Cosmic-Ray Momentum Diffusion In Magnetosonic Versus Alfvenic Turbulent Field

Energetic particle transport in a finite amplitude magnetosonic and Alfvenic turbulence is considered using Monte Carlo particle simulations, which involve an integration of particle equation of motion. We show that in a low-Betha plasma cosmic ray can be the most important damping process for magnetosonic waves. Assuming such conditions we derive the momentum diffusion coefficient for relativistic particles in the presence of anisotropic finite-amplitude turbulent wave field, for flat and Kolmogorov-type turbulence spectra. We confirm the possibility of larger values of a momentum diffusion coefficient occuring due to transit-time damping resonance interaction in the presence of isotropic fast-mode waves in comparison to the Alfven waves of the same amplitude.Comment: 16 pages, 2 fig, macro for Solar Physcs, accepted for Solar Physic

On the graph labellings arising from phylogenetics

We study semigroups of labellings associated to a graph. These generalise the Jukes-Cantor model and phylogenetic toric varieties defined in [Buczynska W., Phylogenetic toric varieties on graphs, J. Algebraic Combin., 2012, 35(3), 421–460]. Our main theorem bounds the degree of the generators of the semigroup by g + 1 when the graph has first Betti number g. Also, we provide a series of examples where the bound is sharp.publishe

Impact of Noise and Working Memory on Speech Processing in Adults With and Without ADHD

Auditory processing of speech is influenced by internal (i.e., attention, working memory) and external factors (i.e., background noise, visual information). This study examined the interplay among these factors in individuals with and without ADHD. All participants completed a listening in noise task, two working memory capacity tasks, and two short-term memory tasks. The listening in noise task had both an auditory and an audiovisual condition. Participants included 38 young adults between the ages of 18-35 without ADHD and 25 young adults between the ages of 18-35 with ADHD. Results indicated that diagnosis, modality, and signal-to-noise ratio all have a main effect on a person\u27s ability to process speech in noise. In addition, the interaction between the diagnosis of ADHD, the presence of visual cues, and the level of noise had an effect on a person\u27s ability to process speech in noise. In fact, young adults with ADHD benefit less from visual information during noise than young adults without ADHD, an effect influenced by working memory abilities. These speech processing results are discussed in relation to theoretical models of stochastic resonance and working memory capacity. Implications for speech-language pathologists and educators are also discussed

Effects of No-Pest Strip Insecticide

Effects of No-Pest Strip Insecticid

Width of Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet CMEs

In the present paper we report on the difference in angular sizes between radio-loud and radio-quiet CMEs. For this purpose we compiled these two samples of events using Wind/WAVES and SOHO/LASCO observations obtained during 1996-2005. It is shown that the radio-loud CMEs are almost two times wider than the radio-quiet CMEs (considering expanding parts of CMEs). Furthermore we show that the radio-quiet CMEs have a narrow expanding bright part with a large extended diffusive structure. These results were obtained by measuring the CME widths in three different ways.Comment: Solar Physic, in pres

Gains, Losses, and Life Goals Identified by Caregivers of Individuals with Disabilities in the United States

It is often reported that caregivers of individuals with disabilities experience stress as they manage caregiving responsibilities while they make the effort to balance family and work. Thirty-one caregivers of individuals with an array of disabilities in the United States completed a qualitative survey in this pilot study that asked them to identify their gains and losses from providing care and to identify their life goals. The gains from caregiving were identified as enhanced empathy and compassion, and the losses as strained family relationships, and less personal time. The most commonly identified life goals were experiencing happiness and achieving financial stability. The implications of these results on professionals’ attempts to support caregivers and their families are discussed

Cosmic-ray Acceleration at Ultrarelativistic Shock Waves: Effects of a "Realistic" Magnetic Field Structure

First-order Fermi acceleration processes at ultrarelativistic shocks are studied with Monte Carlo simulations. The accelerated particle spectra are derived by integrating the exact particle trajectories in a turbulent magnetic field near the shock. ''Realistic'' features of the field structure are included. We show that the main acceleration process at superluminal shocks is the particle compression at the shock. Formation of energetic spectral tails is possible in a limited energy range only for highly perturbed magnetic fields, with cutoffs occuring at low energies within the resonance energy range considered. These spectral features result from the anisotropic character of particle transport in the downstream magnetic field, where field compression produces effectively 2D perturbations. Because of the downstream field compression, the acceleration process is inefficient in parallel shocks for larger turbulence amplitudes, and features observed in oblique shocks are recovered. For small-amplitude turbulence, wide-energy range particle spectra are formed and modifications of the process due to the existence of long-wave perturbations are observed. In both sub- and superluminal shocks, an increase of \gamma leads to steeper spectra with lower cut-off energies. The spectra obtained for the ``realistic'' background conditions assumed here do not converge to the ``universal'' spectral index claimed in the literature. Thus the role of the first-order Fermi process in astrophysical sources hosting relativistic shocks requires serious reanalysis.Comment: submitted to Ap