Factores de riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población adulta. Barranquilla, Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar los factores sociodemográficos y el estilo de vida relacionados con el riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población adulta del distrito de Barranquilla. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal realizado en 322 adultos sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), 79,5% mujeres (256) y 20,5 % hombres (66), seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado de las viviendas de 59 manzanas, en el año 2016. Se aplicó cuestionario para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de ECNT para identificar variables sociodemográficas y estilos de vida, se determinó el riesgo de desarrollar DM2 mediante el test Findrisk. Resultados: El promedio del riesgo global de DM2 fue de 7,413 ± 4,403, el 16,77% (54) presentó riesgo alto, medio 37,8%, (122) y bajo 45,3%, (146). El riesgo alto y medio fue mayor en mujeres; un 96,8% fue de estrato socioeconómico 1, el 31,06% tenían educación primaria; la ocupación predominante fue labor doméstica en 48,14%, los ingresos inferiores a un salario mínimo en el 77,02%; el 42,06% consume bebidas alcohólicas, el 5,59% fuma cigarrillo; el 30,4% consume diariamente frutas y el 69% verduras, el 25,16% practica actividad física, el 25,16% padece hipertensión arterial y el 23,6% hipercolesterolemia. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el riesgo de DM2 (p=0,000) y las variables sexo femenino, edad mayor de 45 años; sobrepeso y obesidad según IMC, obesidad abdominal, práctica de la actividad física, bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, hiperlipidemias e hipertensión arterial, bajo nivel educativo y nivel de ingresos inferior a dos salarios mínimos. Conclusión: Se ratifica la importancia de generar un escenario de bienestar sostenible a futuro que considere la prevención primaria y secundaria con medidas para mejorar el estilo de vida: la actividad física y la alimentación para mantener un peso saludable y controlar el riesgo de DM2, acompañadas de intervenciones para disminuir la vulnerabilidad social y económica en que vive la población

Los mamíferos salvajes terrestres como bioindicadores: nuevos avances en Ecotoxicología

Ecotoxicology as science pretends to correctly identify problems associated to the presence and the effect of chemical substances in the environmental and the wildlife. In this field, the presence of heavy metals on ecosystems constitutes a serious problem, for both their elevated environmental persistence and high toxicity for wildlife. In this sense, the present paper shows a review concerning more recent advances in the modern biomonitoring methodologies, using wild mammals and making differences between destructive and non-destructive methods. L’Ecotoxicologie comme science cherche identifier correcte des problèmes dérivés de la présence et effet des substances chimiques dans l’environnement et les êtres vivants. Dans ce domaine, la présence des métaux lourds dans les écosystèmes constitue un problème très sérieux, pour son élevé persistance environnementale et son haute toxicité pour tous les organismes vivants. Dans ce sens, le présent travaille fait une révision à propos des progrès dans les modernes méthodologies de biomonitoring, avec l’emploie des mammifères sauvages et en faisant une distinction à la méthodologie employee (méthodes destructives et non destructives).La Ecotoxicología como ciencia busca identificar adecuadamente los problemas derivados de la presencia y efecto de sustancias químicas en el medio ambiente y los seres vivos. Dentro de este campo, la presencia de metales pesados en los ecosistemas constituye un serio problema, tanto por su elevada persistencia medioambiental como por su alta toxicidad para todos los organismos vivos. En este sentido, el presente trabajo realiza una revisión sobre los avances más recientes ocurridos en las modernas metodologías de biomonitorización, empleando para ello mamíferos salvajes y haciendo distinción en la metodología empleada (métodos destructivos y no destructivos)

Global kinematics study of OH masers in W49N

Star formation is underway in the W49N molecular cloud (MC) at a high level of efficiency, with almost twenty ultra-compact (UC) HII regions observed thus far, indicating a recent formation of massive stars. Previous works have suggested that this cloud is undergoing a global contraction. We analyse the data on OH masers in the molecular cloud W49N, observed with the VLBA at the 1612, 1665, and 1667 MHz transitions in LCP and RCP with an aim to study the global kinematics of the masers. We carried out our study based on the locations and observed velocities of the maser spots. The velocities were fitted to the straight line of V$_{obs}$-V$_{sys}$ versus d$_{(\alpha, \delta)m}$, resulting in V$_{ftd}$. The difference between the fitted values and those obtained from observations is $\Delta$V. The V$_{obs}$-V$_{sys}$ velocity shows a gradient as a function of the distance to ($\alpha, \delta$)$_{m}$, where the closer spots have the largest velocities. Spots with similar velocities are located in different sectors, with respect to ($\alpha, \delta$)$_{m}$. Then, we assumed that the spots are moving towards a contraction centre (CC$_{OH}$), which is at the apex of a CONUS. We also assumed that the distance of each spot to CC$_{OH}$ is d$_{cc}$ and that they fall with a velocity V$_{CC}$, with the total velocity being V$_{Tot}$. Using this velocity, we estimated the free-fall velocity. The observed dispersion with respect to the global trend against $d_{cc}$, shows a maximum at 0.12 pc, with a decay from 0.12 to 0.19 pc, which is faster than that taking place between 0.19 and 0.42 pc. Based on $V_{tot}$ an inner mass of M$_{inn}$=2500 $M_{\odot}$ was estimated.The velocities of the OH spots at W49N, together with their positions respect $(\alpha, \delta)_m$, make it possible to trace a global kinematics, which seems to be due to a subcollapse in the W49N molecular cloud.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure

The Iron abundance in Galactic Planetary Nebulae

We constrain the iron abundance in a sample of 33 low-ionization Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) using [Fe III] lines and correcting for the contribution of higher ionization states with ionization correction factors (ICFs) that take into account uncertainties in the atomic data. We find very low iron abundances in all the objects, suggesting that more than 90% of their iron atoms are condensed onto dust grains. This number is based on the solar iron abundance and implies a lower limit on the dust-to-gas mass ratio, due solely to iron, of M_dust/M_gas>1.3x10^{-3} for our sample. The depletion factors of different PNe cover about two orders of magnitude, probably reflecting differences in the formation, growth, or destruction of their dust grains. However, we do not find any systematic difference between the gaseous iron abundances calculated for C-rich and O-rich PNe, suggesting similar iron depletion efficiencies in both environments. The iron abundances of our sample PNe are similar to those derived following the same procedure for a group of 10 Galactic H II regions. These high depletion factors argue for high depletion efficiencies of refractory elements onto dust grains both in molecular clouds and AGB stars, and low dust destruction efficiencies both in interstellar and circumstellar ionized gas.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 15 pages, 4 Postscript figures, corrected typos, Tables 2 and 3 correcte

Non-random distribution of biocrust in a natural arid environment in the northern mexican plateau

Abstract. Biocrust, as photosynthetic organisms, has been considered to show an inversely proportional relationship with vascular plant cover. However, some studies report association and facilitation relationships between them. This research explores whether i) biocrust is associated with shrub species, ii) biocrust cover is higher in undershrub microenvironments than in open areas between plants and, iii) soil moisture and solar radiation affect biocrust distribution. Biocrust cover was analyzed by morphotype in microenvironments under the canopy of two dominant shrub species (Larrea tridentata and Parthenium incanum) and in open areas. Soil moisture and solar radiation were recorded at each microenvironment. Thirty-three interception lines (975 points) were used to analyze the association between vascular plants and biocrust and 20 sampling plots to estimate morphotype cover. Results reveal a positive association between biocrust and plant species compared to open areas. Lichens and cyanobacteria showed a higher cover under L. tridentata than under P. incanum and in open areas, suggesting a species-specific facilitative association with L. tridentata, maybe due to a higher soil water content in this microenvironment. Mosses had lower cover in the open area where the highest solar radiation was recorded. Lichens and cyanobacteria distribution appeared to be related to soil moisture. Keywords: creosote bush, cyanobacteria, lichens, mosses, northeastern Mexic

Topology and excited state multiplicity as controlling factors in the carbazole-photosensitized CPD formation and repair

Photosensitized thyminethymine (ThyThy) formation and repair can be mediated by carbazole (Cbz). The former occurs from the Cbz triplet excited state via energy transfer, while the latter takes place from the singlet excited state via electron transfer. Here, fundamental insight is provided into the role of the topology and excited state multiplicity, as factors governing the balance between both processes. This has been achieved upon designing and synthesizing different isomers of trifunctional systems containing one Cbz and two Thy units covalently linked to the rigid skeleton of the natural deoxycholic acid. The results shown here prove that the Cbz photosensitized dimerization is not counterbalanced by repair when the latter, instead of operating through-space, has to proceed through-bond. © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

Loading of antibiotic into biocoated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: smart antitumor platforms with regulated release

In this research we propose a nanoplatform for anticancer therapy that is based on the combination of three components: (1) an antibiotic to target selectively the mitochondria of cancer cells, inhibiting their functions; (2) mineral nanoparticles (NPs) able to encapsulate the antibiotic and to enter into the cells across the cell membrane; and (3) a biocoating to protect the antibiotic during and/or after its regulated release, increasing its therapeutic efficacy. Chloramphenicol (CAM), a prototypical wide-spectrum antibiotic, has been used to induce mitochondrial-dysfunctions in cancer cells. Different in situ synthetic strategies have been tested to load such antibiotic into both crystalline hydroxyapatite (cHAp) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) NPs. cHAp NPs showed higher loading capacity, in terms of encapsulation and superficial adsorption of CAM, and slower antibiotic release than ACP NPs. On the other hand, the protecting role played by biocoatings based on pyrophosphate and, especially, triphosphate was greater than that of biophosphonates, the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of CAM being maximized by the former. In vitro studies using healthy and cancer cell lines have demonstrated that in situ CAM-loaded cHAp NPs coated with triphosphate selectively kill a great population of cancer cells, evidencing the potential of this nanoplatform in cancer treatment.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version