Análise de ameaças potenciais dos usos em unidades de conservação do Distrito Federal

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, 2021.O Cerrado é considerado um hotspot devido à grande diversidade, mas à sua vulnerabilidade também. As taxas de degradação são crescentes, restando menos de 55% da vegetação nativa. As Unidades de Conservação são uma ferramenta essencial para que o bioma seja conservado. É necessário entender os aspectos e usos de influência nas UCs para que os objetivos de conservação das mesmas sejam, de fato, cumpridos. O presente trabalho busca identificar e analisar os principais usos e as respectivas consequências à conservação das UCs do Distrito Federal. Foram estudadas 29 unidades utilizando o sistema de análise e monitoramento de gestão (SAMGe), de onde foram extraídos dados sobre efetividade, governança e usos referentes ao ano de 2020. A principal atividade negativa presente das áreas de protegidas foi a moradia e atividade positiva mais recorrente foi a pesquisa científica. As atividades de impacto negativo mais frequentes têm, em sua maioria, relação direta com a expansão urbana desordenada e o rápido crescimento populacional. A efetividade da gestão e a boa governança são essenciais para evitar os impactos negativos estudados.The Brazilian Cerrado is considered a hotspot by the reason of its large diversity, but also by its vulnerability. The degradation proportion gets enormous, and so less than 55% of the native vegetation are left. The Protected Areas are treated as a main mechanism to maintain the biome safe. For the conservation goals to be certainly achieved, it is necessary to understand the PAs aspects and influential uses. The following study intends to identify and analyse the Brazilian Distrito Federal PAs’ main uses and respective consequences to its conservation. 29 areas were plotted by using the Operation Monitoring and Analysis System (SAMGe), where there have been extracted effectiveness, governance and uses data referred to the year of 2020. Lodgement was the leading negative activity found at the areas, and the most positive and recurring endeavor was the scientific study. The preeminent negative impact action have been, in most cases, a direct relation to the disorganized urban sprawl and the rapid population growth. The administration effectiveness and a valuable governance are essential to avoid the negative impacts studied

Evolução do programa nacional de segurança do paciente: uma análise dos dados públicos disponibilizados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária

Introduction: The Brazilian Patient Safety Program (PNSP, in Portuguese), was established in 2013 in Brazil and, with it, a legislation that turns the formation of Patient Safety Committees  (NSP, in Portuguese) and incidents notifications by health services compulsory. Since then, the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) publishes newsletters that contain compiled information of the notifications received; however, it does not compare it over time. Objective: Analyze the evolution of the Brazilian Patient Safety Program in five years. Method: Retrospective study, based on documents analysis. It is a review of Anvisa’s publications, that are called Patient Safety and Quality in Healthcare  Newsletters (Boletim Segurança do Paciente e Qualidade em Serviços de Saúde), from 2015 to 2019. Results: There was an increase of 416.00% on the NSP; however, this number represents less than 50.00% of Brazilian hospitals. Notifications have enhanced over 900.00%, but it is still necessary to qualify the information before submitting it to Anvisa. The comparison of cases proportions has shown that there was a slight decrease of severe damage and death, but 1,491 lives were lost due to adverse events in health on the studied period. Studies that assess national action’s impact on healthcare results must be encouraged. Conclusions: Coordinated actions of health surveillance and assistance must be intensified, in order to patient safety become into a real priority of the Brazilian public healthcare system. Despite not having a perennial action financing policy, PNSP has caused a positive evolution over the years, and Brazilian institutions and health professionals have a huge potential for saving lives.Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente (PNSP) foi instituído em 2013 no Brasil e, com ele, legislação que torna obrigatórias a constituição de núcleos de segurança do paciente (NSP) e a notificação de incidentes em estabelecimentos de saúde. Desde então, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) publica boletins contendo compilado das informações contidas nas notificações, porém não faz comparação ao longo do tempo. Objetivo: Analisar, a partir de dados públicos da Anvisa, a evolução do PNSP, em cinco anos. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, de análise documental, a partir da revisão das publicações da Anvisa denominadas Boletim de Segurança do Paciente e Qualidade em Serviços de Saúde, publicadas entre 2015 a 2019. Resultados: Houve aumento no número de NSP em 416,00%, porém representa menos de 50,00% dos estabelecimentos hospitalares brasileiros. As notificações aumentaram em mais de 900,00%, mas ainda se faz necessário qualificar as informações previamente ao envio à Anvisa. A comparação da proporção dos casos mostrou que houve discreta redução dos danos graves e óbitos, porém foram perdidas 1.491 vidas por eventos adversos na assistência à saúde no período avaliado. Estudos que avaliem o impacto de ações nacionais nos resultados do cuidado devem ser estimulados. Conclusões: Ações coordenadas de vigilância sanitária e de assistência à saúde devem ser intensificadas, a fim de tornar a segurança do paciente uma real prioridade de saúde pública no Brasil. Apesar de não haver uma política com financiamento perene de ações, nota-se que o PNSP provocou evolução positiva ao longo dos anos e que a mobilização das instituições e profissionais de saúde brasileiros tem potencial de salvar vidas

Oral Health-Related Quality of life and its association with malocclusion and self-perception of dental aesthetics in Adolescents / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e sua associação com má oclusão e autopercepção da estética dentária em adolescentes

Introduction: Studies have shown that malocclusions can have a negative impact on the quality of life and self-esteem of adolescents. This study aimed to verify the association between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, malocclusion and self-perceived dental aesthetics in Brazilian adolescents.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 580 students between 12 and 15 years old. The oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated using Child OIDP, malocclusion was determined by DAI, self-perceived dental aesthetics was evaluated using the OASIS, and IOTN-AC assessed the self-perceived orthodontic treatment need. The statistical analysis involved descriptive and inferential methods, such as Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regressions, with significance level of 5%.  Results: The prevalence of oral impact was high (73.4%), 49.1% presented malocclusion and 25.0% had a highly desirable orthodontic treatment need. Negative self-perception of dental aesthetics was observed in 50.0% of adolescents and 13.1% thought they needed orthodontic treatment. The impact on quality of life was associated to gender, self-perceived dental aesthetic (p<0.001), malocclusion + self-perceived dental aesthetic (p<0.001) and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need (p=0.045). The logistic regression results indicated that being female and having negative self-perception of dental aesthetics are directly involved in the quality of life of adolescents. Conclusion: Being female and having a negative self-perception of one’s dental aesthetics are risk factors for impacting negatively on oral health related quality of life

O USO DA METODOLOGIA STEAM EM SALA DE AULA NA DIMENSÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO CURRÍCULO: reflexões iniciais

A educação na sociedade contemporânea se apresenta com inúmeros desafios, intensificados durante a pandemia do COVID-19, com a inserção emergencial das tecnologias digitais. É neste contexto que este estudo analisa a proposta do uso da metodologia STEAM (acrônimo em inglês para as disciplinas Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia, Artes e Matemática) vinculado ao design thinking, de modo contextualizado, ao contemplar a dimensão da educação ambiental no currículo, propondo-se a responder: como a aplicação do STEAM vinculado ao design thinking pode contribuir para a abordagem interdisciplinar na sala de aula a partir de um tema socioambiental? As atividades desta pesquisa foram realizadas em cinco fases, com duas turmas dos sétimos anos do Ensino Fundamental e uma turma do doutorado em Educação em Ciências e Matemática, a partir de um problema socioambiental: o desaparecimento das abelhas no mundo. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise textual discursiva, que permitiu reconhecer o STEAM e o design thinking como processos que ampliam o interesse e a participação dos envolvidos, conduzindo-os para a discussão do problema, identificando caminhos possíveis. Também foram reveladas as fragilidades do currículo fragmentado da educação básica, o qual se distancia de um princípio básico da educação ambiental: a concepção da totalidade. Desse modo, a pesquisa problematiza a formação dos sujeitos no coletivo para uma transformação cultural no ambiente escolar e na sociedade contemporânea

Exploitation of mitochondrial nad6 as a complementary marker for studying population variability in Lepidoptera

The applicability of mitochondrial nad6 sequences to studies of DNA and population variability in Lepidoptera was tested in four species of economically important moths and one of wild butterflies. The genetic information so obtained was compared to that of cox1 sequences for two species of Lepidoptera. nad6 primers appropriately amplified all the tested DNA targets, the generated data proving to be as informative and suitable in recovering population structures as that of cox1. The proposal is that, to obtain more robust results, this mitochondrial region can be complementarily used with other molecular sequences in studies of low level phylogeny and population genetics in Lepidoptera

TEN-YEAR OUTCOMES OF TIPS FOR BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Background: Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) results from the obstruction of the hepatic venous flow, usually at the level of the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava. When left untreated, it can progress with several complications, including liver cirrhosis. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) appears to be effective in a subgroup of BCS patients. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of TIPS effectiveness in BCS treatment, considering the survival rate, reduction in portosystemic pressure, need for liver transplantation, technical failure, and shunt dysfunction for up to 10 years of follow-up. Methods: We evaluated 17 studies published in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases, which used TIPS as a treatment for BCS, comprising 618 subjects between 18 and 78 years old. We assessed the bias risk by the NOS, NHI, and JBI scales for cohort studies, before-after studies, and case series, respectively. We conducted the meta-analyses by extracting the number of events and the total patients evaluated to perform the proportion meta-analyses using the R software (“meta” package - version 4.9-6). Results: The pooled results (95%CI) showed a 19% (25.9-12.5%) rate of portosystemic pressure reduction, 6% (1-12%) rate for the need for liver transplants despite the use of TIPS, 2% (1-6%) technical failure rate, 30% (18-46%) shunt dysfunction rate, and 88% (81-93%) for the mean frequency of patients alive between 1 and 10 years after the procedure. We stratified survival rate and found an 86% (74-93%) prevalence of living subjects during less than five years, 92% (83-97%) at five years, and a 77% frequency (68-83%) of patients alive ten years after the TIPS placement. Conclusion: TIPS is an effective treatment for BCS, providing a high 10-year frequency of living patients and a significant decrease in portosystemic pressure. The need for liver transplants after TIPS and the technical failure rate is low

O AMBIENTE COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA CLIENTES EM PÓS-OPERATÓRIO:

Este subprojeto tem como objetivos: decodificar os riscos no ambiente a partir da fala dos clientes em situação de pós-operatório e discutir esses achados e suas implicações na prática do cuidado de enfermagem

Effect of Irrigation Depths and Salinity Levels on the Growth and Production of Forage Palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana

Although the adaptation of forage palm to the Brazilian semi-arid, it may be influenced by soil and climatic conditions of this region, irregular rainy periods, high annual evapotranspiration and soils with a low water retention capacity. These factors may reduce crop production during dry seasons, including forage. The present research aimed at analyzing the effect of irrigation with different water depths and levels of salinity on Orelha de Elefante Mexicana cultivar. The study was carried out in pots in the Federal University of Campina Grande, from September 2017 to December 2018. Experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 x 4, with 4 replications. Four irrigation water depths were applied (25, 50, 75, and 100%), as a function of water retention capacity of soil and four levels of electrical conductivity: 0.60; 3.00; 5.40 and 7.80 dS m−1. Morphometric and production variables were evaluated. Plant growth was not affected by irrigation water depth and levels of salinity, except the thickness of secondary cladode. Primary cladodes showed the greatest average values (4.03 cladodes) for 376.00 mm depth. The other variables evaluated did not present significant effects under treatments. Saline water did not affect the total production of the cultivar

ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE EL PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE LOS CUIDADORES DE ANCIANOS CON DEMENCIA Y LA SOBRECARGA DEL CUIDADO

The present study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical profile of caregivers and their relationship with overburden of care of elderly people with dementia. Descriptive cross-sectional study, non-probability sample with 94 elderly people suffering with dementia, conducted at a Care Center for Elderly in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data was collected from February to June 2016, through a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and Zarit Inventory. Forty-six (50%) caregivers had moderate overburden, 35 (38%) had little overburden and 11 (12%) moderate/severe overburden; 71 (77%) caregivers took 1 to 5 drugs and 20 (22%) took 6 to 11 drugs. The following trends were observed: individuals with lower income experienced higher levels of overburden; less experienced caregivers had moderate overburden; the greater the overburden of caregivers, the lower the average age of these individuals. Also, overburdened caregivers were in conditions of biological and psychological vulnerability.Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos cuidadores e sua relação com a sobrecarga proveniente do cuidado ao idoso com demência. Estudo descritivo transversal, amostra não probabilística com 94 cuidadores de idosos com demência, realizado num Centro de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de fevereiro a junho de 2016, por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e escala de Zarit. Quarenta e seis (50%) cuidadores apresentaram sobrecarga moderada, 35 (38%) pouca sobrecarga e 11 (12%) sobrecarga moderada/severa; 71 (77%) cuidadores usavam de 1 a 5 medicamentos e 20 (22%) 6 a 11 medicamentos. Observou-se as tendências: indivíduos com rendas mais baixas evidenciaram maiores níveis de sobrecarga; cuidadores com menor tempo de experiência possuíam sobrecarga moderada; quanto maior a sobrecarga, menor a média da idade. Verificou-se que a sobrecarga do cuidado coloca o cuidador em condições de vulnerabilidade biológica e psicológica.Fue objetivo del estudio evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de los cuidadores y su relación con la sobrecarga del cuidado al anciano con demencia. Estudio descriptivo transversal, con muestra probabilística con 94 cuidadores de ancianos con demencia, realizado en un Centro de Atención a la Salud del Anciano en estado de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos fueron obtenidos de febrero a junio de 2016, por medio de cuestionario sociodemográfico y escala de Zarit. Cuarenta y seis (50%) cuidadores presentaron sobrecarga moderada, 35 (38%) poca sobrecarga y 11 (12%) sobrecarga moderada/severa; 71 (77%) cuidadores usaban de 1 a 5 medicamentos e 20 (22%) 6 a 11 medicamentos. Se observaron las siguientes tendencias: individuos con rentas más bajas evidenciaron mayores niveles de sobrecarga; cuidadores con menos tiempo de experiencia tenían sobrecarga moderada; cuanto mayor la sobrecarga, menor la media de edad. Se verificó que la sobrecarga del cuidado pone el cuidador en condiciones de vulnerabilidad biológica y psicológica

Seeing the forest through many trees: multi-taxon patterns of phylogenetic diversity in the Atlantic Forest hotspot

We combine phylogenetic and point locality data from selected lineages of the Atlantic Forest flora and fauna to compare spatial patterns of biodiversity sustained by the current configuration of forest remnants to a scenario of complete forest preservation. We then ask the question "how much biodiversity is likely lost, already"? Specifically, we assess how habitat loss likely impacted the climatic spaces occupied by the local species, the inferred composition of local communities and the spatial distribution of phylogenetic diversity and endemism