Varying chick mortality in an organochlorine-"strained" population of the nominate lesser black-backed gull Larus f. fuscus in the Baltic Sea

Severe reproductive failure has contributed to a drastic population decline of the nomi-nate Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus fuscus) in its breeding grounds in the Gulf of Finland and the Bay of Bothnia. In intensive field studies in the central area of the Gulf of Finland, roughly 65–70 % of chicks died in their nest in the 1980s and 1990s due to innate diseases. In the 1990s, the fledging rate was only 0.02. The diseases consisted mainly of liver degeneration and various inflammations, and most chicks died of sepsis. The hepatic concentrations of legacy organochlorines (OC) in dead chicks were high, and they corre-lated with the proportion of dead chicks in a brood. During the 2000s, however, the occur-rence of diseased chicks in the Gulf of Finland decreased to 48%, which helped to achieve a fledging rate supposedly sustaining the population (0.52). At the same time, the trends in hepatic levels of certain legacy OCs in chicks decreased, especially the DDE, HCB, -HCH, and trans-nonachlor levels. In spite of skewed sampling (only dead chicks were available), our results indicate an enhancing health status among the present population, probably due to a less contaminated diet during the non-breeding period

APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN DAN PEMESANAN PRODUK BERBASIS WEB PADA CV ZAMBORA

Tujuan dari penulisan adalah untuk memberikan suatu gambaran tentang sistem yang berjalan dalam CV. Zambora dan membuat rancangan sistem aplikasi penjualan dan pemesanan produk berbasis web.Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah pengembangan sistem informasi RUP(Rational Unified Process), merupakan pendekatan pengembangan perangkat lunak yang dilakukan berulang ulang (iterative) ,fokus pada arsitektur (architecture-centric),lebih diarahkan berdasarkan penggunaan kasus (use case driven). RUP merupakan rekayasa perangkat lunak dengan pendefinisaian yang baik (well defined) dan penstrukturan yang baik (well structured). RUP memiliki empat buah tahap atau fase yang dapat dilakukan pula secara iteraktif yaitu inception, elaboration, Construction dan Transition. Hasil dari pembuatan aplikasi penjualan dan pemesanan produk diharapkan dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi perusahaan dalam melakukan penjualan dan pemesanan produk yang ada pada CV. Zambora dan diharapkan Sistem ini dapat mengatasi masalah-masalah yang ada dalam proses pengolahan pengembangan informasi

Dithering Analysis in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Radio over Fiber Link

Nonlinearity is one major problem broadband communication faced on utilizing the high capacity of optical fibers. That is due to scattering  phenomenon, which results in the deviations of wavelengths and energies. The dithering method is applied in the attempt to reduce those scatterings. In this paper, we propose the performance of a dithering technique based new system OFDM-RoF using two modulator scheme and coherent detection to alleviate the characteristics nonlinearity applied on the system. The dithering technique inputs signal externally to the signal processing systems to eliminate the effects of nonlinearity. Here, we report the performance of a dithering technique based on the OFDM-RoF, the results our experiment showed that the applied dithering with 16 QAM modulation can make the system more reliable and increases  the power level 1.55% with 193.1 THz, 2% with  100 THz and 1.99% ~ 200 THz, the best condition are with fd < fc. However, all condition close proximity in the parameters OLP (optical launch power), BER and SER measurement. The result demonstrated a high efficiency and good power in which the OLP operated 6.396 dBm / 4.361 E-3 W~fd 200 THz, 3.578 dBm / 2.279 E-3 W~fd 193.1 THz and 6.420 dBm / 4.3384 E-3 W~100 THz. The best BER value is achieved at 0.33 and SER 0.78 at 5 km~fd 100 THz, 0.33 and 0.768 for 10 km~fd 193.1 THz, 0.478 and 0.92 for 50 km~fd 193.1 THz

PENATAAN TAMAN TEJOKUSUMO KELURAHAN MUKTIHARJO KIDUL SEMARANG

Abstrak ?é?á Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan latar belakang ingin membantu dalam meningkatkan kualitas ?é?álingkungan ?é?ápermukiman ?é?áKelurahan ?é?áMuktiharjo ?é?áKidul ?é?áSemarang, ?é?ákhususnya?é?á pada ruang terbuka hijau atau taman sebagai fasilitas umum dan fasilitas sosial bagi lingkungan RW. 05, 06, 17 dan 18. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu studi lapangan, ?é?ádesain ?é?ádan ?é?ágrafis. ?é?áStudi ?é?álapangan ?é?ádigunakan ?é?ádalam ?é?ámengumpulkan ?é?ádata?é?á tapak seperti pengukuran volume tapak dan analisis kondisi eksisting. Hasil pengukuran tersebut menjadi dasar dalam proses desain atau perancangan taman. Pembuatan konsep dasar desain yang kemudian dilanjutkan dalam tahap grafis, yaitu digitalisasi gambar dari sketsa konsep- konsep yang telah dibuat. Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah: (1) telah diperbantukan dalam proses perancangan desain Taman Tejokusumo Kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul Semarang; (2) rancangan anggaran biaya yang akan dikeluarkan dalam proses pembangunan dan penataan Taman Tejokusumo ke depannya; (3) dari hasil perancangan tersebut akan di komunikasikan dan ditindak lanjuti untuk pengajuan bantuan dana dari beberapa instansi. ?é?á Kata kunci: perancangan, penataan, taman, Tejokusum

Seri pendidikan orang tua : mendapingi anak dalam permainan interaktif elektronik (games)

Buku seri pendidikan orang tua yang berjudul Mendampingi Anak dalam Permainan Interaktif Elektronik (Games) disusun untuk memberikan informasi tentang apa dan bagaimana cara orang tua dalam mendampingi anak bermain games sesuai dengan usia dan mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kecanduan

A novel scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-radio over fiber based on modulator and dithering technique: Impact of self phase modulation and group velocity dispersion

Nonlinearity characteristic in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)-RoF (Radio over Fiber) system which causes the frequency shift of light and has a high electrical field on medium transmission. We begin by discussing SPM (Self Phase Modulation) and GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) are part of nonlinear characteristic. SPM induced spectral broadening will be degrade performance of light wave and GVD will be impact on duration pulse of optic. The impaired information signal reduces the power and later affects the quality of signal. This research aims to focus on the improvement of two external modulator LiNbO3 MZM (Lithium Niobate-Mach Zehnder Modulator) and applying of frequency dithering techniques to reduce the existing nonlinearity of the optical fiber purposely to enhance the receiving power for the lower input power with the length of fiber up to 100 km. Finally, the result shows an average of 18.5% increase in the power level for linewidth of 1 MHz, 3 MHz, and 7 MHz across 50 km distance with the log BER (Bit Error Rate) -2.407, BER 0.003, and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) 43.8, across 100 km of optical fiber the value of log BER -2.471, BER 0.003, and SNR 49.14

Willingness to pay for municipality hospital services in rural Japan: a contingent valuation study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Japanese healthcare system has undergone reforms to address the struggles that municipality hospitals face. Reform guidelines clearly define criteria for administrative improvement. However, criteria to evaluate the demand for healthcare provisions in rural Japan, including the needs of rural residents for municipality hospitals in particular have not been specified. The purpose of this paper is to measure residents' willingness to pay (WTP) for municipality hospital services using the contingent valuation method, and to evaluate municipality hospital valuation on the basis of WTP. K town, located in the Hokkaido prefecture of Japan, was selected as the location for this study. Participants were recruited by a town hall healthcare administrator, hospital and clinic staff, and a local dentist. Participants were asked what amount they would be willing to pay as taxes to continue accessing the services of the municipality hospital for one year by using open-ended questions in face-to-face interviews.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Forty-eight residents were initially recruited, and 40 participants were selected for the study (response rate 83%). As compared to K town's population, this data slanted toward the elderly, although there was no significant difference in frequency among the characteristics. The median WTP was estimated at 39,484 yen ($438.71), with a 95$308.95-615.96). Logistic regression revealed no significant factors affecting WTP.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>If the total amount of residents' WTP for the municipality hospital were to be estimated by this result, it would calculate with 129,586,000 yen ($1,439,844). This is approximately equal to the amount of money to be transferred from the general account of the government of K town, more than one-half of the town tax of K town, and about two-fold in comparison to Japan as a whole. This showed that K town's residents placed a high valuation on the municipality hospital, which nearly equalled the amount that the K town government provided to the municipality hospital to cover its annual deficit. K town residents had come to expect not only general clinical practice, but also emergency medical services and night practice provided by their own town's municipality hospital. WTP can be used as a measure of hospital evaluation because it reflects the importance of the hospital to the residents in its region.</p