202 research outputs found
Interpretation of geomagnetic Pc3, 4 pulsations
Interpretation of geomagnetic Pc4 and Pc3 pulsation
Nanosecond molecular relaxations in lipid bilayers studied by high energy resolution neutron scattering and in-situ diffraction
We report a high energy-resolution neutron backscattering study to
investigate slow motions on nanosecond time scales in highly oriented solid
supported phospholipid bilayers of the model system DMPC -d54 (deuterated
1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phoshatidylcholine), hydrated with heavy water.
Wave vector resolved quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is used to
determine relaxation times , which can be associated with different
molecular components, i.e., the lipid acyl chains and the interstitial water
molecules in the different phases of the model membrane system. The inelastic
data are complemented both by energy resolved and energy integrated in-situ
diffraction. From a combined analysis of the inelastic data in the energy and
time domain, the respective character of the relaxation, i.e., the exponent of
the exponential decay is also determined. From this analysis we quantify two
relaxation processes. We associate the fast relaxation with translational
diffusion of lipid and water molecules while the slow process likely stems from
collective dynamics
Chemically Controlled Bending of Compositionally Anisotropic Microcylinders
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90375/1/anie_201105387_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90375/2/660_ftp.pd
Multi-end functionalised polymer additives synthesised by living anionic polymerisationâthe impact of additive molecular structure upon surface properties
Comparison of predictive estimates of highâlatitude electrodynamics with observations of globalâscale Birkeland currents
Two of the geomagnetic storms for the Space Weather Prediction Center Geospace Environment Modeling challenge occurred after data were first acquired by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). We compare Birkeland currents from AMPERE with predictions from four models for the 4â5 April 2010 and 5â6 August 2011 storms. The four models are the Weimer (2005b) fieldâaligned current statistical model, the LyonâFedderâMobarry magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation, the Open Global Geospace Circulation Model MHD simulation, and the Space Weather Modeling Framework MHD simulation. The MHD simulations were run as described in Pulkkinen et al. (2013) and the results obtained from the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. The total radial Birkeland current, ITotal, and the distribution of radial current density, Jr, for all models are compared with AMPERE results. While the total currents are well correlated, the quantitative agreement varies considerably. The Jr distributions reveal discrepancies between the models and observations related to the latitude distribution, morphologies, and lack of nightside current systems in the models. The results motivate enhancing the simulations first by increasing the simulation resolution and then by examining the relative merits of implementing more sophisticated ionospheric conductance models, including ionospheric outflows or other omitted physical processes. Some aspects of the system, including substorm timing and location, may remain challenging to simulate, implying a continuing need for realâtime specification.Key PointsPresents the first comparison between observed fieldâaligned currents and models previously evaluated for space weather operational useThe model and observed integrated currents are well correlated, but the ratio between them ranges from 1/3 to 3The 2âD current densities are weakly correlated with observations implying significant areas for improvements in the modelsPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136469/1/swe20415_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136469/2/swe20415.pd
Using a Magnetic Flux Transport Model to Predict the Solar Cycle
We present the results of an investigation into the use of a magnetic flux transport model to predict the amplitude of future solar cycles. Recently Dikpati, de Toma, & Gilman (2006) showed how their dynamo model could be used to accurately predict the amplitudes of the last eight solar cycles and offered a prediction for the next solar cycle - a large amplitude cycle. Cameron & Schussler (2007) found that they could reproduce this predictive skill with a simple 1-dimensional surface flux transport model - provided they used the same parameters and data as Dikpati, de Toma, & Gilman. However, when they tried incorporating the data in what they argued was a more realistic manner, they found that the predictive skill dropped dramatically. We have written our own code for examining this problem and have incorporated updated and corrected data for the source terms - the emergence of magnetic flux in active regions. We present both the model itself and our results from it - in particular our tests of its effectiveness at predicting solar cycles
Theory of supercrystalline structures in mixtures of ABC triblock and ab, bc, and ac diblock copolymers
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