Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep, sedentary and active behaviors with mental health in older people: a compositional data analysis from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study

Abstract Background Most studies on the effects of sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), and physical activity (PA) on mental health did not account for the intrinsically compositional nature of the time spent in several behaviors. Thus, we examined the cross-sectional and prospective associations of device-measured compositional time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with depression symptoms, loneliness, happiness, and global mental health in older people (≥ 65 years). Methods Data were taken from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study, with assessments in 2015–2017 (wave 0) and 2018–2019 (wave 1). Time spent in sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA was assessed by wrist-worn accelerometers. Depression symptoms, loneliness, happiness, and global mental health were self-reported using validated questionnaires. Analyses were performed using a compositional data analysis (CoDA) paradigm and adjusted for potential confounders. Results In cross-sectional analyses at wave 0 (n = 2489), time-use composition as a whole was associated with depression and happiness (all p < 0.01). The time spent in MVPA relative to other behaviors was beneficially associated with depression (γ = -0.397, p < 0.001), loneliness (γ = -0.124, p = 0.017) and happiness (γ = 0.243, p < 0.001). Hypothetically, replacing 30-min of Sleep, SB or LPA with MVPA was beneficially cross-sectionally related with depression (effect size [ES] ranged -0.326 to -0.246), loneliness (ES ranged -0.118 to -0.073), and happiness (ES ranged 0.152 to 0.172). In prospective analyses (n = 1679), MVPA relative to other behaviors at baseline, was associated with favorable changes in global mental health (γ = 0.892, p = 0.049). We observed a beneficial prospective effect on global mental health when 30-min of sleep (ES = 0.521), SB (ES = 0.479) or LPA (ES = 0.755) were theoretically replaced for MVPA. Conclusions MVPA was cross-sectionally related with reduced depression symptoms and loneliness and elevated level of happiness, and prospectively related with enhanced global mental health. Compositional isotemporal analyses showed that hypothetically replacing sleep, SB or LPA with MVPA could result in modest but significantly improvements on mental health indicators. Our findings add evidence to the emerging body of research on 24-h time-use and health using CoDA and suggest an integrated role of daily behaviors on mental health in older people

Follow-up in healthy schoolchildren and in adolescents with DOWN syndrome: psycho-environmental and genetic determinants of physical activity and its impact on fitness, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory biomarkers and mental health; the UP&DOWN Study

[Background] An objective diagnosis of sedentary behaviour as well as of the physical activity and fitness levels in youth and to better understand how lifestyle is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and other phenotypes is of clinical and public health interest, and might be informative for developing intervention studies focused on the promotion of physical activity in these population. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and assessment in the UP&DOWN study. [Methods/Design] The UP&DOWN study is a multi-center follow-up design where 2225 Spanish primary and secondary schoolchildren from Cadiz and Madrid, respectively, as well as 110 Spanish adolescents with Down syndrome from Madrid and Toledo were recruited to be assessed. Nine main measurement categories are assessed: i) socio-demographic and early determinants; ii) environmental determinants; iii) physical activity and sedentary behaviour; iv) health-related fitness; v) blood pressure and resting heart rate; vi) mental health; vii) dietary patterns; viii) blood samples; and ix) genetic analysis. During the 3-yr follow-up study, socio-demographic and early determinants, and genetic analysis are only assessed in the first year. Blood sampling is assessed in the first year and the third year (2nd follow-up), and all the other measurements are assessed every year. [Discussion] The findings of the UP&DOWN study may help the Health Information Systems and policy makers to identify the target population for primary prevention and health promotion policies, and to develop and test preventive strategies. Moreover, these data will allow following the trends at population level, as well as to modify/adapt/create new evidence-based physical activity guidelines at national level. The findings will also serve as a scientific platform for interventional studies.This study was supported by the DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01, DEP 2010-21662-C04-02, DEP 2010-21662-C04-03, DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) RYC-2010-05957 grants from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN

IEOOS: the Spanish Institute of Oceanography Observing System

En prens

Eficàcia i seguretat d’un tractament oral a base de mucopolisacàrids, col·lagen tipus I i vitamina C en pacients amb tendinopaties

Introducció i objectius La tendinopatia és una lesió freqüent durant la pràctica esportiva que es manifesta amb una alteració estructural del tendó. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi fou avaluar l’eficàcia i la seguretat d’un complement alimentari a base de mucopolisacàrids, col·lagen tipus i i vitamina C (Tendoactive®) sobre l’evolució clínica i estructural de les tendinopaties del tendó d’Aquil·les, del rotular i de l’epicòndil lateral del colze. Material i mètodes Es realitzà un estudi multicèntric prospectiu, de tipus exploratori en fase iv, obert i no comparatiu. S’inclogueren un total de 98 pacients amb tendinopaties (32 d’Aquil·les, 32 de rotular i 34 de l’epicòndil lateral) que reberen una dosi diària de 435 mg de mucopolisacàrids, 75 mg de col·lagen tipus i i 60 mg de vitamina C (equivalent a 3 càpsules al dia de Tendoactive®) durant 90 dies consecutius. Mensualment s’avaluà el dolor en repòs i en activitat mitjançant una escala visual analògica (EVA), la funció articular mitjançant els qüestionaris VISA-A, VISA-P i PRTEE, i el tendó afectat es caracteritzà ecogràficament. Resultats En els 3 tipus de tendinopatia es registrà una reducció significativa del dolor, tant en repòs com en activitat, des de la primera visita de control (dia 30) fins al final de l’estudi (dia 90). Així mateix, el dia 90 es detectà una millora del 38% en VISA-A, del 46% en VISA-P i del 77% en PRTEE (p < 0,001). Simultàniament es registrà una reducció del 12% en el gruix del tendó d’Aquil·les, del 10% en el rotular i del 20% en el tendó de l’epicòndil lateral (p < 0,05). Conclusions Els resultats de l’estudi indiquen que l’administració de Tendoactive® és segura i eficaç per millorar els símptomes clínics i l’evolució estructural de les tendinopaties del tendó d’Aquil·les, del tendó rotular i del tendó de l’epicòndil lateral

Nesfatin-1 in human and murine cardiomyocytes: synthesis, secretion, and mobilization of GLUT-4

Nesfatin-1, a satiety-inducing peptide identified in hypothalamic regions that regulate energy balance, is an integral regulator of energy homeostasis and a putative glucose-dependent insulin coadjuvant. We investigated its production by human cardiomyocytes and its effects on glucose uptake, in the main cardiac glucose transporter GLUT-4 and in intracellular signaling. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blots, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and ELISA of human and murine cardiomyocytes and/or cardiac tissue showed that cardiomyocytes can synthesize and secrete nesfatin-1. Confocal microscopy of cultured cardiomyocytes after GLUT-4 labeling showed that nesfatin-1 mobilizes this glucose transporter to cell peripherals. The rate of 2-deoxy-D-[(3)H]glucose incorporation demonstrated that nesfatin-1 induces glucose uptake by HL-1 cells and cultured cardiomyocytes. Nesfatin-1 induced dose- and time-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and AS160. In murine and human cardiac tissue, nesfatin-1 levels varied with diet and coronary health. In conclusion, human and murine cardiomyocytes can synthesize and secrete nesfatin-1, which is able to induce glucose uptake and the mobilization of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in these cells. Nesfatin-1 cardiac levels are regulated by diet and coronary health

The efficacy and safety of oral mucopolysaccharide, type I collagen and vitamin C treatment in tendinopathy patients

Introduction and objectives Tendinopathy, which is accompanied by structural changes to the tendon, is a common sporting injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a nutritional supplement containing mucopolysaccharides, type I collagen and vitamin C (TendoactiveTM) on the clinical and structural evolution of tendinopathies of the Achilles tendon, patellar tendon and lateral epicondyle tendon in the elbow. Materials and methods A multicenter, open-label, non-comparative, prospective, exploratory phase iv study was performed. A total of 98 tendinopathy patients (32 Achilles, 32 patellar and 34 lateral epicondylar), who received a daily dose of 435 mg mucopolysaccharides, 75 mg type i collagen and 60 mg vitamin C (equivalent to three capsules of TendoactiveTM per day) for 90 consecutive days, were included. Every month, pain at rest and when active was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), joint function was assessed using the VISA-A, VISA-P and PRTEE questionnaires, and the tendon affected was characterized by ultrasound. Results A significant reduction in pain both at rest and when active was observed between the first control visit (day 30) and the end of the study (day 90) for all three types of tendinopathy. Thus, a 38% improvement in VISA-A, 46% in VISA-P and 77% in PRTEE was observed on day 90 (P < .001). Similarly, a 12% decrease in the thickness of the Achilles tendon, a 10% decrease in the patellar tendon and a 20% decrease in the lateral epicondyle tendon was observed (P < .05). Conclusions The results of this study show that the administration of TendoactiveTM is safe and effective for improving the clinical symptoms and structural evolution of tendinopathies of the Achilles, patella and lateral epicondyle tendons

Eficacia y seguridad de un tratamiento oral a base de mucopolisacáridos, colágeno tipo i y vitamina C en pacientes con tendinopatías

Introducción y objetivos La tendinopatía es una lesión frecuente durante la práctica deportiva que cursa con una alteración estructural del tendón. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de un complemento alimentario a base de mucopolisacáridos, colágeno tipo i y vitamina C (Tendoactive®) sobre la evolución clínica y estructural de las tendinopatías del tendón de Aquiles, rotuliano y del epicóndilo lateral del codo. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico prospectivo, de tipo exploratorio en fase iv , abierto y no comparativo. Se incluyeron un total de 98 pacientes con tendinopatías (32 de Aquiles, 32 de rotuliano y 34 del epicóndilo lateral) que recibieron una dosis diaria de 435 mg de mucopolisacáridos, 75 mg de colágeno tipo i y 60 mg de vitamina C (equivalente a 3 cápsulas al día de Tendoactive®) durante 90 días consecutivos. Mensualmente se evaluó el dolor en reposo y en actividad mediante una escala visual analógica (EVA), la función articular mediante los cuestionarios VISA-A, VISA-P y PRTEE, y se caracterizó ecográficamente el tendón afectado. Resultados En los 3 tipos de tendinopatía se registró una reducción significativa del dolor tanto en reposo como en actividad desde la primera visita de control (día 30) hasta el final del estudio (día 90). Asimismo el día 90 se detectó una mejora del 38% en VISA-A, del 46% en VISA-P y del 77% en PRTEE (p < 0,001). Simultáneamente se registró una reducción del 12% en el grosor del tendón de Aquiles, del 10% en el rotuliano y del 20% en el tendón del epicóndilo lateral (p < 0,05). Conclusiones Los resultados del estudio indican que la administración de Tendoactive® es segura y eficaz para mejorar los síntomas clínicos y la evolución estructural de las tendinopatías del tendón de Aquiles, tendón rotuliano y tendón del epicóndilo lateral

Lack of replication of higher genetic risk load in men than in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Introduction: We aimed to replicate a recent study which showed higher genetic risk load at 15 loci in men than in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This difference was very significant, and it was interpreted as indicating that men require more genetic susceptibility than women to develop SLE. Methods: Nineteen SLE-associated loci (thirteen of which are shared with the previous study) were analyzed in 1,457 SLE patients and 1,728 healthy controls of European ancestry. Genetic risk load was calculated as sex-specific sum genetic risk scores (GRS(s)). Results: Our results did not replicate those of the previous study at either the level of individual loci or the global level of GRS(s). GRS(s) were larger in women than in men (4.20 ± 1.07 in women vs. 3.27 ± 0.98 in men). This very significant difference (P < 10(-16)) was more dependent on the six new loci not included in the previous study (59% of the difference) than on the thirteen loci that are shared (the remaining 41%). However, the 13 shared loci also showed a higher genetic risk load in women than in men in our study (P = 6.6 × 10(-7)), suggesting that heterogeneity of participants, in addition to different loci, contributed to the opposite results. Conclusion: Our results show the lack of a clear trend toward higher genetic risk in one of the sexes for the analyzed SLE loci. They also highlight several limitations of assessments of genetic risk load, including the possibility of ascertainment bias with loci discovered in studies that have included mainly women

Quantification of dissolved CO2 plumes at the Goldeneye CO2-release experiment

According to many prognostic scenarios by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a scaling-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) by several orders-of-magnitude is necessary to meet the target of ≤2 °C global warming by 2100 relative to preindustrial levels. Since a large fraction of the predicted CO2 storage capacity lies offshore, there is a pressing need to develop field-tested methods to detect and quantify potential leaks in the marine environment. Here, we combine field measurements with numerical models to determine the flow rate of a controlled release of CO2 in a shallow marine setting at about 119 m water depth in the North Sea. In this experiment, CO2 was injected into the sediment at 3 m depth at 143 kg d-1. The new leakage monitoring tool predicts that 91 kg d-1 of CO2 escaped across the seafloor, and that 51 kg d-1 of CO2 were retained in the sediment, in agreement with independent field estimates. The new approach relies mostly on field data collected from ship-deployed technology (towed sensors, Acoustic Doppler current profiler—ADCP), which makes it a promising tool to monitor existing and upcoming offshore CO2 storage sites and to detect and quantify potential CO2 leakage

Evolutionary Analyses of Entire Genomes Do Not Support the Association of mtDNA Mutations with Ras/MAPK Pathway Syndromes

BACKGROUND: There are several known autosomal genes responsible for Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes, including Noonan syndrome (NS) and related disorders (such as LEOPARD, neurofibromatosis type 1), although mutations of these genes do not explain all cases. Due to the important role played by the mitochondrion in the energetic metabolism of cardiac muscle, it was recently proposed that variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome could be a risk factor in the Noonan phenotype and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a common clinical feature in Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes. In order to test these hypotheses, we sequenced entire mtDNA genomes in the largest series of patients suffering from Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes analyzed to date (n = 45), most of them classified as NS patients (n = 42). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The results indicate that the observed mtDNA lineages were mostly of European ancestry, reproducing in a nutshell the expected haplogroup (hg) patterns of a typical Iberian dataset (including hgs H, T, J, and U). Three new branches of the mtDNA phylogeny (H1j1, U5b1e, and L2a5) are described for the first time, but none of these are likely to be related to NS or Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes when observed under an evolutionary perspective. Patterns of variation in tRNA and protein genes, as well as redundant, private and heteroplasmic variants, in the mtDNA genomes of patients were as expected when compared with the patterns inferred from a worldwide mtDNA phylogeny based on more than 8700 entire genomes. Moreover, most of the mtDNA variants found in patients had already been reported in healthy individuals and constitute common polymorphisms in human population groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: As a whole, the observed mtDNA genome variation in the NS patients was difficult to reconcile with previous findings that indicated a pathogenic role of mtDNA variants in NS