APOBEC3 versus Retroviruses, Immunity versus Invasion: Clash of the Titans

Since the identification of APOBEC3G (A3G) as a potent restriction factor of HIV-1, a tremendous amount of effort has led to a broadened understanding of both A3G and the APOBEC3 (A3) family to which it belongs. In spite of the fine-tuned viral counterattack to A3 activity, in the form of the HIV-1 Vif protein, enthusiasm for leveraging the Vif : A3G axis as a point of clinical intervention remains high. In an impressive explosion of information over the last decade, additional A3 family members have been identified as antiviral proteins, mechanistic details of the restrictive capacity of these proteins have been elucidated, structure-function studies have revealed important molecular details of the Vif : A3G interaction, and clinical cohorts have been scrutinized for correlations between A3 expression and function and viral pathogenesis. In the last year, novel and unexpected findings regarding the role of A3G in immunity have refocused efforts on exploring the potential of harnessing the natural power of this immune defense. These most recent reports allude to functions of the A3 proteins that extend beyond their well-characterized designation as restriction factors. The emerging story implicates the A3 family as not only defense proteins, but also as participants in the broader innate immune response

Gestão social por colegiado e extensão universitária: imaginar futuros para o território da baía da ilha grande, RJ

National policy for agrarian development (Law 12188/2010) adopted one pattern for territory organization, including Sustainable Rural Territory Development Plan (PDTRS in Portuguese), for each territory. Participation process choice was collegiate[1].To support implementation, Ministry in charge invites universities to create teams called NEDET. This public policy was stopped in 2016, despite of that, few NEDET maintained their activities with grants of their own universities. It was the case of Ilha Grande bay (RJ) where UFRRJ established a Program (PEPEDT[2]). Later (2019) severe public Brazilian universities’ budget cut induced partnership between universities, counties, firms e other organizations. The question is what change in collegiate operation, due to influence of new different categories of agents involved, particularly in term of state, universities, firms, and social organizations. To subsidy discussion between collegiate and university team, about “building” a shared design of collegiate and university relationship, this paper uses as theoretical mark; the field of power, as defined by BOURDIEU (2002), forecasting methodology by GODET and DURANCE (2011), and social management’s concepts as described by CANÇADO and others (2013). Research begun by retrospect[3] of collegiate by himself.   [1] Collegiate is, in Brazil, debate and orientation organizations, found mainly in health and territory policies. [2] PEPEDT in Portuguese, Territory Development Teaching, Research and Diffusion Program. [3] Retrospect was object of special collegiate meeting realized on December 12, 2019.A Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Agrário (Lei 12188 de 2010) adotou um padrão de organização territorial envolvendo elaboração de Plano de Desenvolvimento Territorial Rural Sustentável (PDTRS). O processo participativo foi desenhado na forma de colegiados[1] territoriais, que, num segundo momento, receberam apoio de núcleos de extensão universitária, os NEDET[2]. Essa política pública foi descontinuada em 2016. Entretanto, alguns NEDET continuaram suas atividades com apoio das respectivas universidades, como é o caso na Baía da Ilha Grande (RJ)[3], onde foi criado com essa finalidade o Programa de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Desenvolvimento Territorial e Políticas Públicas (PEPEDT) na UFRRJ. Na sequência, no ano de 2019, houve fortes restrições orçamentárias que afetaram as universidades públicas brasileiras, estimulando uma busca por parcerias entre as universidades, municípios, empresas e outras organizações. A questão que se coloca é a reconfiguração, no Colegiado Territorial Rural da Baía da Ilha Grande (BIG), da influência das diferentes categorias de agentes envolvidos, particularmente em termos de Poder público, Universidades, Empresas e Organizações sociais. Para subsidiar a discussão, entre o Colegiado BIG e a equipe de Extensão do PEPEDT, sobre a “imaginação” de futuros mais ou menos prováveis e desejados e nesta do papel da Extensão. Este artigo utiliza como marco de referência teórico o Campo do Poder, no entendimento de Bourdieu (2002), a metodologia da Prospectiva estratégica territorial de Godet e Durance (2011), e os conceitos relacionados com a Gestão social na abordagem epistemológica de Cançado et al. (2013). O território estudado é a própria Baía da Ilha Grande, a partir da retrospectiva[4] do Colegiado.   [1] Os colegiados são instâncias de debate e orientação, encontrados com maior frequência nas políticas de saúde e territorial. Fazem parte das modalidades de participação social nas políticas públicas pós constituição de 1988. [2] NEDET, Núcleos de Extensão em Desenvolvimento Territorial; têm origem na chamada pública 11/2014, conjunta do MDA, CNPq e Secretaria Especial para Mulheres. [3] Território atualmente composto por 6 municípios do litoral sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, Itaguaí, Mangaratiba, Paraty, Rio Claro e Seropédica (sede da UFRRJ), com tradição cafeeira, turística e importância logística. [4]Essa retrospectiva resulta da pauta da 19ª reunião do Colegiado, realizada no dia 12 de dezembro 2019, tendo como pauta "O Colegiado avalia o Colegiado". (Pontos fortes e Oportunidades, Pontos fracos e ameaças na experiência do Colegiado e sua relação com a Extensão universitária da UFRRJ)

Utilização do adesivo a base de cianoacrilato na síntese do coto brônquico após lobectomia pulmonar em cães (Canis familiaris)

O artigo não apresenta resumo

The affective modulation of motor awareness in anosognosia for hemiplegia : Behavioural and lesion evidence

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The possible role of emotion in anosognosia for hemiplegia (i.e., denial of motor deficits contralateral to a brain lesion), has long been debated between psychodynamic and neurocognitive theories. However, there are only a handful of case studies focussing on this topic, and the precise role of emotion in anosognosia for hemiplegia requires empirical investigation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how negative and positive emotions influence motor awareness in anosognosia. Positive and negative emotions were induced under carefully-controlled experimental conditions in right-hemisphere stroke patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia (n = 11) and controls with clinically normal awareness (n = 10). Only the negative, emotion induction condition resulted in a significant improvement of motor awareness in anosognosic patients compared to controls; the positive emotion induction did not. Using lesion overlay and voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping approaches, we also investigated the brain lesions associated with the diagnosis of anosognosia, as well as with performance on the experimental task. Anatomical areas that are commonly damaged in AHP included the right-hemisphere motor and sensory cortices, the inferior frontal cortex, and the insula. Additionally, the insula, putamen and anterior periventricular white matter were associated with less awareness change following the negative emotion induction. This study suggests that motor unawareness and the observed lack of negative emotions about one's disabilities cannot be adequately explained by either purely motivational or neurocognitive accounts. Instead, we propose an integrative account in which insular and striatal lesions result in weak interoceptive and motivational signals. These deficits lead to faulty inferences about the self, involving a difficulty to personalise new sensorimotor information, and an abnormal adherence to premorbid beliefs about the body.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Hands Up! Atypical Defensive Reactions in Heavy Players of Violent Video Games When Exposed to Gun-Attack Pictures

Threatening cues and surrounding contexts trigger specific defensive response patterns. Posturography, a technique for measuring postural strategies, has been used to evaluate motor defensive reactions in humans. When exposed to gun pointed pictures, humans were shown to exhibit an immobility reaction. Short and long-term exposure to violent video games was shown to be a causal risk factor for increased violent and aggressive behavior. Assaultive violence with a gun is a major trigger for motor defensive reactions, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most characteristic psychiatric sequelae. Recent studies point to links between PTSD symptoms and emotional shortfalls in non-clinical trauma-exposed samples. The present study investigated defensive reactions to gun threat and PTSD symptoms in heavy players of violent video games compared to non-players. Male university students were screened according to use of violent video games and divided in three groups: non-players, moderate players, and heavy players. Stimuli were pictures depicting a man pointing a gun directed at the participant. In matched control pictures, non-lethal objects replaced the gun. Posturography was recorded and PTSD symptoms were assessed. When exposed to the threat pictures, non-players exhibited the expected reduction in amplitude of body sway (immobility), heavy players presented atypical augmented amplitude of body sway, and moderate players showed intermediate reactivity. Heavy players presented a significant distinct reaction compared to non-players. They also scored significantly higher in PTSD symptoms than non-players. Disadvantageous defensive reactions and higher vulnerability to PTSD symptoms, revealed in the present study, add to other shortcomings for heavy players

Amino functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulated octahedral organoruthenium complex as an efficient platform for combatting cáncer.

In the process of synthesis of a new drug, as important as the drug itself is the formulation used, because the same compound can present a very different efficacy depending on how it is administered. In this work, we demonstrate how the antitumor capacity of a new octahedral organo-ruthenium complex, [Ru(ppy-CHO)(phen)2][PF6] is affected by its encapsulation in different types of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The interactions between the Ru complex and the silica matrix and how these interactions are affected at two different pHs (7.4 and 5.4, mimicking physiological and endolysosomal acidic conditions, respectively) have been studied. The encapsulation has also been shown to affect the induction of apoptosis and necrosis and progression of the cell cycle compared to the free drug. The encapsulation of the Ru complex in nanoparticles functionalized with amino groups produced very high anticancer activity in cancer cells in vitro, especially against U87 glioblastoma cells, favoring cellular internalization and significantly increasing the anticancer capacity of the initial non-encapsulated Ru complex