Gradient-based estimation of Manning's friction coefficient from noisy data

We study the numerical recovery of Manning's roughness coefficient for the diffusive wave approximation of the shallow water equation. We describe a conjugate gradient method for the numerical inversion. Numerical results for one-dimensional model are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the approach. Also we provide a proof of the differentiability of the weak form with respect to the coefficient as well as the continuity and boundedness of the linearized operator under reasonable assumptions using the maximal parabolic regularity theory.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure

Structural characterization of TssL from Acinetobacter baumannii: A key component of the type VI secretion system

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a complex molecular nanomachine used by Gram-negative bacteria to deliver diverse effectors into adjacent cells. A membrane complex (MC) anchors this transport system to the bacterial cell wall. One of the proteins forming the MC is TssL, a cytoplasmic protein bound to the inner membrane through a single transmembrane helix. Here, we report the structure of the cytoplasmic N-terminal region of TssL fro

Relationship between solidification microstructure and hot cracking susceptibility for continuous casting of low-carbon and high-strength low-alloyed steels: A phase-field study

© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013Hot cracking is one of the major defects in continuous casting of steels, frequently limiting the productivity. To understand the factors leading to this defect, microstructure formation is simulated for a low-carbon and two high-strength low-alloyed steels. 2D simulation of the initial stage of solidification is performed in a moving slice of the slab using proprietary multiphase-field software and taking into account all elements which are expected to have a relevant effect on the mechanical properties and structure formation during solidification. To account for the correct thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the multicomponent alloy grades, the simulation software is online coupled to commercial thermodynamic and mobility databases. A moving-frame boundary condition allows traveling through the entire solidification history starting from the slab surface, and tracking the morphology changes during growth of the shell. From the simulation results, significant microstructure differences between the steel grades are quantitatively evaluated and correlated with their hot cracking behavior according to the Rappaz-Drezet-Gremaud (RDG) hot cracking criterion. The possible role of the microalloying elements in hot cracking, in particular of traces of Ti, is analyzed. With the assumption that TiN precipitates trigger coalescence of the primary dendrites, quantitative evaluation of the critical strain rates leads to a full agreement with the observed hot cracking behavior. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International

Multi-analyte method for the quantification of bisphenol related compounds in canned food samples and exposure assessment of the Spanish adult population

Major types of internal can coatings used for food and beverages are made from synthetic polymers known as epoxy-based resins, mainly based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). The migration of components from coatings to food is a concern for food safety. A multiresidue method was developed for the identification and quantification of six bisphenols, BADGE and its derivatives, and cyclo-di-BADGE in sixteen canned food samples based on HPLC-FLD. The method developed showed excellent validation data with an adequate linearity, low detection levels, good repeatability and acceptable recoveries. Confirmation of the obtained results was made by LC–MS/MS. The exposure of the adult population to these compounds through the consumption of canned food was assessed. In general, the results suggested a low dietary exposure to this type of compounds (0.003 to 0.985 μg/kg bw/day) with values lower than the established tolerable day intake (TDI). The highest mean concentration was observed for cyclo-di-BADGE in a sample of pickled musselsS

Role of early extraction of odontogenic focus in deep neck infections

Odontogenic deep neck infections remain a common condition that presents a challenging issue due to the complex involvement of the neck and adjacent structures and its potential life-threatening risk. Periapical infection of the second or third molar with spread to the submandibular and parapharyngeal spaces is the most commonly observed scenario. However, the time of dental extraction of the infection focus remains controversial. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical and radiological features, and management in patients diagnosed with ODNI and to identify the role of early dental extraction on patient outcomes and recovery. This retrospective study included patients over 18 years old with a diagnosis of ODNI who were admitted to the University Hospital ?Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez? from January 2017 to January 2022. ODNI diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological evidence of the disease supplemented by dental and maxillofacial evaluation for an odontogenic aetiology. A total of 68 patients were included in the study. The patients? mean age was 40.96 ± 14.9. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. The submandibular space was the most common deep neck space involved (n=59, 86.8%). Mediastinitis, marginal nerve injury and orocervical fistula were observed in 7.5% of patients, with no fatality in this series. A delay of >3 days for dental extraction of the involved tooth was associated with an increased rate of mediastinitis (n=3, 100%, p= 0.022), number of surgical interventions (1.45 ± 0.61, p= 0.006), ICU stay (n=8, 40%, p= 0.019), and ICU length of stay (0.85 ± 0.8, p= 0.001). Expedited management with surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotic treatment, along with early extraction of the involved tooth, is mandatory

GC-MS screening for the identification of potential migrants present in polymeric coatings of food cans

The coatings used in cans can release complex chemical mixtures into foodstuffs. Therefore, it is important to develop analytical methods for the identification of these potential migrant compounds in packaged food to guarantee the compliance with European food packaging legislation and ensure consumer safety. In the present work, the type of coating in a total of twelve cans collected in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) were evaluated using an ATR (attenuated total reflectance)-FTIR spectrometer. These samples were analysed after extraction with acetonitrile in order to identify potential migrants through a screening method by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of forty-seven volatile and semi-volatile compounds were identified in these samples, including plasticizers, photoinitiators, antioxidants, lubricants, etc. Then, in a second step, a targeted analysis was carried out for the simultaneous determination of 13 compounds, including bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPG) and BADGEs (BADGE, BADGE.H2O, BADGE.2H2O, BADGE.HCl, BADGE.2HCl, BADGE.H2O.HCl, cyclo-di-BADGE) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) source. Among all the bisphenols analysed, only the bisphenol A was detected in four samples; while cyclo-di-BADGE was the predominant compound detected in all the samples analysed.This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and by Agencia Estatal de Investigación Ref.No. PGC2018-094518-B-I00 “MIGRACOATING” (MINECO/FEDER, UE)S

Total nutritional therapy : a nutrition education program for physicians

Objetivo: Casi la mitad de todos los pacientes hospitalizados se encuentran desnutridos y los médicos tienen muy poco conocimiento o apenas utilizan el soporte nutricional1. Para corregir este problema, la Federación Latinoamericana de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (FELANPE) ideó un curso introductorio de nutrición clínica para médicos de dos días, con el apoyo de los Laboratorios Abbott. El objetivo del tratamiento nutricional total (TNT) es ayudar al médico a aprovechar sus conocimientos de nutrición para incrementar la conciencia sobre malnutrición y aplicación del tratamiento nutricional. Desde 1997, más de 8.000 médicos han completado el curso TNT en 16 países latinoamericanos. Métodos y procedimientos experimentales: Durante 1999 y 2000, 675 participantes respondieron, seis meses después de haber terminado el curso TNT, a una encuesta en la que se pretendía averiguar la repercusión que había tenido el curso en el uso de la evaluación nutricional, los equipos de apoyo nutricional o las consultas sobre nutrición en la práctica clínica y si habían participado en alguna asociación o conferencia de nutrición. Resultados: La mayoría de los médicos que rellenaron la encuesta había aumentado el uso de las herramientas de evaluación nutricional y el tiempo dedicado a este tratamiento; asimismo, había aumentado el número de pacientes que recibieron tratamiento nutricional. Conclusiones: El curso TNT ha resultado un modelo eficiente para la educación de los médicos generales en nutrición clínica. Este curso debería integrarse en la formación de los médicos residentes.Q4Q3Objective: Almost half of all hospitalized patients are malnourished with low physician awareness or implementation of nutrition support1. To address this problem, a 2-day immersion course in clinical nutrition for physicians was developed by the Latin American Federation of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (FELANPE) with support from Abbott Laboratories. The goal of Total Nutritional Therapy (TNT) is to help physicians utilize this nutrition knowledge to increase their awareness of malnutrition and implementation of nutritional therapy. Since 1997, over 8,000 physicians have completed the TNT course in 16 Latin American countries. Research Methods & Procedures: During 1999 and 2000, 675 participants responded to a survey 6 months after having completed the TNT course to determine what impact the course had on the use of nutrition assessment, nutrition support teams, or nutrition consultations in their clinical practice, and if they had participated in any nutrition association or conferences. Results: The majority of physicians who completed the survey increased their use of nutrition assessment and time dedicated to nutrition therapy, and increased the number of their patients placed on nutrition therapy. Conclusions: The TNT course has been shown to be an efficient model of clinical nutrition education for general physicians. The course should be considered as part of the training of medical residents.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-0743N/

Length–weight relations of 39 continental-shelf and deep-water fishes (Actinopterygii) from northwestern Gulf of México

Fishes from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico were surveyed during four oceanographic campaigns (February and October 2016, June and September 2017) using a shrimp trawl net and benthic sled net in 20 locations at depths that ranged from 43 to 3608 m. Length–weight relations (LWR) were estimated for 39 fish species (in alphabetical order): Bembrops gobioides (Goode, 1880); Centropristis philadelphica (Linnaeus, 1758); Chauliodus sloani Bloch et Schneider, 1801; Chlorophthalmus agassizi Bonaparte, 1840; Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766); Citharichthys spilopterus Günther, 1862; Coelorinchus caelorhincus (Risso, 1810); Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895; Cyclothone alba Brauer, 1906; Cyclothone braueri Jespersen et Tåning, 1926; Cyclothone pseudopallida Mukhacheva, 1964; Dibranchus atlanticus Peters, 1876; Epigonus pandionis (Goode et Bean, 1881); Fowlerichthys radiosus (Garman, 1896); Laemonema goodebeanorum Meléndez et Markle, 1997; Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus, 1766); Lepophidium brevibarbe (Cuvier, 1829); Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860); Malacocephalus occidentalis Goode et Bean, 1885; Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1818); Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823); Monolene sessilicauda Goode, 1880; Ogcocephalus declivirostris Bradbury, 1980; Peristedion greyae Miller, 1967; Porichthys plectrodon Jordan et Gilbert, 1882; Prionotus longispinosus Teague, 1951; Prionotus paralatus Ginsburg, 1950; Pristipomoides aquilonaris (Goode et Bean, 1896); Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode et Bean, 1896); Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847; Saurida brasiliensis Norman, 1935; Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781; Symphurus diomedeanus (Goode et Bean, 1885); Synagrops bellus (Goode et Bean, 1896); Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920; Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758; Trichopsetta ventralis (Goode et Bean, 1885); Urophycis cirrata (Goode et Bean, 1896); Zalieutes mcgintyi (Fowler, 1952). The fish species studied represented 28 families (in alphabetical order): Antennariidae, Batrachoididae, Bembropidae, Bothidae, Carangidae, Chlorophthalmidae, Congridae, Cyclopsettidae, Cynoglossidae, Dorosomatidae, Epigonidae, Gonostomatidae, Lutjanidae, Macrouridae, Merlucciidae, Moridae, Ogcocephalidae, Ophidiidae, Phycidae, Sciaenidae, Serranidae, Sternoptychidae, Stomiidae, Synagropidae, Synodontidae, Tetraodontidae Trichiuridae, Triglidae. A new maximum standard length (SL) was recorded for Cyclothone alba, C. braueri, C. pseudopallida, and Lepophidium brevibarbe. A positive allometric growth was reported in nine species, negative allometric growth in 16 species, and isometric growth in 14 species