334 research outputs found
Pay Attention: Accuracy Versus Interpretability Trade-off in Fine-tuned Diffusion Models
The recent progress of diffusion models in terms of image quality has led to
a major shift in research related to generative models. Current approaches
often fine-tune pre-trained foundation models using domain-specific
text-to-image pairs. This approach is straightforward for X-ray image
generation due to the high availability of radiology reports linked to specific
images. However, current approaches hardly ever look at attention layers to
verify whether the models understand what they are generating. In this paper,
we discover an important trade-off between image fidelity and interpretability
in generative diffusion models. In particular, we show that fine-tuning
text-to-image models with learnable text encoder leads to a lack of
interpretability of diffusion models. Finally, we demonstrate the
interpretability of diffusion models by showing that keeping the language
encoder frozen, enables diffusion models to achieve state-of-the-art phrase
grounding performance on certain diseases for a challenging multi-label
segmentation task, without any additional training. Code and models will be
available at https://github.com/MischaD/chest-distillation
Whole Slide Multiple Instance Learning for Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis
Breast cancer is a major concern for women's health globally, with axillary
lymph node (ALN) metastasis identification being critical for prognosis
evaluation and treatment guidance. This paper presents a deep learning (DL)
classification pipeline for quantifying clinical information from digital
core-needle biopsy (CNB) images, with one step less than existing methods. A
publicly available dataset of 1058 patients was used to evaluate the
performance of different baseline state-of-the-art (SOTA) DL models in
classifying ALN metastatic status based on CNB images. An extensive ablation
study of various data augmentation techniques was also conducted. Finally, the
manual tumor segmentation and annotation step performed by the pathologists was
assessed.Comment: Accepted for MICCAI DEMI Workshop 202
Decomposition of dissolved organic contaminants by combining a boron-doped diamond electrode, zero-valent iron and ultraviolet radiation
Color Change Effect in an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Material Based on a Porphyrin Diacid
Porphyrinic materials show a range of interesting and useful optical and
electrical properties. The less well-known sub-class of porphyrin diacids has
been used in this work to construct an ionic hybrid organic-inorganic material
in combination with a halogenidometalate anion. The resulting compound,
(1) (TPyP = tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin) has been obtained
via a facile solution based synthesis in single crystalline form. The material
exhibits a broad photoluminescence emission band between 650 and 850 nm at room
temperature. Single crystals of show a photocurrent in
the fA and a much higher dark current in the nA range. They also display an
unexpected reversible color change upon wetting with different liquids. This
phenomenon has been investigated with optical spectroscopy, SEM, XPS and NEXAFS
techniques, showing that a surface-based structural coloration effect is the
source of the color change. This stands in contrast to other materials where
structural coloration typically has to be introduced through elaborate,
multi-step processes or the use of natural templates. Additionally, it
underscores the potential of self-assembly of porphyrinic hybrid compounds in
the fabrication of materials with unusual optical properties
Plasma Protein Profiling Reveals Protein Clusters Related to BMI and Insulin Levels in Middle-Aged Overweight Subjects
Biomarkers that allow detection of the onset of disease are of high interest since early detection would allow intervening with lifestyle and nutritional changes before the disease is manifested and pharmacological therapy is required. Our study aimed to improve the phenotypic characterization of overweight but apparently healthy subjects and to identify new candidate profiles for early biomarkers of obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
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Erratum: Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls.
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.179
Searching for a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves with LIGO
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed
the fourth science run, S4, with significantly improved interferometer
sensitivities with respect to previous runs. Using data acquired during this
science run, we place a limit on the amplitude of a stochastic background of
gravitational waves. For a frequency independent spectrum, the new limit is
. This is currently the most sensitive
result in the frequency range 51-150 Hz, with a factor of 13 improvement over
the previous LIGO result. We discuss complementarity of the new result with
other constraints on a stochastic background of gravitational waves, and we
investigate implications of the new result for different models of this
background.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figure
Formation of a Bazooka–Stardust complex is essential for plasma membrane polarity in epithelia
Recruitment of the Crumbs–Stardust polarity complex depends on interactions between Bazooka and the Stardust PDZ domain and is regulated by aPKC-mediated phosphorylation
Attribution of multi-annual to decadal changes in the climate system: The Large Ensemble Single Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (LESFMIP)
Multi-annual to decadal changes in climate are accompanied by changes in extreme events that cause major impacts on society and severe challenges for adaptation. Early warnings of such changes are now potentially possible through operational decadal predictions. However, improved understanding of the causes of regional changes in climate on these timescales is needed both to attribute recent events and to gain further confidence in forecasts. Here we document the Large Ensemble Single Forcing Model Intercomparison Project that will address this need through coordinated model experiments enabling the impacts of different external drivers to be isolated. We highlight the need to account for model errors and propose an attribution approach that exploits differences between models to diagnose the real-world situation and overcomes potential errors in atmospheric circulation changes. The experiments and analysis proposed here will provide substantial improvements to our ability to understand near-term changes in climate and will support the World Climate Research Program Lighthouse Activity on Explaining and Predicting Earth System Change.publishedVersio
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