GOVERNANÇA DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO SALITRE-BA: ANÁLISE SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO CICLO ADAPTATIVO

A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Salitre, na Bahia, é uma região marcada historicamente pela ocorrência de conflitos pelo uso da água. Em geral, esses conflitos decorrem de desigualdades na distribuição e acesso às águas verificadas, por exemplo, na demanda agrícola intensiva. As situações de conflito na bacia são frequentes em função dos períodos cíclicos de estiagens, comuns à região do semiárido, mas principalmente por fatores como a elevada demanda de áreas irrigadas, decorrentes de sistemas de irrigação inadequados e retiradas predatórias de água por captações, barramentos e usuários irregulares interrompendo o fluxo de água do rio para as regiões mais a jusante. Situação que ressalta problemas na governança da água da bacia. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a governança na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Salitre, com enfoque no conflito instaurado em 2010, sob a ótica do ciclo adaptativo. O objetivo é propor medidas de estabelecimento de um modelo de governança adaptativa para a bacia. A análise mostrou que a atuação efetiva e articulada das instituições e atores e o adequado aprimoramento da infraestrutura hídrica são aspectos que podem proporcionar um sistema de governança resiliente e adaptativo frente aos estressores sociais, políticos, econômicos e ambientais

Isolamento e Caracterização de Bactérias do Lodo de Esgoto com Potencial Antagonismo a NematóidesIsolation and Characterization of Bacteria from Sewage Sludge, with Potential Antagonism to Nematodes

Foram isoladas e caracterizadas bactérias presentes no lodo de esgoto visando à realização de estudos futuros de interação desses organismos com fi tonematóides. Os lodos utilizados são provenientes das estações de tratamento de Franca e Barueri, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram obtidos 77 isolados do lodo de Franca e 143 do de Barueri. Desses isolados de Franca testados, 77% foram Gram-positivos e 23% Gram-negativos. Para os 143 isolados obtidos do lodo de esgoto de Barueri, 61% foram Gram-positivos e o restante Gram-negativo. Os isolados Gram-positivos podem, estar relacionados com espécies do gênero Bacillus dos quais várias espécies têm grande importância como agentes de controle de fi topatógenos, inclusive nematóides. Observou-se que 39% e 40% dos microrganismos Gram positivos, isolados dos lodos coletados na ETE de Franca e de Barueri, produziram pigmento fluorescente em meio King B, sendo indicativo de Pseudomonas fluorescens. Dos 77 isolados de Franca, 13% apresentaram como característica morfológica bordo lobado, característica de culturas de Bacillus. Comparando-os com os testes bioquímicos, concluiu-se que 80% deles foram Grampositivos, característica de espécies de Bacillus. Dos isolados, 10% apresentaram bordo inteiro, colônia brilhante e arredondada, as quais são características de Pseudomonas. Desses, 37% foram Gram-negativos, sendo que 67% desses isolados eram também produtores de pigmento fluorescente em meio King B, características da P. fluorescens. Dos 143 isolados de Barueri, 17% apresentaram bordo lobado como característica morfológica, podendo-se suspeitar de serem espécies de Bacillus e 5% apresentaram as características de espécies de Pseudomonas. Para os isolados do lodo de Barueri, na comparação com os testes bioquímicos constatou-se que 64% dos isolados foram Gram-positivo. Dos isolados com características de Pseudomonas, 17% apresentaram-se como Gramnegativas e desses, 17% mostraram-se como produtores de pigmento fluorescente em meio King B, que são características de espécies de Pseudomonas do grupo fluorescente.Summary This work aimed at isolating and characterizing bacteria presented in sewage sludge with the objective of future studies for the interaction of these organisms with nematodes. For this study, it was used samples of the sewage sludge originated from the treatment stations of the cities of Franca and Barueri, in the state of São Paulo. It was obtained 77 samples of isolated sewage sludge from Franca and 143 from Barueri. From the Franca samples, 77% was Gram-positive and 23% was Gram-negative while from the Barueri samples, 61% was Gram-positive and the rest was Gram-negative. The isolated Gram-positive can be related to the species of the genre Bacillus, whose species have great importance as agents of the phytopathogens control, including nematodes. It was observed that 39% and 40% of the Gram-positive microorganisms isolated from the collected sewage sludge in ETE from Franca and from Barueri produced fluorescent pigments in King B medium, as indicative of Pseudomonas fluorescent presence. By examining the 77 samples of sewage sludge from Franca, 13% presented as morphologic characteristic, the margin of lobes, characteristic of the Bacillus culture. When compared them to the biochemistry tests, it was concluded that 80% was Gram-positive, a characteristic of the Bacillus species. By isolating the samples of sewage sludge from Franca, 10% presented whole margin, fluorescent and round colony, characteristics of the Pseudomonas while 37% was Gram-negative, considering that 67% of this isolated sewage sludge produced fluorescent pigments in King B medium, characteristics of Pseudomonas fluorescence. By examining the 143 samples of sewage sludge from Barueri, 17% presented the margin of lobes, as a morphologic characteristic, suggesting that they belonged to the Bacillus species and 5% presented the characteristic of the Pseudomonas species. By isolating the samples of sewage sludge from Barueri, it was found out, during the comparison with the biochemistry tests, that 64% was Gram-positive. From the isolated sewage sludge that presented the Pseudomonas characteristics, 17% indicated to be Gram-negative while 17% demonstrated to be producers of fl uorescent pigments in King B medium, characteristics of the Pseudomonas species from the fluorescent group

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Operation of a reservoir system for conservation purposes.

Um modelo de simulação da operação de reservatórios é aplicado a um sistema composto de dois reservatórios em série, Engenheiro flvidos e São Gonçalo, localizados na região semi-árida do Estado da Paraíba, no Nordeste do Brasil. 0 HEC-3, com base na politica operacional de zoneamento múltiplo dos níveis dos reservatórios, determina as liberações mensais que devem ser feitas afim de que as demandas sejam atendidas de forma racional. Ênfase é dada aos usos de abastecimento e irrigação, demandas características do sistema. 0 estudo analisa a situação para as demandas atuais e para as demandas de futuro, para ambos os casos são usadas a série de vazões históricas e a série criada artificialmente a partir de dados gerados; o que possibilita simular o sistema frente a existência de períodos com variação de um ano até cinco anos consecutivos de estiagem. Os resultados indicam o sistema com escassez hídrica já para a situação atuais mostram a importância de se operar o sistema com restrições vinculadas ao volume armazenado nos reservatórios e demonstram a possibilidade de se usar um modelo de simulação de operação de reservatórios no gerenciamento dos rercursos hídricos superficiais de uma região.A simulation model of the reservoir operation is applied to a system composed of two series reservoirs, Ingeniero flvidos and São Gonçalo, located in the semi-arid region of the State of Paraíba, in the Northeast of Brazil. The HEC-3, based on the operational policy of multiple zoning reservoir levels, determines the monthly releases that must be made in order for the demands to be addressed rationally. Emphasis is given to the uses of supply and irrigation, characteristic demands of the system. The study analyzes the situation for the current demands and for the demands of the future, for both cases the series of historical flows and the series created artificially from the generated data are used; which makes it possible to simulate the system against the existence of periods ranging from one year to five consecutive years of drought. The results indicate the system with water scarcity already for the current situation show the importance of operating the system with restrictions linked to the volume stored in the reservoirs and demonstrate the possibility of using a simulation model of reservoirs operation in the management of surface water resources of a region

Conceptual aspects of the hydrological regime for the definition of environmental hydrograph

Considering the instruments established by the Brazilian National Policy for Water Resources (Law 9,433/1997), the water right concession has the aim to limit water use of surface and groundwater reservoirs. In this sense, the sum of all granted uptake rights must take into consideration the natural ecological flows. It has been a complex challenge to establish a trade off between the management of water and environmental resources since various aspects have to be considered involving many knowledge areas such as ecology and hydrology. This paper focuses on the need for a closer dialogue between these areas by considering the space-time interpretation of the restrictions on natural flow regimes of the water resources. These regimes can be observed in hydrographs, which are indispensable tools for better understanding the hydro-ecologic behavior of rivers

Bacias hidrográficas compartilhadas no Brasil e na Península Ibérica: buscando consensos via mecanismos de resolução de conflitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio