Co-prescription patterns of cardiovascular preventive treatments: A cross-sectional study in the Aragon worker' health study (Spain)

Objectives: To identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive treatments combinations, among them and with other drugs, and to determine their prevalence in a cohort of Spanish workers. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting Aragon Workers'' Health Study (AWHS) cohort in Spain. Participants 5577 workers belonging to AWHS cohort. From these subjects, we selected those that had, at least, three prescriptions of the same therapeutic subgroup in 2014 (n=4605). Primary and secondary outcome measures Drug consumption was obtained from the Aragon Pharmaceutical Consumption Registry (Farmasalud). In order to know treatment utilisation, prevalence analyses were conducted. Frequent item set mining techniques were applied to identify drugs co-prescription patterns. All the results were stratified by sex and age. Results: 42.3% of men and 18.8% of women in the cohort received, at least, three prescriptions of a CVD preventive treatment in 2014. The most prescribed CVD treatment were antihypertensives (men: 28.2%, women 9.2%). The most frequent association observed among CVD preventive treatment was agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and lipid-lowering drugs (5.1% of treated subjects). Co-prescription increased with age, especially after 50 years old, both in frequency and number of associations, and was higher in men. Regarding the association between CVD preventive treatments and other drugs, the most frequent pattern observed was lipid-lowering drugs and drugs used for acid related disorders (4.2% of treated subjects). Conclusions: There is an important number of co-prescription patterns that involve CVD preventive treatments. These patterns increase with age and are more frequent in men. Mining techniques are a useful tool to identify pharmacological patterns that are not evident in the individual clinical practice, in order to improve drug prescription appropriateness

The Internet of Things in Ports: Six Key Security and Governance Challenges for the UK (Policy Brief)

In January 2019, the UK Government published its Maritime 2050 on Navigating the Future strategy. In the strategy, the government highlighted the importance of digitalization (with well-designed regulatory support) to achieve its goal of ensuring that the UK plays a global leadership role in the maritime sector. Ports, the gateways for 95% of UK trade movements, were identified as key sites for investment in technological innovation. The government identified the potential of the Internet of Things (IoT), in conjunction with other information-sharing technologies, such as shared data platforms, and Artificial Intelligence applications (AI), to synchronize processes within the port ecosystem leading to improved efficiency, safety, and environmental benefits, including improved air quality and lower greenhouse gas emissions

HPV testing on self collected cervicovaginal lavage specimens as screening method for women who do not attend cervical screening: cohort study

Objective To determine whether offering self sampling of cervicovaginal material for high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is an effective screening method for women who do not attend regular cervical screening programmes

Variabilidad de la prescripción de antibióticos en atención primaria de los sectores sanitarios de Aragón

Fundamentos: La resistencia a los antibióticos puede contenerse con una mejor utilización, para lo que debemos conocer cómo se usan. El objetivo del estudio es describir la prevalencia del consumo de antibióticos y la variabilidad en su utilización en los diferentes sectores sanitarios de Aragón. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de la prescripción de antibióticos en los sectores sanitarios de Aragón en 2008. Los datos se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información de Consumo Farmacéutico de Aragón, que recoge las recetas dispensadas en oficinas de farmacia. Se calcularon las tasas de utilización de antibióticos por cada mil habitantes ajustadas por sexo y edad mediante el método directo e indirecto. La utilización de los subgrupos de antibióticos se midió en dosis diarias definidas (DDD) por mil habitantes/día (DHD). En el análisis de la variabilidad se utilizaron la razón de variación (RV), el coeficiente de variación (CV), el coeficiente de variación ponderado (CVw) y el componente sistemático de la variación (SCV). Resultados: La tasa ajustada de utilización de antibióticos osciló entre 279,8 y 382 por cada 1.000 habitantes, mostrando un CVw=0,12. La tasa de utilización en mujeres fue 364,9 por 1.000 y en hombres 300,0 por 1.000. Los subgrupos que presentaron las mayores variaciones fueron cefalosporinas (RV 2,42 y CVw 0,37) y las quinolonas (RV 1,84 y CVw 0,22). Conclusiones: La tasa de utilización fue mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres.Por subgrupos la mayor variabilidad en la prescripción de antibióticos entre los sectores sanitarios de Aragón se produce en las cefalosporinas y las quinolonas. BACKGROUND: Resistance to antibacterial drugs can be contained by judicious utilization, so we must know about its use. The objective is to describe the prevalence of antibiotic consumption and the variability in the use of antibiotics among outpatients in the different health areas of Aragon. METHODS: Study of the prescription of antibiotics in the health areas of Aragon in 2008. Data were extracted from the Aragon Pharmaceutical Consumption Database, a complete register of all dispensed prescriptions. Prescription rates per 1000 individuals adjusted by sex and age were calculated using a direct and indirect standardization method. The subgroups utilization were calculated in Defined Daily Dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). In the variation analysis were used: extremal quotient (EQ), coefficient of variation (CV), weighted coefficient of variation (CVw). RESULTS: The adjusted rate of antibiotic varied between 279,8 and 382 per 1000 inhabitants, showing a CVw=0,12. The utilization rate in women was 364.9 per 1,000 and in men 300.0 per 1,000. Cephalosporins have a EQ=2,42 and CVw=0,37; and quinolones have EQ=1,84 and CVw=0,22. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization rate was higher in women than men. The higher variability in the prescription of antibiotics among health areas in Aragon was in cephalosporins and quinolones

One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants

Abstract: Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species1, 2 of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life

Effects of acute systemic administration of serotonin2A/C receptor ligands in a delay-based decision-making task in rats.

Serotonin (5-hydoxytryptamine; 5-HT) has been implicated in the regulation of impulsivity, and high levels of impulsive behavior are associated with certain neuropsychiatric disorders. An important aspect of impulsive behavior is the inability to tolerate delays in reward. This study investigated the effects of the 5-HT2A/C receptor agonist DOI [(+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropan hydrochloride] and the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin on impulsive behavior measured in a delay-based decision-making task. Male Wistar rats were trained in a T-maze to choose a large but 10-s delayed food reward instead of a small immediate reward. After stable baseline performance (70% choice of large reward), the effects of acute systemic administration of 5-HT2A/C receptor ligands on waiting capacity were tested. Systemic administration of DOI (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/kg) impaired waiting capacity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas ketanserin had no effect. When combined with ketanserin, DOI did not impair waiting capacity. The data indicate that DOI-induced impairment of the ability to discount a delay in reward in a T-maze is probably regulated by 5-HT2A receptors. Furthermore, this study extends the existing findings of 5-HT2 receptor involvement in different tasks of delay aversion in rodents

Interactive Search Results

In this paper, we address the issue of interactive search results manipulation, as provided by typical Web-based information retrieval modules like search engines and directories. Many digital library systems could benefit a lot from the proposed approach, since it is heavily based on metadata, which constitute the building block of such systems. We also propose a way of ranking search results according to their overall importance, which is defined as a weighted combination of the relevancy and popularity of a resource that is being referenced in a search results list. In order to evaluate this model, we have developed a interactive search results manipulation application, which is executed at the client's workspace through a Web browser without any further interaction with the server that provided the initial search results list. The prototype implementation is based on the XML standard and has been evaluated through an adequate evaluation process from which useful conclusions have been obtained