Nutritional status and blood pressure level of adolescents of Cubatão city, SP - Brazil

O aumento da prevalência de obesidade em adolescentes tem contribuído para o aparecimento precoce da hipertensão arterial. OBJETIVOS: Verificar o estado nutricional e os níveis pressóricos de adolescentes, bem como a relação entre estes fatores e diferenças entre os sexos. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo com delineamento transversal realizado em duas escolas públicas da cidade de Cubatão. Participaram 704 adolescentes de 10 a 15 anos de idade, sendo 333 rapazes e 371 moças. Para avaliação do estado nutricional foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal por idade e sexo. A pressão arterial foi medida por meio da técnica auscultatória e os valores encontrados foram avaliados de acordo com o percentil de estatura para a idade dos adolescentes. O tratamento estatístico constou da apresentação da proporção dos sujeitos em sobrepeso e obesidade, bem como dos que apresentavam alterações na pressão arterial. Foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado para verificar diferença de proporção de alterações pressóricas entre sujeitos eutróficos e com sobrepeso ou obesidade, além do cálculo de Odds Ratio e IC95%. A significância estatística adotada foi de p &lt; 0,05. RESULTADOS: A avaliação do estado nutricional mostrou que 13,64% dos adolescentes apresentavam sobrepeso e 10,37% eram obesos. Quanto aos níveis pressóricos, 12,65% dos adolescentes apresentaram pressão Normal Alta e 9,52% apresentaram Hipertensão. Os adolescentes com excesso de peso apresentaram significativamente maior proporção de alterações pressóricas: X² = 15,39 (p = 0,00008); OR = 2,23 (IC% = 1,47-3,37). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram elevadas proporções de excesso de peso e alterações pressóricas, com clara relação entre eles.The increase in obesity prevalence in adolescents has been contributing to earlier hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To verify nutritional status and blood pressure levels in adolescents, and the relationship among these factors. METHODS: Descriptive cross sectional study conducted in two public schools at Cubatão city, Brazil. 704 adolescents between 10 and 15 years old, 333 boys and 371 girls participated in this study. Nutritional status assessment was taken by body mass index for age and gender. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation technique, and the values obtained were assessed in accordance to height and gender percentile of the adolescents. Statistical analysis was made by proportion of subjects with overweight or obesity, and with blood pressure alterations. Chi-square test was used to verify proportion differences of blood pressure alterations between normal weight and overweight subjects, as well as Odds Ratio and 95% CI. It was adopted statistic significance to p < 0.05. RESULTS: Nutritional status assessment showed that 13.64% of adolescents were overweight and 10.37% were obese. About blood pressure alterations, 12.65% of adolescents presented High Normal blood pressure and 9.52% Hypertension. Overweight adolescents presented significantly high proportion of blood pressure alterations: X² = 15.39 (p = 0.00008); OR = 2.23 (CI% = 1.47 - 3.37). CONCLUSION: The results showed high proportion of overweight and blood pressure alterations, and relation among these variables

Knowledge of nursing professionals about sexual violence against adolescents / Conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a violência sexual contra o adolescente

Objetivo: desvelar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre violência sexual contra o adolescente. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, utilizando entrevista com perguntas semiestruturadas, realizada em uma enfermaria especializada em saúde do adolescente no Rio de Janeiro, no período de maio a agosto de 2018, com 17 profissionais de enfermagem. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias temáticas relacionadas com a compreensão da violência sexual contra o adolescente e, as ações e condutas profissionais diante da violência sexual contra o adolescente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há uma necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem relacionada a violência sexual contra o adolescente em decorrência da falta de conhecimento mais denso sobre a temática.

Mudanças no perfil de isoflavonas e na composição química de 'tempeh' durante o processamento e a refrigeração

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar mudanças no perfil de isoflavonas, determinado por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, em diferentes estágios do processamento e após refrigeração de 'tempeh'. Para a produção do 'tempeh', grãos de soja limpos das cultivares BR 36 (baixo teor de isoflavonas) e IAS 5 (alto teor) foram descascados, e os cotilédones foram hidratados e, em seguida, cozidos por 30 min em água fervente. Em seguida, esporos do fungo Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus foram inoculados nos cotilédones cozidos e resfriados, e incubados a 32ºC por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas em sacos perfurados de polipropileno, para fermentação. O 'tempeh' resultante foi refrigerado por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas. Após 24 horas de fermentação, os teores de glicosídeos de isoflavonas reduziram-se em 50%, e os das formas agliconas aumentaram, em ambas as cultivares. Após o cozimento, as formas malonil reduziram-se em 83%. A refrigeração por menos de 24 horas não afetou o perfil de isoflavonas no 'tempeh' das duas cultivares, o que é um bom indicador de sua qualidade. O 'tempeh' mantém os altos e baixos conteúdos de isoflavonas das cultivares, o que indica que as diferenças entre cultivares, para esta característica, devem ser consideradas durante o processamento de 'tempeh'.The objective of this work was to analyze changes in the isoflavone profile, determined by high performance liquid chromatography, at different processing stages and after refrigeration of tempeh. For tempeh production, clean soybean grains from cultivars BR 36 (low isoflavone content) and IAS 5 (high) were dehulled, and the separated cotyledons were hydrated and then cooked in boiling water for 30 min. Spores of the Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus fungus were inoculated in the cooked and cooled cotyledons, and incubated at 32ºC for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours in perforated polypropylene bags, for fermentation. The resulting tempeh was stored at 4ºC for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. After 24-hour fermentation, isoflavone glucosides were 50% reduced, and the aglycone forms in the tempeh from both cultivars was increased. The malonyl forms reduced 83% after cooking. Less than 24 hours of refrigeration did not affect the isoflavone profile of tempeh from either cultivar, which is a good indicator of its quality. The tempeh maintains the high and low isoflavone content of the cultivars, which indicates that cultivar differences in this trait should be considered when processing tempeh

Music and software piracy : issues and solutions for music teachers and media intensive educators

The rampant piracy of digital materials is not just a problem for the individual home user. In today\u27s world it is increasingly a concern for educators and their school district as a whole. Many recent court actions have been brought against school districts based the illegal use of unlicensed software and other copyrighted materials. This project presents the issues of music and software piracy and the legalities of the United States Copyright Act. It presents common examples for use in the music or media intensive classroom, as well as legal usage requirements including the payment of royalties and purchase of recording or distribution licenses. Also covered are methods and suggestions on how faculty members can ensure that their school is compliant with current law and beyond the scope of legal actions that can adversely affect the district both financially and in the realm of public relations

Genome wide scan for quantitative trait loci affecting tick resistance in cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus)

<p><b>Abstract</b></p> <p><b>Background</b></p> <p>In tropical countries, losses caused by bovine tick <it>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</it> infestation have a tremendous economic impact on cattle production systems. Genetic variation between <it>Bos taurus</it> and <it>Bos indicus</it> to tick resistance and molecular biology tools might allow for the identification of molecular markers linked to resistance traits that could be used as an auxiliary tool in selection programs. The objective of this work was to identify QTL associated with tick resistance/susceptibility in a bovine F2 population derived from the Gyr (<it>Bos indicus</it>) × Holstein (<it>Bos taurus</it>) cross.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Through a whole genome scan with microsatellite markers, we were able to map six genomic regions associated with bovine tick resistance. For most QTL, we have found that depending on the tick evaluation season (dry and rainy) different sets of genes could be involved in the resistance mechanism. We identified dry season specific QTL on BTA 2 and 10, rainy season specific QTL on BTA 5, 11 and 27. We also found a highly significant genome wide QTL for both dry and rainy seasons in the central region of BTA 23.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The experimental F2 population derived from Gyr × Holstein cross successfully allowed the identification of six highly significant QTL associated with tick resistance in cattle. QTL located on BTA 23 might be related with the bovine histocompatibility complex. Further investigation of these QTL will help to isolate candidate genes involved with tick resistance in cattle.</p

Coqueluche em crianças menores de 3 anos de idade hospitalizadas em 2011 e 2012

Objetivo: Descrever as características demográficas e clínicas de pacientes pediátricos internados com PCR positivo para Bordetella pertussis. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional incluindo todos os pacientes pediátricos entre zero e dois anos 11 meses e 29 dias de idade internados em um hospital universitário, com diagnóstico de coqueluche confirmado por PCR, no período de julho de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 155 pacientes com idade média de 7,8 meses. Apenas 22 casos tinham história de contato com tosse paroxística ou prolongada (>14 dias). O tempo médio de duração de sintomas antes da admissão hospitalar foi de 9,87±10,08 dias e o tempo de internação médio foi de 5,52±9,60 dias. Tosse foi o sintoma mais prevalente (99%), sendo paroxística em apenas 16,8%. Cianose esteve presente em 29,7% e apneia em 5,8%. Necessitaram oxigênio suplementar 52,2%, ventilação mecânica 4,9% e foram a óbito 2,5% dos pacientes. Conclusão: O estudo corrobora o impacto da coqueluche epidêmica sobre as crianças, principalmente lactentes, evidenciando a necessidade da implementação de novas estratégias de prevenção e controle desta infecção

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (&gt;66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions