The Effect of Local Element Density on Processing of Visual Hierarchical Patterns: An Infant ERP Study

Previous research with infants, children, and adults has shown that global, or configural, information is processed before local, or featural, information in high density visual hierarchical patterns (Freeseman, Colombo, & Coldren, 1993; Ghim & Eimas, 1988; Kimchi, 1988; Navon, 1981; Navon, 1977). The current study used event-related potential to determine if a well documented bias toward global processing in infancy can be disrupted when the number and density of local elements is reduced through increasing the distance between elements. Infant responses were compared between high and low density conditions to global and local novel patterns and to familiar patterns. A significant interaction was found between stimulus type and stimulus density in the Late Slow Wave component. The findings are consistent with previous research which shows that infants process high density visual patterns at the global level, and also indicate that infants fail to effectively process either global or local information in low density hierarchical patterns

Analysis of Godiva-IV delayed-critical and static super-prompt-critical conditions

Super-prompt-critical burst experiments were conducted on the Godiva-IV assembly at Los Alamos National Laboratory from the 1960s through 2005. Detailed and simplified benchmark models have been constructed for four delayed-critical experiments and for the static phase of a super-prompt-critical burst experiment. In addition, a two-dimensional cylindrical model has been developed for the super-prompt-critical condition. Criticality calculations have been performed for all of those models with four modern nuclear data libraries: ENDFIB-VI, ENDF/8-VII.0, JEFF-3.1 , and JENDL-3.3. Overall, JENDL-3.3 produces the best agreement with the reference values for k{sub eff}

Neural correlates of individuation and categorization of other-species faces in infancy

The goal of this study was to investigate 9-month-old infants' ability to individuate and categorize other-species faces at the subordinate level. We were also interested in examining the effects of initial exposure conditions on infant categorization and individuation processes. Infants were either familiarized with a single monkey face in an individuation procedure or familiarized with multiple exemplars of monkey faces from the same species in a categorization procedure. Event-related potentials were recorded while the infants were presented: familiar faces, novel faces from the familiar species, or novel faces from a novel species. The categorization group categorized monkey faces by species at the subordinate level, whereas the individuation group did not discriminate monkey faces at the individual or subordinate level. These findings indicate initial exposure to multiple exemplars facilitates infant processing of other-species faces, and infants are efficient at subordinate-level categorization at 9 months of age

Metabolically exaggerated cardiac reactions to acute psychological stress: The effects of resting blood pressure status and possible underlying mechanisms

The study aimed to: confirm that acute stress elicits metabolically exaggerated increases in cardiac activity; test whether individuals with elevated resting blood pressure show more exaggerated cardiac reactions to stress than those who are clearly normotensive; and explore the underlying mechanisms. Cardiovascular activity and oxygen consumption were measured pre-, during, and post- mental stress, and during graded submaximal cycling exercise in 11 young men with moderately elevated resting blood pressure and 11 normotensives. Stress provoked increases in cardiac output that were much greater than would be expected from contemporary levels of oxygen consumption. Exaggerated cardiac reactions were larger in the relatively elevated blood pressure group. They also had greater reductions in total peripheral resistance, but not heart rate variability, implying that their more exaggerated cardiac reactions reflected greater β-adrenergic activation

Costing juvenile idiopathic arthritis: examining patient-based costs during the first year after diagnosis

Objectives. There are few data on the treatment patterns and associated cost of treating children with inflammatory arthritis including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), in the short or long term. The aim of this study was to obtain patient-based costs for treating children with JIA in the UK, in the first year from diagnosis and from the secondary health care payer perspective

Outlier detection for multivariate categorical data

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in “ Quality and Reliability Engineering International ” on 06th June 2018, available online: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/qre.2339The detection of outlying rows in a contingency table is tackled from a Bayesian perspective, by adapting the framework adopted by Box and Tiao for normal models to multinomial models with random effects. The solution assumes a 2–component mixture model of 2 multinomial continuous mixtures for them, one for the nonoutlier rows and the second one for the outlier rows. The method starts by estimating the distributional characteristics of nonoutlier rows, and then it does cluster analysis to identify which rows belong to the outlier group and which do not. The method applies to any type of contingency table, and in particular, it could be used on the analysis of multivariate categorical control charts. Here, the use of the method is illustrated through a simulated example and by applying it to help identify heterogeneities of style among the acts in the plays of the First Folio edition of Shakespeare dramaPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Assembly of the Red Sequence in Infrared-Selected Galaxy Clusters from the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey

We present results for the assembly and star formation histories of massive (~L*) red sequence galaxies in 11 spectroscopically confirmed, infrared-selected galaxy clusters at 1.0 < z < 1.5, the precursors to present-day massive clusters with M ~ 10^15 M_sun. Using rest-frame optical photometry, we investigate evolution in the color and scatter of the red sequence galaxy population, comparing with models of possible star formation histories. In contrast to studies of central cluster galaxies at lower redshift (z < 1), these data are clearly inconsistent with the continued evolution of stars formed and assembled primarily at a single, much-earlier time. Specifically, we find that the colors of massive cluster galaxies at z = 1.5 imply that the bulk of star formation occurred at z ~ 3, whereas by z = 1 their colors imply formation at z ~ 2; therefore these galaxies exhibit approximately the same luminosity-weighted stellar age at 1 < z < 1.5. This likely reflects star formation that occurs over an extended period, the effects of significant progenitor bias, or both. Our results generally indicate that massive cluster galaxy populations began forming a significant mass of stars at z >~ 4, contained some red spheroids by z ~ 1.5, and were actively assembling much of their final mass during 1 < z < 2 in the form of younger stars. Qualitatively, the slopes of the cluster color-magnitude relations are consistent with no significant evolution relative to local clusters.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted to Ap

Analysis of hot and cold Kritz benchmark with MCNP5 and temperature-specific nuclear data libraries

One of the longstanding obstacles to the use of the MCNP Monte Carlo code' for reactor physics calculations has been its requirement for nuclear data libraries at the temperature associated with the application of interest. Recently, however, an auxiliary code, named 'doppler,' has been developed that uses an existing nuclear data library as the basis for generating a new library at the desired temperature. doppler has simple input and is straightforward to use. Libraries generated with doppler and based on the existing ENDF66 library have been developed for three hot Kritz benchmark. Results obtained from MCNPS for those hot benchmarks and their cold (ie., room-temperature) counterparts are presented herein