Concepciones de "orden" y "seguridad" en la normativa policial bonaerense : 1955-1982

En este trabajo nos proponemos describir las concepciones sobre “orden” y “seguridad”, explícitas o implícitas, en la normativa de la policía de Buenos Aires entre 1955 y 1982. Conceptualmente, partimos de la distinción entre “seguridad ciudadana” (el despliegue estatal del conjunto de leyes y prácticas destinadas a dar protección y a asegurar el ejercicio de los derechos y garantías individuales) y “seguridad pública” (la prosecución, por parte de la intervención estatal, de su propia protección, permanencia y reproducción). El concepto de “orden público” se refiere a una situación en la que la vida, individual y colectiva, se desarrolla en un ámbito de tranquilidad social al amparo de las normas vigentes. La institución pública cuya misión específica es el mantenimiento del orden público en sus múltiples dimensiones, seguridad, tranquilidad, salubridad y moralidad pública, es la “policía”. La policía regula el ejercicio de los derechos, vigila su cumplimiento y ejecuta coactivamente las sanciones. El “poder de policía”, por su parte, es la potestad de regulación y encauzamiento de conductas por medio de la limitación en el ejercicio de los derechos individuales. Ahora bien, las sociedades, con el propósito de gestionar la conflictividad social, diseñan e implementan políticas de seguridad. Pero existen concepciones contrapuestas respecto de la mejor manera de gestionar esos conflictos. Algunas asimilan la idea de orden y seguridad, dando sustento a una ilusión de orden absoluto. La regulación punitiva de las conductas individuales y colectivas es resultado de esta visión. Otras, por el contrario, sostienen que deben generarse mecanismos consensuados que permitan intervenir en los desacuerdos a partir de las instituciones democráticas. En esta perspectiva, toda forma de intervención debe basarse en el sistema normativo vigente.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

The perception of death in life course: a study of the role of death in changes and biographical events

El objetivo de este artículo es describir la percepción que los individuos tienen de la muerte en las distintas etapas de sus biografías. Los datos se basan en el Estudio CEVI - Cambios y Eventos en el Curso de la Vida, cuyo objetivo es comparar los cambios y transiciones personales de individuos situados en diferentes posiciones en el curso de la vida. El cuestionario fue aplicado a una muestra de 572 varones y mujeres, distribuidos en cinco grupos de edad. Los hallazgos más relevantes se refieren a la identificación creciente de la presencia de la muerte a lo largo de la existencia, mostrando que las esferas de la vida involucradas en los cambios personales van modificándose en función de la etapa atravesada. La muerte es percibida como una transición significativa independientemente de la cohorte de pertenencia.This article states the results obtained in Argentina regarding the perception of death in individuals at different stages of personal biographies. Data is based on the research Estudio CEVI - Cambios y Eventos en el Curso de la Vida (CEVI Study - Changes and Events in Life Course), whose purpose is to compare the perception on changes and personal transitions in individuals at different stages in the life course. The questionnaire was used in a sample of 572 people, men and women, distributed in five age groups. Most relevant findings express the growing identification of the presence of death in the life course, showing that life-spheres involved in personal changes are altered in relation to the life stage and to the prevailing roles played in those stages. Death is perceived as a meaningful transition, regardless of cohort.Fil: Lynch, Gloria. Universidad Nacional de Lujan. Secretaria de Ciencia y Técnica; ArgentinaFil: Oddone, Maria Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Sede Académica Argentina Buenos Aires; Argentin

Teorías y métodos para la investigación de las representaciones sociales de la vejez y del envejecimiento

El objetivo de esta ponencia es identificar distintas estrategias de abordaje teórico y metodológico de las Representaciones Sociales de la Vejez y el Envejecimiento. Con ese fin, se presentará una breve descripción de los principales enfoques de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales (socio socio-genético, estructural y socio socio- dinámico), de los debates conceptuales y epistemológicos inherentes, en relación con el objeto de estudio, la articulación entre lo social y lo individual y la inscripció n histórica de las Representaciones Sociales, así como sus implicaciones en las decisiones metodológicas y técnicas que deben tomar lxs investigadorxs. Se hará referencia específica a la relación existente entre la vivencia del proceso de envejecimiento y las representaciones sociales sobre la vejez, acordes con las distintas etapas de la vida por la que transitan varones y mujeres en nuestra sociedad.GT08: Cultura y envejecimiento. El qué qué-hacer antropológico y gerontológico en el abordaje de las trayectorias vitales.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Biografías de superación, reproducción o precarización de mujeres y varones en la vejez temprana

Objective: describe the relationship between the conditions of origin and the work and family trajectories of men and women aged 65 to 69, with their biographies of improvement, reproduction or precarization. Background: we used the Life Course Approach initiated by G. Elder, the Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage Theory discusses by D. Dannefer and the Gender Studies in the life course developed by R. Levy and E. Widmer. Methods: descriptive exploratory qualitative design. Data emerged from 12 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2017. It was analyzed using the content analysis technique and a typology of biographies was developed. Results: women’s trajectories were linked to the family domain and they were susceptible to changes and events that led to vulnerability; those of men were designed around the work domain and were less influenced by changes and events, resulting in paths closer to integration. That is, on the one hand, female biographies linked to the private world, heteronomous and discontinuous and, on the other hand, autonomous and continuous male biographies linked to the public world.Objetivo: describir la relación que las condiciones de origen y las trayectorias laborales y familiares de varones y mujeres de entre 65 y 69 años tienen con sus biografías de superación, reproducción o precarización. Marco teórico: recurrimos al Enfoque del Curso de la Vida iniciado por G. Elder; la Teoría de la Acumulación de Ventajas y Desventajas en la perspectiva desarrollada por D. Dannefer y en los Estudios de Género en las versiones relacionadas con el curso de la vida por R. Levy y E. Widmer. Metodología: diseño cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo. La información surgió de 12 entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas en el año 2017. Fue analizada mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido y se elaboró una tipología de biografías. Resultados: las trayectorias de las mujeres estuvieron ligadas a la esfera de la familia y fueron susceptibles a cambios y eventos conducentes a la vulnerabilidad; las de los varones se diseñaron alrededor del ámbito laboral y se mostraron menos influenciadas por cambios y eventos, originando recorridos más apegados a la integración. Es decir, por un lado, biografías femeninas ligadas al mundo privado, heterónomas y discontinuas y, por el otro, biografías masculinas ligadas al mundo público, autónomas y continuas

P27Kip1 directly represses Sox2 during embryonic stem cell differentiation

The mechanisms responsible for the transcriptional silencing of pluripotency genes in differentiated cells are poorly understood. We have observed that cells lacking the tumor suppressor p27 can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the absence of ectopic Sox2. Interestingly, cells and tissues from p27 null mice, including brain, lung, and retina, present an elevated basal expression of Sox2, suggesting that p27 contributes to the repression of Sox2. Furthermore, p27 null iPSCs fail to fully repress Sox2 upon differentiation. Mechanistically, we have found that upon differentiation p27 associates to the SRR2 enhancer of the Sox2 gene together with a p130-E2F4-SIN3A repressive complex. Finally, Sox2 haploinsufficiency genetically rescues some of the phenotypes characteristic of p27 null mice, including gigantism, pituitary hyperplasia, pituitary tumors, and retinal defects. Collectively, these results demonstrate an unprecedented connection between p27 and Sox2 relevant for reprogramming and cancer and for understanding human pathologies associated with p27 germline mutations

Genome-wide analysis of ivermectin response by Onchocerca volvulus reveals that genetic drift and soft selective sweeps contribute to loss of drug sensitivity

Treatment of onchocerciasis using mass ivermectin administration has reduced morbidity and transmission throughout Africa and Central/South America. Mass drug administration is likely to exert selection pressure on parasites, and phenotypic and genetic changes in several Onchocerca volvulus populations from Cameroon and Ghana-exposed to more than a decade of regular ivermectin treatment-have raised concern that sub-optimal responses to ivermectin's anti-fecundity effect are becoming more frequent and may spread.Pooled next generation sequencing (Pool-seq) was used to characterise genetic diversity within and between 108 adult female worms differing in ivermectin treatment history and response. Genome-wide analyses revealed genetic variation that significantly differentiated good responder (GR) and sub-optimal responder (SOR) parasites. These variants were not randomly distributed but clustered in ~31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), with little overlap in putative QTL position and gene content between the two countries. Published candidate ivermectin SOR genes were largely absent in these regions; QTLs differentiating GR and SOR worms were enriched for genes in molecular pathways associated with neurotransmission, development, and stress responses. Finally, single worm genotyping demonstrated that geographic isolation and genetic change over time (in the presence of drug exposure) had a significantly greater role in shaping genetic diversity than the evolution of SOR.This study is one of the first genome-wide association analyses in a parasitic nematode, and provides insight into the genomics of ivermectin response and population structure of O. volvulus. We argue that ivermectin response is a polygenically-determined quantitative trait (QT) whereby identical or related molecular pathways but not necessarily individual genes are likely to determine the extent of ivermectin response in different parasite populations. Furthermore, we propose that genetic drift rather than genetic selection of SOR is the underlying driver of population differentiation, which has significant implications for the emergence and potential spread of SOR within and between these parasite populations

Educational disparities in health behaviors among patients with diabetes: the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Our understanding of social disparities in diabetes-related health behaviors is incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine if having less education is associated with poorer diabetes-related health behaviors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This observational study was based on a cohort of 8,763 survey respondents drawn from ~180,000 patients with diabetes receiving care from 68 provider groups in ten managed care health plans across the United States. Self-reported survey data included individual educational attainment ("education") and five diabetes self-care behaviors among individuals for whom the behavior would clearly be indicated: foot exams (among those with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or a history of foot ulcers); self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG; among insulin users only); smoking; exercise; and certain diabetes-related health seeking behaviors (use of diabetes health education, website, or support group in last 12 months). Predicted probabilities were modeled at each level of self-reported educational attainment using hierarchical logistic regression models with random effects for clustering within health plans.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Patients with less education had significantly lower predicted probabilities of being a non-smoker and engaging in regular exercise and health-seeking behaviors, while SMBG and foot self-examination did not vary by education. Extensive adjustment for patient factors revealed no discernable confounding effect on the estimates or their significance, and most education-behavior relationships were similar across sex, race and other patient characteristics. The relationship between education and smoking varied significantly across age, with a strong inverse relationship in those aged 25–44, modest for those ages 45–64, but non-evident for those over 65. Intensity of disease management by the health plan and provider communication did not alter the examined education-behavior relationships. Other measures of socioeconomic position yielded similar findings.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The relationship between educational attainment and health behaviors was modest in strength for most behaviors. Over the life course, the cumulative effect of reduced practice of multiple self-care behaviors among less educated patients may play an important part in shaping the social health gradient.</p

Bilateral infraorbital nerve blocks decrease postoperative pain but do not reduce time to discharge following outpatient nasal surgery

While infraorbital nerve blocks have demonstrated analgesic benefits for pediatric nasal and facial plastic surgery, no studies to date have explored the effect of this regional anesthetic technique on adult postoperative recovery. We designed this study to test the hypothesis that infraorbital nerve blocks combined with a standardized general anesthetic decrease the duration of recovery following outpatient nasal surgery. At a tertiary care university hospital, healthy adult subjects scheduled for outpatient nasal surgery were randomly assigned to receive bilateral infraorbital injections with either 0.5% bupivacaine (Group IOB) or normal saline (Group NS) using an intraoral technique immediately following induction of general anesthesia. All subjects underwent a standardized general anesthetic regimen and were transported to the recovery room following tracheal extubation. The primary outcome was the duration of recovery (minutes) from recovery room admission until actual discharge to home. Secondary outcomes included average and worst pain scores, nausea and vomiting, and supplemental opioid requirements. Forty patients were enrolled. A statistically significant difference in mean [SD] recovery room duration was not observed between Groups IOB and NS (131 [61] min vs 133 [58] min, respectively; P = 0.77). Subjects in Group IOB did experience a reduction in average pain on a 0–100 mm scale (mean [95% confidence interval]) compared to Group NS (−11 [−21 to 0], P = 0.047), but no other comparison of secondary outcomes was statistically significant. When added to a standardized general anesthetic, bilateral IOB do not decrease actual time to discharge following outpatient nasal surgery despite a beneficial effect on postoperative pain