to identify any adoption constraints and thus guide further promotion of chickpea cultivation

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

BACTERIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF HATCHERIES FLUFF AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ISOLATES

A total of 100 fluff samples were collected from five hatcheries located in and around Faisalabad. After isolation of different bacteria in the hatcheries fluff their sensitivity to Norfloxacin, Gentamicin, Flumequine, Chloramphenicol, Neomycin, Ampicillin and Erythromycin was determined. Similarly, the susceptibility of the bacterial isolates for three disinfectants (EWABO ALDEKOL, TH4 and BROMOSEPT) and three spray sanitizers (Sani squad. Sanitol and TH4) was also observed. The results indicated that the occurrence of different bacterial species among 148 isolates was: Escherichia coli 62 (41.89%), Paratyphoid salmonellae 24 (16.22%), Salmonella pullorum 3 (2.03%), Proteus mirabelis 2(1.35%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4(2.70%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2(1.35%), Streptococcus faecalis 4 (2.70%), Staphylococcus aureus 22(14.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 7 (4.73%) and Bacillus subtilis 18 (12.16%). The in vitro sensitivity of the isolates was highest for Norfloxacin (91.89%) and the lowest for Erythromycin (16.89 %). The bacterial isolates (Salmonella pullorum, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis) were 100 percent susceptible for all the three disinfectants. Efficacy of sprays Sani Squad and TH4 was 100 percent for some of the bacterial isolates e.g. Salmonella pullorum, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The efficacy of spray sanitol was more than 60 percent for some of the bacterial isolates including E. coli, Salmonella pullorum and Staphylococcus aureus)