Atomic Focusing by Quantum Fields: Entanglement Properties

The coherent manipulation of the atomic matter waves is of great interest both in science and technology. In order to study how an atom optic device alters the coherence of an atomic beam, we consider the quantum lens proposed by Averbukh et al [1] to show the discrete nature of the electromagnetic field. We extend the analysis of this quantum lens to the study of another essentially quantum property present in the focusing process, i.e., the atom-field entanglement, and show how the initial atomic coherence and purity are affected by the entanglement. The dynamics of this process is obtained in closed form. We calculate the beam quality factor and the trace of the square of the reduced density matrix as a function of the average photon number in order to analyze the coherence and purity of the atomic beam during the focusing process.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Professional Counselors\u27 Perceptions of Knowledge, Barriers, Support and Action of Professional Advocacy

Leaders in the counseling field are encouraging practitioners to develop a social justice perspective to counseling to ensure fair and equitable treatment of clients and stress the importance of advocating on behalf of these individuals (Lee, 2007; Lee & Waltz, 1998; Lewis, Arnold, House, & Toporek, 2003; Lewis & Bradley, 2000). The counseling profession, because it is a relatively young field struggling with its own identity (Chi Sigma Iota, 2005; Eriksen, 1999; Gale & Austin, 2003; Myers & Sweeney, 2004) could also benefit from advocacy. A two-pronged approach of professional advocacy, which is the process of advocating for both clients and the profession is the most effective and comprehensive method. The results of this study were intended to bring greater insight into professional counselors\u27 willingness and ability to advocate on behalf of the profession by identifying their perceptions of activities, knowledge, skills, qualities, importance, need, barriers and support for professional advocacy, and by exploring the relationship between counseling professionals\u27 attitudes toward professional counselor advocacy and their perceived level of conducting professional advocacy activities. Results indicated that professional counselors believe that they participate in professional advocacy activities and that they have the knowledge, skills, and qualities to conduct those professional advocacy activities. They report gaining most knowledge of professional advocacy from publications, then from modeling, then conferences and workshops, then from their master\u27s or doctoral program, and last from websites. They endorsed the importance and need to conduct professional advocacy most due to needing to improve the public and professional image of counselors. Participants indicated the top three barriers to advocating are: not enough time, roadblocks caused by other professionals, and insufficient knowledge of professional advocacy strategies; however generally find support to advocate in colleagues, counselor xi educators, supervisors and professional associations. Knowledge, skill, qualities, importance/need, barriers and support produced positive relationships when correlated to professional advocacy activities meaning that they will be more involved in professional counselor advocacy activities if they endorse these ideas. Additionally, several barriers produced significant, negative relationships with advocacy activities indicating that if they perceive barriers, they are less likely to be involved in those advocacy activities

Las inhumaciones perinatales de el Castejón de Bargota (Navarra)

Se analizan los restos esqueléticos de dos perinatales, procedentes de un yacimiento de la Edad del Hierro de la cuenca del Ebro. Ambos proceden de la misma vivienda

New Light in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies: The PMAS Integral Field View of the Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy Mrk 409

We present an integral field spectroscopic study of the central 2x2 kpc^2 of the blue compact dwarf galaxy Mrk 409, observed with the Potsdam MultiAperture Spectrophotometer. This study focuses on the morphology, two-dimensional chemical abundance pattern, excitation properties and kinematics of the ionized interstellar medium in the starburst component. We also investigate the nature of the extended ring of ionized gas emission surrounding the bright nuclear starburst region of Mrk 409. PMAS spectra of selected regions along the ring, interpreted with evolutionary and population synthesis models, indicate that their ionized emission is mainly due to a young stellar population with a total mass of ~1.5x10^6 M_sun, which started forming almost coevally ~10 Myr ago. This stellar component is likely confined to the collisional interface of a spherically expanding, starburst-driven super-bubble with denser, swept-up ambient gas, ~600 pc away from the central starburst nucleus. The spectroscopic properties of the latter imply a large extinction (C_H-beta>0.9), and the presence of an additional non-thermal ionization source, most likely a low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus. Mrk 409 shows a relatively large oxygen abundance (12+log(O/H)~8.4) and no chemical abundance gradients out to R~600 pc. The ionized gas kinematics displays an overall regular rotation on a northwest-southwest axis, with a maximum velocity of 60 km/s; the total mass inside the star-forming ring is about 1.4x10^9 M_sun.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Una visión de la infancia desde la osteoarqueología: de la Prehistoria reciente a la Edad Media

Our main goal with this text is to show different examples of children from paleopathological and anthropological studies from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. This analysis allows us first to evaluate the importance of studies carried out in the Iberian Peninsula and second to open new perspectives about the study of childhood as a relevant category of historical analysis.Nuestro objetivo en este texto es mostrar varios ejemplos de infantiles procedentes de estudios antropológicos y paleopatológicos desde el Neolítico a la Edad Media que nos permita, por un lado, valorar la importancia de los estudios realizados en nuestro entorno, y por otro, abrir un panorama de reflexión a la hora de afrontar nuevos proyectos en los que la infancia pueda ser reconocida como parte fundamental de la Historia

Improvement on binding of chondroitin sulfate derivatives to midkine by increasing hydrophobicity

The interactions between chondroitin sulfate (CS) and a wide number of proteins modulate important biological processes. Here, the binding properties to midkine and pleiotrophin of sulfated, fully protected intermediates, typically obtained in the chemical synthesis of CS oligosaccharides, were tested for the first time. Using a fluorescence polarization competition experiment, we discovered that these synthetic precursors strongly bound these two closely related cytokines involved in cancer and inflammation. The relative binding affinities of these intermediates were significantly higher than those displayed by the corresponding fully deprotected oligosaccharides, indicating that the presence of hydrophobic protecting groups strongly enhanced the binding of CS-like derivatives to midkine. These compounds offer novel opportunities for the development of potent inhibitors/activators of CS-protein interactions with potential therapeutic applications.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CTQ2012-3260

Mantillo de las especies leñosas de matorrales del NO de la Patagonia: abundancia, composición, estructura y heterogeneidad

El mantillo es un componente importante de los ecosistemas, que afecta tanto la dinámica de nutrientes como las condiciones de micrositio (e.g., radiación, temperatura y retención de humedad del suelo) y, en consecuencia, puede tener diferentes tipos de efectos sobre la regeneración de las especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, bajo el dosel de 15 especies leñosas, muy frecuentes en los matorrales del NO de la Patagonia, la abundancia, composición, estructura y heterogeneidad del mantillo y la producción de material senescente/año. El mantillo total acumulado varió entre 347,9 y 2534,7 gm-2. El mantillo y la producción de material senescente/año fue baja comparada con otros ecosistemas y similar a la del monte Patagónico. La heterogeneidad del mantillo fue similar entre la mayoría de las especies. Las especies perennifolias tuvieron mayor acumulación de mantillo y producción de material senescente por año que las especies caducifolias. Esto podría tener implicancias en la regeneración y ciclado de nutrientes a escala de comunidad. En ambos grupos funcionales se encontraron especies con valores extremos y otras que representan un gradiente de variación. Esto contribuye a darle a este sistema una alta diversidad de micrositios asociada al mantillo.Fil: Gobbi, M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Raffaele, Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: de Paz, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin