Environmental position in socio-political forms of western civilization development

Исправно позиционирање животне средине у социо-политичким формама развоја западне цивилизације један je од не само теоријских, већ и практичних предуслова изменe постојећe антропоцентричне парадигме света у ком живимо. Дисертација представља систематизацију појма животне средине у свом целокупном развојном процесу унутар западне цивилизације, односно, у њему је обједињено истраживање ове теме у најзначајнијим социо-политичким формама битним за опсег политичких наука. Животна средина позиционирана је као елемент континуирано зависан од ширих социо-политичких дискурса који су предмет анализе. Осим података који су у процесу истраживања прикупљени, систематизовани, класификовани и презентовани, од кључног значаја је указивање на континуирани дефицит интринсичног значаја животне средине у свим фазама развоја цивилизације, посебно у односу на доминантне религијске, економске и политичке дискурсе. Осим тога, секундарни циљ рада је и да укаже просторно и хронолошки на појаву умерено антропоцентричних, ређе екоцентричних наратива, присутних углавном у раду појединаца унутар анализираних дискурса. На хронолошком нивоу истраживање је изведено кроз анализу три најзначајније историјске епохе у развоју западне цивилизације, антици, средњем и новом веку, док су унутар савременог периода XX и XXI века, предмет анализе социо-политичке форме еколошке провенијенције. Поред хронолошког мапирања еволуције централног појма овог истраживања, животна средина анализирана је и у осталим битним формама, попут религија, класичних идеологија, те економско-еколошког контекста феудализма и капитализма. Историјском генезом развоја овог појма од предсократовског периода, преко периода римске антике, све до просветитељске и романтичарске мисли XIX века, долази се до преломних тачака које су превасходно на индивидуалном нивоу правиле микро еволуцију погледа на животну средину од антропоцентричног, преко умерено антропоцентричног, до екоцентричног. Будући да историјски контекст без осврта на специфичне друштвене, економске, религијске и политичке форме није довољан да се појасни улога и специфичност било ког појма, у истраживању је кроз поглавље II уведен религијски контекст анализе. Почевши од Диркемове премисе да је религије нужно сагледавати као специфичне друштвене појаве, те Лин Вајтове хипотезе да је средњовековни јудео-хришћански религијски дискурс легитимисао доминацију над природом, истражени су симболични и живи изрази међусобних веза природе и религија. Истраживање је обухватило централне верске текстове, праксу, мисионарски рад појединачних духовних ауторитета значајних за одабране религијске правце. У поглављу III дубинском политиколошком аналитиком животне средине у класичним идеолошким правцима, либерализму, конзервативизму, национализму те социјализму, рад је обогаћен и овом значајном димензијом. Анализом појединачних дела најзначајнијих представника ових идеологија, рад нуди још једну визуру животне средине из политиколошке перспективе која надвладава наслеђени средњовековни 2 религијски наратив о природи, и такође делом генерише њену позицију у савременим социо-политичким формама којима је посвећено поглавље IV. Унутар савремених социо-политичких форми са примарно еколошком компонентом, формирана је посебна типологија. Класификацијом у четири групе, трансформисане, радикалне, реформисане, те системско-корективне, направљен је пресек тренутног стања, са тенденцијама могућих промена. Од екологизма и дубинске екологије као радикалних екоцентричних приступа, преко трансформисаних облика у виду екосоцијализма, екофеминизма, те системских енвајронменталистичких форми еколиберализма, у егзекутивним облицима одрживог развоја и еколошке модернизације, представљене су прве три форме. Последња група формиране типологије, представљена је кроз прелазак из радикално-екоцентричне позиције у реформисано-популистичку. Пример глобалних еколошких покрета кроз развој Гринписа, секундарно WWF и PETE, указао је на измену структура тих организација, циљева, те методологије рада, свеукупно од екологистичке до корпоративистичке морфологије. Последње поглавље даје финалну слику релевантности реформисано-популистичке групе социо-политичких форми кроз вишедимензионалну анализу Зелених партија, еклатантно на студији случаја немачких Зелених. Успостављена је пета фаза у развоју Зелених немачке, фаза опозиционог деловања са искуством власти (2005-2021). Такође, указује на одустајање Зелених од екологистичких начела, и улазак у политички прагматизам и популизам оличен у неколико идентификованих специфичности, попут измена: унутарстраначке демократичности, доношења програма странке, избора лидера, масовног чланства, коалиционе доследности, медијских кампања, тржишно-привредних ставова, односа према пацифизму, милитаризму, војним интервенцијама, наоружању. Осим методе анализе садржаја поступак доказивања обогаћен је и емпиријски, кроз квантитативни део истраживања партије Савез90/Зелени у Савезној Републици Немачкој. Наведеним се потврдило да институционализацијом унутар ширег политичког и ужег партијског система, чак и ове финалне инстанце еколошког активизма, за кратко време прелазе пут од идеолошко чистих екологистичких форми, до прагматско-популистичких облика политичког активизма. Додатно, целокупно поглавље потврђује главну хипотезу рада, да ни еклатантни примери социо-еколошких форми, попут Савеза90/Зелени, у средишту свог деловања немају животну средину као интринсичну, вредност по себи, већ им она представља једну у лепези тема за добијање гласова.Proper positioning of environment in the socio-political forms of development of Western civilization is one of not only theoretical but also practical preconditions for changing the existing anthropocentric paradigm of the world we live in. The dissertation presents a systematization of the concept of environment in its entire development process within Western civilization. In other words, it combines research on this topic in the most important socio-political forms relevant to the scope of political science. The environment is positioned as an element continuously dependent on the broader socio-political discourses that are the subject of analysis. Apart from the data collected, systematized, classified, and presented in the research process, it is crucial to point out the continuous deficit of intrinsic importance of the environment in all stages of civilization, especially in relation to the dominant religious, economic and political discourses. In addition, the secondary goal of the paper is to point out spatially and chronologically the emergence of moderately anthropocentric, less often eco centric narratives, present mainly in the work of individuals within the analyzed discourses. At the chronological level, the research was conducted through the analysis of the three most important historical epochs in the development of Western civilization, antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the New Age, within the modern period of the XX and XXI century the socio-political form of ecological provenance. In addition to the chronological mapping of the evolution of the central concept of this research, the environment is analyzed in other important forms, such as religions, classical ideologies, and the economic and ecological context of feudalism and capitalism. The historical genesis of the development of this concept from the pre-Socratic period, through the period of Roman antiquity, all the way to the Enlightenment and Romantic thought of the 19th century, leads to turning points which primarily on the individual level made micro-evolution of perception at environment from anthropocentric through moderate anthropocentric to ecocentric. Since the historical context without reference to specific social, economic, religious and political forms is not enough to clarify the role and particularity of any concept, the research introduced the religious context of analysis through Chapter II. Starting from Durkheim's premise that religions should be seen as specific social phenomena, and Lynn White's hypothesis that medieval Judeo-Christian religious discourse legitimized domination over nature, symbolic and vivid expressions of the interrelationships between nature and religion were explored. The research included central religious texts, practice, and missionary work of individual spiritual authorities important for selected religious denominations. In Chapter III, in-depth political analysis of the environment in classical ideological directions, liberalism, conservatism, nationalism and socialism, the work is enriched with this important dimension. By analyzing 4 individual works of the most important representatives of these ideologies, the paper offers another view of the environment from a political perspective that overcomes the inherited medieval religious narrative of nature, and also partly generates its position in contemporary socio-political forms dedicated to Chapter IV. Within modern socio-political forms with a primarily ecological component, a special typology has been formed. By classifying typology into four groups, transformed, radical, reformed, and systemic-corrective, a cross-section of the current situation was made, with tendencies of possible changes. From ecologism and deep ecology as radical eco centric approaches, through transformed forms in the form of eco-socialism, ecofeminism, and systemic environmentalist forms of eco-liberalism, in executive forms of sustainable development and ecological modernization, the first three forms are presented. The fourth group of the formed typology is presented through the transition from a radical-ecocentric position to a reformed-populist one. The example of global environmental movements through the development of Greenpeace, secondarily WWF and PETA, pointed changes in the structures of these organizations, goals, and work methodologies, from ecological to corporative morphology in total. The last chapter gives the final picture of the relevance of the reformed-populist group of socio-political forms through a multidimensional analysis of the Green Parties, eloquently on the case study of the German Greens. The fifth phase in the development of the German Greens was established, the phase of opposition action with the experience of the government (2005-2021). It also points to the Greens' abandonment of environmental principles, and entry into political pragmatism and populism embodied in several identified specifics, such as changes: intra-party democracy, party agenda, and election of leaders, mass membership, coalition consistency, media campaigns, market and economic attitudes, attitudes towards pacifism, militarism, military interventions, weapons. In addition to the method of content analysis, the process of proving has been enriched empirically through the quantitative part of the research of the Alliance90/The Greens party in the Federal Republic of Germany. This confirmed that institutionalization within the broader political and narrower party system, even these final instances of environmental activism, in a short time crossed the path from ideologically pure environmental forms to pragmatic-populist forms of political activism. In addition, the entire chapter confirms the main hypothesis of the paper,that even glaring examples of socio-ecological forms, such as the Alliance 90 / Greens, do not have the environment as intrinsic, value in themselves, but it is one of the topics for gaining votes

Synthesis, characterizaon and potenal cytotoxity of o,o'-dialkil-(s,s)-ethilenediamine-n,n'- di--2-(4-methyl)-pentanoate and the corresponding palladium(ii), planum(ii) and planum(iv) complexes

This works describes synthesis, characterization and potential cytotoxity of O,O'- -dialkyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(4-methyl)-pentanoic acid, [(S,S)-H4eddl]Cl2, as well as their corresponding palladium(II), platinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes. Esters (S,S)-R2eddl·2HCl (R = ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl) were obtained by instillation of thionyl chloride in an appropriate absolute alcohol, and then refluxing with addition of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(4-methyl)-pentanoic acid. All of the esters were obtained as dihydrochlorides: (S,S)-Et2eddl·2HCl, (S,S)-Pr2eddl·2HCl, (S,S)-Bu2eddl·2HCl, (S,S)-Pe2eddl·2HCl. Esters were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and in the case of (S,S)-Pr2eddl·2HCl the structure was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis

[Die behandlung von akuten eitrigen infektionen an der Abteilung fur maxillofaziale chirurgie des allgeimeinen krankenhauses in Osijek]

Na odjelu za maksilofacijalnu kirurgiju Opće bolnice u Osijeku, od njegovog osnivanja, tj. u razdoblju od 15 mjeseci, liječen je 91 pacijent od akutne gnojne infekcije predjela lica i čeljusti. U tom materijalu dentogene infekcije sa 8 2% zauzimaju dominantno mjesto, dok sve ostale zajedno iznose svega 1 8%. Kao uzročnici nastanka dentogenih infekcija bili su zubi, bez pulpe zaostali korjenovi zuba, dentitio difficilis , zagnojene dentogene ciste i inficirane ekstrakcijske rane. Ostali uzroci gnojnih infekcija tog područja bili su furunkuli usana i obraza, sialolitijaza, kronični egzacerbirani sijalolitisi, inficirani tumori i infekcije poslije davanja injekcije za anesteziju. Kod 31 pacijenta liječenje je bilo samo konzervativno, a kod 60 bolesnika primjenjenje i kirurški tretman. Isključivo konzervativna terapija primjenjivana je samo kod lakših gnojnih infiltrata i tamo gdje su upalne promjene u toku terapije pokazivale znakove regresije, sve do nestanka gnojnog procesa. Kirurška intervencija vršena je u prvom redu kod izražene kolikvacije i kod infiltrata , koji su usprkos adekvatnoj konzervativnoj te ra p iji jasno pokazivali znakove širenja i pogoršanja općeg stanja pacijenta. Autori posebno izlažu svoj stav prema po jedinim grupama akutne gnojne infekcije toga područja, koji su u referatu i tablički prikazani. U ovoj seriji liječenih oci akutne gnojne infekcije maksilofacijalnog predjela nije bilo niti jednog smrtnog ishoda. U vijek se nastojalo definitivno ukloniti uzrok akutne gnojne infekcije, a ako to nije bilo indicirano to je bilo izvršeno kasnije.Ninety-one patients with acute suppurative infection of the facial and maxillary bones have been treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the General Hospital in Osijek since the establishment of the Department, i. e. a period of 15 months. In the material investigated dentogenic irifections hold a dominant place with 82 %, while ali the other infections together account for the remaining 18 %. The cause o f dentogenic infections were traced back to pulpless teeth, residue roots,dentitio difficilis , suppurative odontogenic cysts and infected extraction wounds. The other suppurative infections of this region were abscesses o f the lip and the jaw, sialolithiasis, chronic exacerbated sialotithiasis, infected tumors and cases of infection resulting from injection of anaestehics. Only conservative treatment was in 31 patients, while in 60 patients surgical treatment was applied as well. Exclusive conservative therapy was applied in cases of mild suppurations only, and in cases where the inflammatory canges showed signs of regression in the course of the treatment. This treatm ent was applied until the suppurations diasppeared. Surgical treatment was applied in cases with marked colliquation and in inf iltrate s where, in spite of adequate conservative therapy, clear signs of spreading and deterioration of the general condition of the patient were noticed. In the paper a special review is given by the authors of their attitude towards individual groups of acute suppurative infection of that region and relevant tables are given. The authors did not have a single lethal case in this series of patients treated for acute suppurative infection of the maxillofacial region. The aim was to remove the cause of the acute suppurations definitively. If in the course of the treatment this was not possible it was done at a later stage.An 91 behandelten Patienten mit akuten eitrigen Infektionen im Kiefer-Gesichtsbereich, nehmen dentogene Infektionen mit 82% eine dom inante Stellung, ein, wahrend alle ubrigen Ursachen insgesamt 18% betragen. Als Ursache der dentogenen Infektion konnen pulpalose Zahne, Wurzelreste, erschwerter Zahndurchbruch, vereiterte dentogene Zysten und in fizierte Extraktionsw unden, angefuhrt werden. Auserdem kommen noch Lippen- und Gesichtsfurunkel, Sialolithiasis, in fizierte Geschv/ulste, und Infektionen nach Injektionsanaesthesie in Betracht. 31 Patienten konnten konservativ behandelt, die ubrigen 60 mussten chirurgisch angegangen werden. Ausschliesslich konservativ wurde nur bei leichteren eitrigen Infiltraten und bei entzundlichen Veranderungen mit regressiver Tendenz, vorgegangen. Cirurgische Interventionen wurden vor allem bei ausgesprochener Koliquation und bei Infiltraten mit deutlicher Tendenz zur Ausbreitung und Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustandes, durchge fuhrt. Alle Gruppen der akuten eitrigen Infektionen sind tabellarisch dargestellt und die Stellungnahme der Autoren zu diesen Gruppen vorgebracht. Kein Todesfall konnte in diesen Serien verzeichnet werden. Es wurde immer getrachtet die Ursache der Infektion definitiv zu beseitigen, falls dieses im Laufe der Behandlung nicht ratsam war, wurde es spater durchge fuhrt

Integrative taxonomy of Iberian Merodon species (Diptera, Syrphidae)

The genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Syrphidae, Diptera), with more than 50 European species, is primarily distributed in the Mediterranean region, there being 34 species that occur in the Iberian Peninsula. The morphological variation found within some species from the Iberian Peninsula prompted us to test their taxonomic status by integrating morphological and molecular data. We generated partial sequences of the mitochondrial, protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), the nuclear, internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region, and the D2 region of thenuclear 28S rRNA gene. COI and ITS2 sequences were obtained for most included taxa. The variability of the COI sequences showed great differences between the studied species groups, exhibiting an interspecific range from 0.29% to 12.5% between ingroup taxa. Closely related taxa of the aureus complex (e.g. M. quercetorum and M. legionensis) presented identical COI sequences. The obtained ITS2 sequences showed low intraspecific variability, and only a few taxa presented more than one genotype. Species status and delimitation were discussed for all taxa in the light of available morphological and molecular character information. Using the obtained sequence data for COI and 28S we inferred the phylogenetic relationships of the included taxa, using parsimony analysis. Separate analysis of the COI sequences identified four, quite well supportedclades within Merodon, the desuturinus, albifrons, nigritarsis and aureus groups. Combined analysis of the COI and 28S genes produced a topology similar to the COI topology.Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection of Serbia (Grant Number 143037), the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development (Maintenance of biodiversity–“Hot spots” on the Balkan and Iberian Peninsula), the Spanish Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (MMA-040/2002), the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CGL2005-0713/BOS and grant number AP2003-3998) and Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP06/063)

Uticaj uzrasta i različite doze prirodnog gonadotropnog hormona na reproduktivne pokazatelje ovaca u sezoni anestrije

In this paper results of age and different dosages of PMSG (500 and 750 i.u) on young II d’frans sheep fertility trait in anestric season are discussed. This research has clearly shown that first conception of young II d’frans sheep can be done at the age of 12-14 months as they reacted better at hormone dosages, compared to the group of sheep that was 11-13 months old. Higher dose of PMSG of 750i.u(for testing group) compared to 500i.u (control group) led to the result that test group had higher fertility rate by 30.66% compared to control group. Higher fertility of test group is represented by higher number of twins by 24.13% and triplets by 5.18% compared to control group.U radu se analizira uticaj uzrasta ovaca (dviski) i različite doze (500:750 i.j.) prirodnog gonadotropina PMSG-a na reproduktivne pokazatelje ovaca II d frans rase u periodu anestrije. Ova istraživanja su jasno pokazala da prva koncepcija dviski treba da se obavi u uzrastu grla 12-14 meseci. Veća doza PMSG-a od 750 i.j. (kod ogledne grupe) u odnosu na 500 i.j. (kod kontrolne grupe) dovela je do toga da je ogledna grupa imala veću plodnost za 30,66% u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Veća plodnost ogledne grupe je posledica rađanja većeg broja blizanaca za 24,13% i trojki za 5,18% kod ogledne u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu

Influence of ambience temperature and operational-constructive parameters on landfill gas generation - Case study Novi Sad

Researches in the area of landfill gas generation and energy utilization are currently underway and widespread in the world for several reasons: reducing effects of greenhouse gases, possibilities for utilizing alternative energy sources, reducing conventional energy resources exploitation, and environmental protection. First part of this research is conducted with an aim to establish the influence of meteorological parameters, primarily ambience temperature, on the methane generation processes at Novi Sad landfill. The second part of the research refers to functional characteristics of landfill such as the waste age, closing practice, and the age of certain parts of landfill body, as well as the waste depth and quantity of generated methane. Based on several years of investigation, it is concluded that methane generation varies in the range of 0-34 vol. % m3/m3, and that seasonal variations have significant influence on methane generation. At low temperatures, during winter, methane generation and migration is stagnant while in summer periods, due to higher temperatures, the process of methane generation is more intensive

In silico methods in stability testing of hydrocortisone, powder for injections: Multiple regression analysis versus dynamic neural network

This article presents the possibility of using of multiple regression analysis (MRA) and dynamic neural network (DNN) for prediction of stability of Hydrocortisone 100 mg (in a form of hydrocortisone sodium succinate) freeze-dried powder for injection packed into a dual chamber container. Degradation products of hydrocortisone sodium succinate: free hydrocortisone and related substances (impurities A, B, C, D and E; unspecified impurities and total impurities) were followed during stress and formal stability studies. All data obtained during stability studies were used for in silico modeling; multiple regression models and dynamic neural networks as well, in order to compare predicted and observed results. High values of coefficient of determination (0.950.99) were gained using MRA and DNN, so both methods are powerful tools for in silico stability studies, but superiority of DNN over mathematical modeling of degradation was also confirmed

Psychometric properties of the Serbian Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and validation of the English version among non-native English speakers problematic smartphone use and smartphone addiction

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Serbian Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and the original English version of the same scale administered to a Serbian-speaking sample. In Study 1, 599 participants completed Serbian SABAS, with 189 having both test and retest data. Results suggested good internal consistency (α = .81) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .795, p < .001, 95% CI [.731, .844], rtest-retest = .803) of the scale. Convergent validity of the SABAS was evaluated through correlations with the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV), as well as with anxiety, depression, worry, duration, and purpose of smartphone use. Divergent validity of the SABAS was evaluated through comparing the correlations with entertainment and productive smartphone use. The modified CFA model showed an acceptable fit (χ2(8) = 25.53, p = .001, CFI = .961, TLI = .926, RMSEA = .096, SRMR = .042), confirming the unidimensionality of the SABAS. In the second study, the English SABAS, completed by 335 non-native speakers from Serbia, also showed a good fit of the single-factor model (χ2(9) = 12.56, p = .184, CFI = .990, TLI = .984, RMSEA = .036, SRMR = 0.026), and good psychometric features. Based on the study’s findings, the Serbian version of SABAS is a reliable and valid measure for screening the risk of smartphone addiction. Moreover, the English version can be used among non-native Serbian English speakers

Rückschau auf die traumatologische Kasuistik der abteilung für maxillofaziale Chirurgie des allgemeinen Krankenhauses in Osijek, von seiner gründung am 1. VIII 1968. Bis heute.

Porast povreda u maksilofacijalnoj regiji uopće, kao i sve češća pojava teških povreda ovoga područja, mogu se notirati i u našoj kazuistici. Kao što se to iz statistike vidi, tijekom naše dosadašnje djelatnosti, tj. u roku od posljednjih 15 mjeseci, bilo je 411 povreda, od čega 273 samo mekih tkiva lica, a 138 fraktura i to 128 zatvorenih i 10 otvorenih. Kod maksilofacijalnih povreda kombiniranih s povredama na drugim lokalizacijama tijela, vršene su konzultacije sa odnosnim specijalistima i prema potrebi se primjenjivala timska obrada, a tretiranje se obavljalo prema redu hitnosti. Vanjske rane, rane u usnoj šupljini, kao i raznovrsni prijelomi kosti facijalnog dijela glave tretirani su u zato određenom roku i po principu i tehnici opisanima u suvremenoj literaturi. Rane mekih tkiva dobro su zarašćivale, a kod svih dosad dovršenih tretmana frakture kosti lica došlo je u određenom roku i do konsolidacije i naknadne zadovoljavajuće funkcije odnosnih organa, osim u dva slučaja teških povreda vatrenim oružjem, s kontinuitetnim defektom kosti mandibule, koji su još u tretiranju. U četiri su slučaja bili potrebni rekonstruktivni operativni zahvati, koji su već dijelom u toku, a kod svih povreda izvršena je, poslije skidanja imobilizacijskih naprava, prema potrebi, kompletna sanacija zuba, s punom definitivnom protetskom nadoknadom.The general upward trend in injuries of the maxillofacia region in general, and the steadily growing number of serious injuries of this region has been noted in our casuistics too. Statistics show that in the course of our activity in this newly established Department, i.e. within the last 15 months 411 injuries were registered. Of these 273 were of the soft tissue of the face alone and 138 were fractures. Hundred and twenty-eight fractures were of the closed type and 10 were compound fractures. In maxillofacial injuries combined with injuries of other sites in the body consultations were undertaken with the responsible specialists and where necessary team-work was applied. Treatment was carried out according to the order of urgency. External wounds, wounds in the oral cavity and various fractures of the bones of the facial part of the head were therefore treated urgently and following the principles and technique described in contemporary literature. The wounds of the soft tissue healed well and in all so far treated fractures of the facial bones consolidation occurred within the normal period. Subsequent satisfactory functions of the organs concerned was also achieved with the exception of two cases of very serious injuries inflicted by fire arms with continuous defect of the mandibullar bone. These patients are undergoing special treatment. In four cases reconstructive operative interventions were necessary. These patients are partly undergoing treatment. After removal of the immobilization devices in all of these injuries complete repair of the teeth was undertaken with full definitive prosthetic replacement.Die Zunahme von Verletzungen in der maxillofazialen Region und die immer grössere Zahl von Schwerverletzten dieses Gebietes, geht auch aus unserer Kasuistik hervor. Im Laufe unserer Tätigkeit hatten wir 411 Verletzungen, darunter 273 nur der Gesichts-Weich-teile und 138 Kieferbrüche, wovon 128 geschlossene und 10 offene.Falls diese Verletzungen mit Traumen anderer Körperteile verbunden waren, wurden entsprechende Fachärzte zu Rate gezogen, und nach Bedarf die Behandlung als Teamerbeit durchgeführt. Äussere Wunden, Wunden in der Mundhöhle, als auch verschiedene Knochenbrüche des fazialen Gebietes, wurden nach den herschenden Prinzipien und Technik behandelt. Weichteilwunden heilten gut aus; sämtliche Kieferbrüche sind in der vorgesehenen Frist ausgeheilt, so dass die Funktion zufriedenstellend war. In vier Fällen waren wiederherstellende operative Eingriffe notwendig. Bei allen wurde, nach der Abnahme der Schienen, je nach Bedarf, die prothetische Versorgung durchgeführt

Acute leukemia of childhood: A single institution's experience

The aim of this study was to investigate distribution of immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of childhood acute leukemia (AL) in the cohort of 239 newly diagnosed patients registered at the leading pediatric oncohematology center in the country during a six-year period (1996-2002). With approximately 60-70% of all childhood AL cases in Serbia and Montenegro being diagnosed and treated in this institution the used data represent a valid research sample to draw conclusions for entire country. On the basis of five phenotypic markers, the distribution of immunological subtypes was as follows: 169 (70.7%) expressed B-cell marker CD19 (137 were CD10 positive and 32 CD10 negative), 37 (15.5%) belonged to T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) (cyCD3 positive), and 33 (13.8%) were acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) (CD13 positive and/or CD33 positive in the absence of lymphoid-associated antigens). The ratio of males and females was 1.5:1. Most of the cases were between the ages of 2 and 4, and were predominantly B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cases. Another peak of age distribution was observed at the age of 7. The frequency of T-ALL (18% of ALL) was similar to that reported for Mediterranean countries: France (19.4%), Greece (28.1%), Southern Italy (28.3%), and Bulgaria (28.0%). Cytogenetic analyses were performed in 193 patients: 164 ALL and 29 AML. Normal karyotype was found in 57% of ALL and in 55% of AML patients, while cytogenetic abnormalities including structural, numerical, and complex chromosomal rearrangements were found in 43% of ALL and in 45% of AML patients. Our results represent a contribution to epidemiological aspects of childhood leukemia studies