Stages of steady diffusion growth of a gas bubble in strongly supersaturated gas-liquid solution

Gas bubble growth as a result of diffusion flux of dissolved gas molecules from the surrounding supersaturated solution to the bubble surface is studied. The condition of the flux steadiness is revealed. A limitation from below on the bubble radius is considered. Its fulfillment guarantees the smallness of fluctuation influence on bubble growth and irreversibility of this process. Under the conditions of steadiness of diffusion flux three stages of bubble growth are marked out. With account for Laplace forces in the bubble intervals of bubble size change and time intervals of these stages are found. The trend of the third stage towards the self-similar regime of the bubble growth, when Laplace forces in the bubble are completely neglected, is described analytically.Comment: 22 page

Cyclic Di-GMP-Mediated Repression of Swarming Motility by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 Requires the MotAB Stator

The second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) plays a critical role in the regulation of motility. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, c-di-GMP inversely controls biofilm formation and surface swarming motility, with high levels of this dinucleotide signal stimulating biofilm formation and repressing swarming. P. aeruginosa encodes two stator complexes, MotAB and MotCD, that participate in the function of its single polar flagellum. Here we show that the repression of swarming motility requires a functional MotAB stator complex. Mutating the motAB genes restores swarming motility to a strain with artificially elevated levels of c-di-GMP as well as stimulates swarming in the wild-type strain, while overexpression of MotA from a plasmid represses swarming motility. Using point mutations in MotA and the FliG rotor protein of the motor supports the conclusion that MotA-FliG interactions are critical for c-di-GMP-mediated swarming inhibition. Finally, we show that high c-di-GMP levels affect the localization of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MotD fusion, indicating a mechanism whereby this second messenger has an impact on MotCD function. We propose that when c-di-GMP level is high, the MotAB stator can displace MotCD from the motor, thereby affecting motor function. Our data suggest a newly identified means of c-di-GMP-mediated control of surface motility, perhaps conserved among Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and other organisms that encode two stator systems

НАШ ДОСВІД ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПРЕПАРАТУ ЛІВАРОЛ ПРИ КАНДИДОЗНИХ ВУЛЬВОВАГІНІТАХ

Останнім часом відмічено зростання частоти вагінальних кандидозів, терапія пероральними препаратами не завжди можлива,а інтравагінальні препарати малоефективні, оскільки розвинулись гриби, резистентні до антимікотичних препаратів. Найбільш ефективні препарату на основі кетоконазолу, а єдиною вагінальною формою його є Ліварол. Метою роботи була порівняльна оцінка застосування антимікотичного препарата фірми „Нижфарм” Ліварол для місцевої терапії вагінального кандидозу. Нами підтверджена перевага застосування препарату Ліварол (кетоконазол) у лікуванні кандидозних вульвовагінітів – достатньо виражений клінічний ефект за досить короткий час, зручне застосування, незначна кількість рецидивів

Bacterial rotary export ATPases are allosterically regulated by the nucleotide second messenger cyclic-di-GMP

The widespread second messenger molecule cyclic di-GMP (cdG) regulates the transition from motile and virulent lifestyles to sessile, biofilm-forming ones in a wide range of bacteria. Many pathogenic and commensal bacterial-host interactions are known to be controlled by cdG signaling. Although the biochemistry of cyclic dinucleotide metabolism is well understood, much remains to be discovered about the downstream signaling pathways that induce bacterial responses upon cdG binding. As part of our ongoing research into the role of cdG signaling in plant-associated Pseudomonas species, we carried out an affinity capture screen for cdG binding proteins in the model organism Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25. The flagella export AAA+ ATPase FliI was identified as a result of this screen and subsequently shown to bind specifically to the cdG molecule, with a KD in the low micromolar range. The interaction between FliI and cdG appears to be very widespread. In addition to FliI homologs from diverse bacterial species, high affinity binding was also observed for the type III secretion system homolog HrcN and the type VI ATPase ClpB2. The addition of cdG was shown to inhibit FliI and HrcN ATPase activity in vitro. Finally, a combination of site-specific mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, and in silico analysis was used to predict that cdG binds to FliI in a pocket of highly conserved residues at the interface between two FliI subunits. Our results suggest a novel, fundamental role for cdG in controlling the function of multiple important bacterial export pathways, through direct allosteric control of export ATPase proteins

QUALITY OF LIFE AND MEDICO-SOCIAL FEATURES OF THE RUSSIAN TEENAGERS WHO ARE TRAINING IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

According to the unified program with use of a questionnaire of MOS SF-36 quality of life and medico-social features of teenagers of 14-17 years in 5 regions of Russian Federation (Moscow, Omsk Region, Smolensk, Sankt-Petersburg, Pskov) studying in the senior classes and establishments of professional education (colleges, technical schools) were studied. The database containing results of poll more than 1200 people is created. Average sizes of indicators on 8 parameters of quality of the life, characterizing physical and mental components of health of teenagers are obtained. Rather high rates of physical health and rather lowered indicators characterizing mental health of the Russian teenagers attract attention. According to average data girls had indicators of quality of life authentically below, than the young men had. Medico-social features of modern teenagers are studied. According to the questioning a third of teenagers had chronic pathology, every fourth teenager can be carried to the often ill. In structure of repeating complaints the first place was taken by the complaints connected with system of digestion, complaints to irritability, weakness, headaches, a back and heart pains further followed. Prevalence of stereotypes of the behavior interfaced to risk of deterioration of health is shown: deficiency of a dream (two thirds of respondents), insufficient physical activity (44 %), tobacco smoking (32,6 %), the frequent use of alcoholic beverages (17,5 %), diet violations (up to 70 % of respondents). Work can be carried to risk factors in free time from study in which nearly 40 % of teenagers are engaged because the majority doesn't make out the labor relations and works informally. Efficiency of use of indicators of quality of life for an assessment of influence social (quality of a food) and educational risk factors (training in profile classes of school and professional colleges is shown at not created professional selfdetermination). Average sizes of indicators of quality of life of the teenagers, based on a representative material, can be used as standard sizes at an assessment of the results received in selective groups. Medico-social features of the Russian teenagers confirm high relevance of development and deployment of preventive programs for decrease in risks to health of persons of the teenage age caused by high prevalence of negative stereotypes of a way of life

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СЦЕНАРІЇВ З ЕЛЕМЕНТАМИ КЛІНІЧНОЇ ФАРМАКОЛОГІЇ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ОКРЕМИХ ТЕМ З АКУШЕРСТВА ТА ГІНЕКОЛОГІЇ

The aim of the work – to evaluate the effectiveness of training simulation trainings with the elements of clinical pharmacology in improving the quality of the educational process of students in the discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The main body. A doctor of any specialty, including general practice, must know the causes, the clinic, the diagnosis of obstetric bleeding and tactics, depending on the reasons for it. Massive obstetric bleeding occupies a leading position among the causes of various types of severe obstetric disease, such as hemorrhagic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, etc., and the first among the causes of maternal mortality. The frequency of bleeding is from 6 to 11 % of all births. That is why it is relevant to work out the technology of the active management of the third period on the phantom of active management of the third period. In the course of our work, we concluded that training in the simulation center using modern phantoms allows students to master the basic practical skills of obstetrics, which may become necessary in future practical work of the doctor. general practice, and also provides the basis for mastering some manipulations for future specialization. Conclusions. The current development of medical science and practice necessitates making adjustments to the training of medical students with the approach of their education to international standards. That is why the quality of education in higher education institutions needs to be improved by effectively organizing and informing the educational process, by introducing advanced scientific developments into teaching practice.Мета роботи – оцінювання ефективності навчальних симуляційних тренінгів з елементами клінічної фармакології у підвищенні якості освітнього процесу студентів із дисципліни “Акушерство та гінекологія”. Основна частина. Лікар будь-якої спеціальності, в тому числі і загальної практики, повинен знати причини, клініку, діагностику акушерських кровотеч та тактику залежно від причин, що її зумовили. Масивні акушерські кровотечі займають провідне місце серед причин різних видів тяжкої акушерської патології, такої, як геморагічний шок, синдром дисемінованого внутрішньосудинного згортання крові тощо, та перше місце серед причин материнської смертності. Частота кровотеч складає від 6 до 11 % усіх пологів. Саме тому актуальним є відпрацювання на фантомі техніки активного ведення ІІІ періоду. В процесі нашої роботи ми зробили висновок, що навчання у симуляційному центрі із ви­користанням сучасних фантомів дозволяє студентам досконало оволодіти основними практичними навичками з акушерства, які можуть стати необхідними у майбутній практичній роботі лікаря загальної практики, а також закладає основу оволодіння деякими маніпуляціями для майбутньої спеціалізації. Висновки. Сучасний розвиток медичної науки й практики зумовлює необхідність вносити корективи в підготовку студентів-медиків із наближенням їхньої освіти до міжнародних стандартів. Тому якість освіти у вищих навчальних закладах необхідно покращити шляхом ефективної організації та інформатизації навчального процесу, за допомогою впровадження передових наукових розробок у практику викладання

Random-phase Approximation Treatment Of Edge Magnetoplasmons: Edge-state Screening And Nonlocality

A random-phase approximation (RPA) treatment of edge magnetoplasmons (EMP) is presented for strong magnetic fields, low temperatures, and integer filling factors \nu. It is valid for negligible dissipation and lateral confining potentials smooth on the scale of the magnetic length \ell_{0} but sufficiently steep that the Landau-level (LL) flattening can be neglected. LL coupling, screening by edge states, and nonlocal contributions to the current density are taken into account. In addition to the fundamental mode with typical dispersion relation \omega\sim q_x \ln(q_{x}), fundamental modes with {\it acoustic} dispersion relation \omega\sim q_x are obtained for \nu>2. For \nu=1,2 a {\bf dipole} mode exists, with dispersion relation \omega\sim q_x^3, that is directly related to nonlocal responses.Comment: Text 12 pages in Latex/Revtex format, 4 Postscript figure