Relationship between Resilience and Self-regulation: A Study of Spanish Youth at Risk of Social Exclusion

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00612/full#supplementary-materialThe ability to self-regulate behavior is one of the most important protective factors in relation with resilience and should be fostered especially in at-risk youth. Previous research has characterized these students as having behaviors indicating lack of foresight. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothetical relationship between these personal variables. It was hypothesized that self-regulation would be associated with and would be a good predictor of resilience, and that low-medium-high levels of self-regulation would lead to similar levels of resilience. The participants were 365 students -aged 15 and 21- from Navarre (Spain) who were enrolled in Initial Vocational Qualification Programs (IVQP). For the assessment, the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) were applied. We carried out linear association analyses (correlational and structural) and non-linear interdependence analyses (MANOVA) between the two constructs. Relationships between them were significant and positive. Learning from mistakes (self-regulation) was a significant predictor of coping and confidence, tenacity and adaptation, and tolerance to negative situations (resilience). Likewise, low-medium-high levels of self-regulation correlated with scores on resilience factors. Implications of these results for educational practice and for future research are discussed.Motivational-affective strategies of personal self-regulation and coping with stress in the university teaching-learning process. Ref. EDU2011-24805 (2012-2015). Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) and FEDER Found (EU)

Ultra-processed foods and type-2 diabetes risk in the sun project: A prospective cohort study

The association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been much explored. We aimed to evaluate the association between consumption of UPF and the incidence of T2D

Influence of Dietary Algae Meal on Lipid Oxidation and Volatile Profile of Meat from Lambs with Competent Reticular Groove Reflex

Dietary lipid sources influence intramuscular fatty acid composition, which in turn may affect the volatile profile of meat. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of marine algae supplementation (Aurantiochytrium limacinum) on volatile compounds of cooked lamb meat. Forty-eight lambs with 42 days of age were divided into three groups: lambs fed a conventional diet without algae meal supplementation (NOALG), lambs with competent reticular groove reflex (RGR) fed the same diet supplemented with 2.5% marine algae meal mixed in the concentrate (ALGCON), and lambs with competent RGR, receiving the same diet and fed with 2.5% marine algae meal in a milk replacer to bypass the rumen (ALGMILK). Lipid and protein oxidation in raw meat was assessed and volatile compounds in grilled meat were determined. The highest and lowest lipid oxidations were observed in the ALGMILK and NOALG groups, respectively. Protein oxidation was unaffected. Out of 56 identified compounds, 12 volatiles significantly increased in both algae groups and 6 of them exclusively in the ALGCON treatment. Algae meal supplementation and its form of administration, either protected or not from rumen degradation, are important factors to consider in lipid oxidation and the aromatic profile of lamb meat

Nanoparticle penetration and transport in living pumpkin plants: in situ subcellular identification

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In recent years, the application of nanotechnology in several fields of bioscience and biomedicine has been studied. The use of nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of substances has been given special attention and is of particular interest in the treatment of plant diseases. In this work both the penetration and the movement of iron-carbon nanoparticles in plant cells have been analyzed in living plants of <it>Cucurbita pepo</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The nanoparticles were applied <it>in planta </it>using two different application methods, injection and spraying, and magnets were used to retain the particles in movement in specific areas of the plant. The main experimental approach, using correlative light and electron microscopy provided evidence of intracellular localization of nanoparticles and their displacement from the application point. Long range movement of the particles through the plant body was also detected, particles having been found near the magnets used to immobilize and concentrate them. Furthermore, cell response to the nanoparticle presence was detected.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Nanoparticles were capable of penetrating living plant tissues and migrating to different regions of the plant, although movements over short distances seemed to be favoured. These findings show that the use of carbon coated magnetic particles for directed delivery of substances into plant cells is a feasible application.</p

Magnetic nanoparticles penetration and transport in planta

Resumen del póster presentado en la 9th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers, celebrada en Minneapolis (Estados Unidos) del 22 al 26 de mayo de 2012.Magnetic nanoparticles are very suitable for a broad range of applications, like those involving synthesis and use of ferrofluids for bio-applications in general. In medicine the aim is to use them in diagnosis as well as in therapy. The ongoing research and results obtained up to now in these fields open a wide range of possibilities for using magnetic nanoparticles in other disciplines, for example in general plant research and agronomy. To study the use of nanoparticles in agriculture the first stage is to work out the penetration and transport into living plants and plant cells. We present here an overview of the research carried out within the scope of an interdisciplinary collaboration, on how inorganic nanoparticles interact with plant cells and tissues.

Egg consumption and dyslipidemia in a Mediterranean cohort

Introduction and objectives: Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the association between egg consumption and dyslipidemia in a Mediterranean cohort. Methods: We followed-up 13,104 Spanish university graduates for a mean period of 8 years. Dietary habits at baseline were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Self-reported blood concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides were evaluated according to categories of egg consumption after 6 and 8 years of follow-up. We also assessed the association between baseline egg consumption and the incidence of hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-c concentrations and hypertriglyceridemia during follow-up. Results: We observed a significant inverse association for intermediate levels of egg consumption (2 to 4 eggs/week vs. less than 1 egg/week) and hypertriglyceridemia with OR = 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54 to 0.93, p < 0.05) in the multivariable-adjusted model. Using HDL-c values after 8-year follow-up, we found an association between higher egg consumption and lower HDL-c levels (p for trend = 0.02) with an adjusted difference of –4.01 mg/dl (-7.42 to -0.61) for > 4 vs. < 1 egg/week. Lower means of triglycerides were found in each of the three upper categories of egg consumption compared to the lowest category (< 1 egg/week) with significant results for some of these categories both after 6 and 8 year follow-up. Conclusions: Our data do not support that higher egg consumption was associated with abnormal blood levels of total cholesterol or triglycerides; an inverse association with HDL-c as a quantitative variable was found only in one of our analyses.Introducción y objetivos: evaluar prospectivamente la asociación entre el consumo de huevo y el riesgo de dislipidemia en una cohorte mediterránea. Métodos: se siguieron 13.104 graduados universitarios españoles durante un periodo medio de 8 años. La dieta se evaluó al inicio utilizando un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos repetidamente validado. Las concentraciones sanguíneas de colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-c) y triglicéridos autorreferidas fueron evaluadas según categorías de consumo de huevo tras 6 y 8 años de seguimiento. También se evaluó la asociación entre el consumo basal de huevo y la incidencia de hipercolesterolemia, concentraciones bajas de HDL-c e hipertrigliceridemia durante el seguimiento. Resultados: se observó una asociación entre los niveles intermedios de consumo de huevo (2-4 unidades/semana frente a < 1 unidad/semana) y menor riesgo de hipertrigliceridemia con OR = 0,71 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC]: 0,54 a 0,93, p < 0,05) en el modelo más ajustado. Tras 8 años de seguimiento, encontramos una asociación entre un mayor consumo de huevo y menores niveles de HDL-c (p tendencia lineal = 0,02) con una diferencia ajustada de -4,01 mg/dl (-7,42 a -0,61) para > 4 vs. < 1 unidad/semana. Se encontraron menores concentraciones de triglicéridos en las tres categorías superiores de consumo de huevo en comparación con la inferior con resultados significativos para algunas de estas categorías después de 6 y 8 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: un mayor consumo de huevo no se asoció con niveles anormales de colesterol total o triglicéridos; se encontró una asociación inversa con HDL-c como variable cuantitativa solo en uno de nuestros análisis

Formation of titanium monoxide (001) single-crystalline thin film induced by ion bombardment of titanium dioxide (110)

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. A plethora of technological applications justify why titanium dioxide is probably the most studied oxide, and an optimal exploitation of its properties quite frequently requires a controlled modification of the surface. Low-energy ion bombardment is one of the most extended techniques for this purpose and has been recently used in titanium oxides, among other applications, to favour resistive switching mechanisms or to form transparent conductive layers. Surfaces modified in this way are frequently described as reduced and defective, with a high density of oxygen vacancies. Here we show, at variance with this view, that high ion doses on rutile titanium dioxide (110) induce its transformation into a nanometric and single-crystalline titanium monoxide (001) thin film with rocksalt structure. The discovery of this ability may pave the way to new technical applications of ion bombardment not previously reported, which can be used to fabricate heterostructures and interfaces.Peer Reviewe

Frecuencia de comidas fuera de casa y calidad de hidratos de carbono y de grasas en el proyecto SUN

Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre la frecuencia de comidas fuera de casa (CFC) con a) la calidad de hidratos de carbono y b) la calidad de grasas. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 19.371 participantes de la cohorte SUN que completaron un cuestionario basal de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos previamente validado. Se utilizaron los índices de calidad de hidratos de carbono (ICHC) en una escala de 4 a 20 y de grasas (ICG) en una escala de 0,62 a 5,92. En ambos casos, a mayor puntuación mayor calidad. Se utilizó la regresión lineal múltiple para determinar la asociación entre la frecuencia de CFC (4 categorías) y la puntuación de ambos índices, y la regresión logística para medir la asociación entre la frecuencia de CFC y un bajo ICHC o ICG (<percentil 25). Resultados: Los participantes mostraron una media de ICHC e ICG de 11,3 (DE 3,2) y 1,7 (DE 0,5), respectivamente. Una mayor frecuencia de CFC (≥ 2 veces / semana) se asoció con un menor ICHC (ß: -0,29, IC 95%: -0,41 a -0,17, p <0,001), y con un menor ICG (ß: -0,02, IC 95%: -0,03 a -0,001, p <0,03). Los participantes con CFC ≥ 2 veces/semana tuvieron mayor riesgo de peor ICHC (OR: 1,31, IC 95%: 1,17-1,46, p <0,001), pero no de peor ICG (OR: 0,93 IC 95%: 0,83-1,03, p 0,194). Conclusiones: Hacer con mayor frecuencia CFC se asoció con una peor calidad de grasas en la dieta y especialmente con peor calidad de hidratos de carbono. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de la educación nutricional dirigida a los consumidores de CFC.Objective: To investigate the association between eating- away-from-home (EAFH) and a) the quality of dietary carbohydrate intake and b) the quality of fat intake. Material and methods: We assessed 19,371 participants in the SUN cohort who completed a validated baseline food frequency questionnaire. Quality indices of carbohydrate (CQI) and fat (FQI) were used. Multiple regression models were fitted to determine the association between the frequency of EAFH (4 categories) and both indices. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the frequency of EAFH and low CQI or FQI (<25th percentile). Results: Participants showed an average CQI and FQI of 11,3 (SD 3,2) and 1,7 (SD 0,5), respectively. A higher frequency of EAFH (≥ 2 times/week) was associated with a poorer CQI and a poorer FQI. For CQI, the adjusted mean difference was -0,29, 95%CI: -0,41, -0,17 (p for trend <0,001), and for FQI it was -0,02, 95%CI: -0,03, -0,001 (p for trend 0,03). Participants with a highest frequency (≥ 2 times/week) of EAFH had higher adjusted risk of a poorer CQI, (adjusted OR 1,31, 95%CI 1,17, 1,46, p for trend <0,001), but this habit (EAFH) was unrelated to FQI (adjusted OR 0,93, 95%CI: 0,83, 1,03, p for trend 0,194). Key findings: A higher frequency of EAFH was associated with a poorer quality of dietary fat, and particularly, dietary carbohohydrate. These findings highlight the importance of nutritional education addressed to consumers who frequently do out-of-home meals

Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with blood pressure in a Mediterranean population with a high vegetable-fat intake: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study

There is evidence that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables reduces blood pressure (BP). Characteristically, the Mediterranean diet is rich in plant-derived foods and also in fat, but studies conducted in Mediterranean countries to relate diet to BP are scarce. We studied the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and BP in a cross-sectional analysis of 4393 participants in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study, an ongoing dynamic cohort study in Spain. Diet was measured using a food-frequency questionnaire previously validated in Spain. Fat represented more than 37% total energy intake. Subjects were considered to have undiagnosed hypertension if they reported systolic BP $140mmHg or diastolic BP$90 mmHg, and not a medical diagnosis of hypertension. The adjusted prevalence odds ratio of undiagnosed hypertension (upper v. lowest quintile) was 0·58 (95% CI 0·36, 0·91; P for trend 0·01) for vegetable consumption and 0·68 (95% CI 0·43, 1·09; P for trend 0·10) for fruit consumption. Comparing those in the highest quintile of both fruit and vegetable consumption with those in the lowest quintile of both food groups, the prevalence odds ratio was 0·23 (95% CI 0·10, 0·55; P¼0·001), after adjusting for risk factors for hypertension and other dietary exposures. In a Mediterranean population with an elevated fat consumption, a high fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with BP levels