The legal phenomenology of Adolf Reinach. From the discovery of speech acts to the possibility of a synthetic a priori legal science

El objetivo del artículo es describir la fenomenología jurídica de Adolf Reinach, apuntar algunos posibles desarrollos de la misma y esclarecer su contribución a la filosofía del derecho contemporánea. En primer lugar, se traza una breve biografía intelectual de su autor, para pasar, tras un breve análisis de su obra sobre La Premeditación, al análisis de la teoría de los actos sociales y la exposición de la necesidad y posibilidad de una ciencia jurídica cuyas proposiciones sean sintéticas y a priori. Por último, se analiza la relación de esta ciencia que describe los estados de cosas jurídicos, con la ciencia jurídica empírica y las disposiciones del derecho positivo. Para terminar, se analiza la contribución de estas investigaciones al desarrollo de la filosofía del derecho actual.The aim of the article is to describe Adolf Reinach's legal phenomenology, to point out some possible developments of it and to shed light on his contribution to contemporary legal philosophy. First of all, a brief intellectual biography of the author is given, and then, after a brief review of his work on Premeditation, there follows an analysis of the theory of social acts and an exposition of the necessity and possibility of a legal science whose propositions are synthetic and a priori. Finally, the relationship of this science, which describes legal states of affairs, to empirical legal science and the provisions of positive law is examined. To conclude, the contribution of this research to the development of the current philosophy of law is analysed.Derech

Creación de una marca personal para la artista musical Alejandra Ruíz de Alda Donado. Propuesta de Manual de Identidad Visual Corporativa y diseño de primer álbum

Alejandra Ruíz de Alda Donado es una artista emergente que quiere dar sus primeros pasos en el mundo de la música. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal elaborar la marca gráfica que defina a la cantante, así como el diseño para su primer álbum. Todo esto, tras haber estudiado previamente los aspectos externos e internos que puedan afectar en la construcción de su identidad visual. Hemos analizado conceptos publicitarios y de diseño útiles para la realización del proyecto y del mismo modo, investigamos cómo se encuentra el panorama actual de la industria musical y cómo es el comportamiento del consumidor del género específico de la artista. Buscamos conocer lo mejor posible el mundo que rodea a la cantante de cara a ayudarle a transmitir y materializar los mensajes, valores y emociones que la caracterizan.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia

As animals develop, tissue bending contributes to shape the organs into complex three-dimensional structures. However, the architecture and packing of curved epithelia remains largely unknown. Here we show by means of mathematical modelling that cells in bent epithelia can undergo intercalations along the apico-basal axis. This phenomenon forces cells to have different neighbours in their basal and apical surfaces. As a consequence, epithelial cells adopt a novel shape that we term “scutoid”. The detailed analysis of diverse tissues confirms that generation of apico-basal intercalations between cells is a common feature during morphogenesis. Using biophysical arguments, we propose that scutoids make possible the minimization of the tissue energy and stabilize three-dimensional packing. Hence, we conclude that scutoids are one of nature's solutions to achieve epithelial bending. Our findings pave the way to understand the three-dimensional organization of epithelial organs.España Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología BFU2013-48988-C2-1-P and BFU2016-8079

Campesinos sin tierra y territorio jornalero en Andalucía

Todavía, en los albores del siglo XXI, la figura del jornalero es una realidad en Andalucía. Fuera de tópicos, unas trescientas mil personas buscan cada día el jornal agrario, que les permita seguir viviendo. Muchas de ellas recorren los campos y las geografías de las faenas agrícolas tratando de ampliar la estrechez del mercado de trabajo andaluz. El litoral onubense, gracias a su nueva agricultura, acoge a unos cuarenta mil jornaleros y cerca de sesenta mil personas, que se trasladan con sus enseres a este corto espacio de agricultura intensiva, con no más de 10.000 Has. Entre Marzo y Mayo, por ejemplo, hay más personas de Bornos y Puerto Serrano en el litoral onubense que en las sierras gaditanas. Muchos otros llegan de La Lantejuela, Montellano, La Campana, Ecija, Valdepeñas etc., huyendo de tierras sin trabajo. Este trasiego de gentes tiene como objetivo primordial abastecer de mano de obra la recolección del fresón onubense. Pero además genera fuertes transformaciones en espacios, hasta hace 15 años vírgenes, que se convierten en frente agrícola pionero, con un habitat disperso y grandes desforestaciones. Viviendo y conociendo esta realidad, el Grupo de Investigación «Instituto de Desarrollo Local», se propuso realizar un estudio de los jornaleros andaluces de Hoy. Aprovechando infraestructuras universitarias e intereses comunes -la sociedad y el territorio-, decidió abordar el fenómeno del jornalerismo en Andalucía, tratando de explicar su vinculación a las actividades de la tierra y las estructuras territoriales que permiten o dificultan la pervivencia, todavía en 1993, de circuitos jornaleros

The Poly I:C maternal immune stimulation model shows unique patterns of brain metabolism, morphometry, and plasticity in female rats

Introduction: Prenatal infections are associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia. Rodent models of maternal immune stimulation (MIS) have been extensively used in preclinical studies. However, many of these studies only include males, omitting pathophysiological features unique to females. The aim of this study is to characterize the MIS model in female rats using positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MR), and neuroplasticiy studies. Methods: In gestational day 15, Poly I:C (or Saline) was injected into pregnant Wistar rats to induce the MIS model. Imaging studies: [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET scans of female-offspring were acquired at post-natal day (PND) 35 and PND100. Furthermore, T2-MR brain images were acquired in adulthood. Differences in FDG uptake and morphometry between groups were assessed with SPM12 and Regions of Interest (ROI) analyses. Ex vivo study: The density of parvalbumin expressing interneurons (PV), perineuronal nets (PNN), and parvalbumin expressing interneurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PV-PNN) were evaluated in the prelimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala using confocal microscopy. ROIs and neuroplasticity data were analyzed by 2-sample T-test and 2-way-ANOVA analyses, respectively. Results: A significant increase in brain metabolism was found in all animals at adulthood compared to adolescence. MIS hardly modified brain glucose metabolism in females, highlighting a significant hypometabolism in the thalamus at adulthood. In addition, MIS induced gray matter (GM) enlargements in the pituitary, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cingulate cortex, and GM shrinkages in some thalamic nuclei, cerebelar areas, and brainstem. Moreover, MIS induced white matter shrinkages in the cerebellum, brainstem and corpus callosum, along with cerebrospinal fluid enlargements in the lateral and 4th ventricles. Finally, MIS reduced the density of PV, PNN, and PV-PNN in the basolateral amygdala. Conclusion: Our work showed in vivo the differential pattern of functional and morphometric affectation in the MIS model in females, as well as the deficits caused at the synaptic level according to sex. The differences obtained highlight the relevance of including both sexes in psychiatric research in order to consider their pathophysiological particularities and successfully extend the benefits obtained to the entire patient population.MS-M was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI17/01766, BA21/0030); co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way to make Europe”; project PID2021_128862OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM; project number CB07/09/0031); Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (project number 2017/085); and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. MC-V was supported by Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno as scholarship holder of this institution, and EU Joint Programme—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND). DR-M was supported by Consejería de Educación e Investigación, Comunidad de Madrid, co-funded by European Social Fund “Investing in your future” (grant number PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7899). NL-R was supported by Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, “Programa Intramural de Impulso a la I+D+I 2019”. MD’s work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PT20/00044). The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). JN was supported by the project RTI2018-098269-B-I00 and PID2021-127595OB-I00 financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/(“FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa”) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEU/2020/024)

Formación de competencias investigativas en pregrado: su diagnóstico.

The objective of this article is to socialize among the community of university professors the results of the diagnosis of the training of investigative competences of students of the career Logopedia. It is part of the institutional research project «The improvement of educational theory based on the solution of educational problems prioritized in the province of Sancti Spiritus: alternative solutions». In this article, the authors annex the elaborated research instruments that were applied for the diagnosis: guides for the analysis of documents and questionnaires. The diagnosis was made considering the fourth and fifth-year students, as well as a sample of tutors, courts, and opponents of student scientific work. The results are specified in strengths and weaknesses in the training of investigative skills, which serve as guidelines for redesigning the methodological conception of scientific work careerO objetivo do seguinte artigo é socializar entre a comunidade de professores universitários, os resultados do diagnóstico da formação de competências investigativas de estudantes da carreira Logopedia. Faz parte do projeto de pesquisa institucional «O aperfeiçoamento da teoria pedagógica em termos da solução de problemas educacionais priorizados na província de Sancti Spíritus: alternativas para a sua solução». Neste artigo, os autores anexam os instrumentos de pesquisa elaborados que foram aplicados para o diagnóstico: guias para análise de documentos e questionários. O diagnóstico foi feito considerando os alunos do quarto e quinto ano, bem como uma amostra de tutores, tribunais e opositores do trabalho científico estudantil. Os resultados são especificados em pontos fortes e fracos na formação de habilidades de investigação, que servirão como diretrizes para o redesenho da concepção metodológica do trabalho científico da carreira.El presente artículo tieme como objetivo socializar entre la comunidad de profesores universitarios, los resultados del diagnóstico de formación de competencias investigativas de estudiantes de la carrera logopedia. Constituye parte del proyecto de investigación institucional "El perfeccionamiento de la teoría pedagógicaen función de la solución de problemas educativos prirozados en la provincia Sancti Spíritus: alternativas para su solución"En este artículo los autores anexan los instrumentos de investigación elaborados que se aplicaron para el diagnóstico: guía para análisis de documentos y cuestionarios. El diagnóstico se efectuó considerando a los estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año, así como una muestra de tutores, oponentes, tribunales de trabajo científico estudiantil. Los resultados se concretan en fortalezas y debilidades en la formación de competencias investigativas, lo que servirá de pautas para el rediseño de la concepción metodológica del trabajo científico de la carrera

Methods to study adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans and across the phylogeny

The hippocampus hosts the continuous addition of new neurons throughout life—a phenomenon named adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Here we revisit the occurrence of AHN in more than 110 mammalian species, including humans, and discuss the further validation of these data by single-cell RNAseq and other alternative techniques. In this regard, our recent studies have addressed the long-standing controversy in the field, namely whether cells positive for AHN markers are present in the adult human dentate gyrus (DG). Here we review how we developed a tightly controlled methodology, based on the use of high-quality brain samples (characterized by short postmortem delays and ≤24 h of fixation in freshly prepared 4% paraformaldehyde), to address human AHN. We review that the detection of AHN markers in samples fixed for 24 h required mild antigen retrieval and chemical elimination of autofluorescence. However, these steps were not necessary for samples subjected to shorter fixation periods. Moreover, the detection of labile epitopes (such as Nestin) in the human hippocampus required the use of mild detergents. The application of this strictly controlled methodology allowed reconstruction of the entire AHN process, thus revealing the presence of neural stem cells, proliferative progenitors, neuroblasts, and immature neurons at distinct stages of differentiation in the human DG. The data reviewed here demonstrate that methodology is of utmost importance when studying AHN by means of distinct techniques across the phylogenetic scale. In this regard, we summarize the major findings made by our group that emphasize that overlooking fundamental technical principles might have consequences for any given research fieldAssociation for Frontotemporal Degeneration; Banco de Santander; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Grant/Award Number: 385084; European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: ERC-CoG2020-101001916; Fundacion Ram on Areces; Secretaria de Educacion, Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacion (SECTEI) of the Regional Government of Ciudad de México (CDMX), Grant/Award Number: SECTEI/159/2021; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grant/Award Numbers: PID2020-113007RB-I00, RYC-2015-171899, SAF-2017-82185-R; The Alzheimer's Association, Grant/Award Numbers: 2015-NIRG-340709, AARG-17-528125, AARG-17-528125-RAPI

Efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en telemedicina sobre resultados en salud en pacientes con multimorbilidad en atención primaria: revisión sistemática

In Press.[EN]: [Objective] To evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions to improve health outcomes in patients with multiple morbidities in Primary Health Care. [Design] A systematic review. [Data sources] INAHTA, Health Guidelines, NICE, Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed and EMBASE up to April 2018. [Study selection] Inclusion criteria: patients (adults with 2 or more chronic diseases or a Charlson index greater than three); intervention (telemedicine intervention developed entirely in Primary Health Care); comparator (usual care); health outcomes (mortality, hospital admissions, emergency department visits, health-related quality of life, and satisfaction); study design(clinical practice guideline, systematic review, meta-analysis, randomised controlled clinical trial),and quasi-experimental design). English and Spanish language publication. A total of236 references were located. [Data extraction] Duplicated articles were removed. Titles, abstracts, and full text of references identified were assessed using the selection criteria; methodological quality assessment; data extraction, and qualitative analysis. [Results] Five articles, corresponding to 3 studies, were included, with 2 randomised controlled clinical trials and one quasi-experimental design. No significant results were observed in reducing mortality or improving health-related quality of life. The effectiveness of telemedicine on the number of hospital admissions or emergency visits showed contradictory results. Satisfaction was not measured in the studies included. [Conclusions] The relatively small number of studies, heterogeneity characteristics, and methodological limitations did not confirm the effectiveness of telemedicine intervention on the improvement of mortality, number of hospital admissions, emergency department visits, and health-related quality of life, compared to usual care.[ES]: [Objetivo] Evaluar la efectividad de intervenciones basadas en telemedicina para mejorar resultados en salud en pacientes con multimorbilidad en atención primaria. [Diseño] Revisión sistemática. [Fuentes de datos] INAHTA, Guía Salud, NICE, Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed y EMBASE hasta abril de 2018. [Selección de estudios] Criterios de inclusión: pacientes (adultos con 2 o más enfermedades crónicas o índice de Charlson mayor de 3); intervención (programa de telemedicina desarrollada en atención primaria); comparador (práctica habitual); resultados (mortalidad, ingresos hospitalarios, consultas a urgencias, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y satisfacción); diseño (guía de práctica clínica, revisión sistemática, metaanálisis, ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado o cuasiexperimental). Publicación en inglés o español. Se localizaron 236 referencias. [Extracción de datos] Exclusión de duplicados; valoración de criterios de selección sobre título, resumen y texto completo; valoración crítica; extracción y análisis cualitativo. Dos revisores y un tercero para discrepancias. [Resultados] Se incluyeron 5 artículos de 3 estudios, 2 ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados y un cuasiexperimental. No se observaron resultados significativos en la reducción de la mortalidad o mejora de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. La efectividad de la telemedicina sobre el número de ingresos hospitalarios o consultas a urgencias mostró resultados contradictorios. La satisfacción no fue medida en los estudios incluidos. [Conclusiones] El escaso número de estudios, la relativa heterogeneidad y limitaciones metodológicas no permiten confirmar la efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en telemedicina en pacientes con multimorbilidad en atención primaria, sobre la mejora de la mortalidad, el número de ingresos hospitalarios o consultas a urgencias y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, respecto a la práctica habitual.Peer reviewe