Davidson Seamount Taxonomic Guide

Davidson Seamount is one of the largest seamounts in U.S. waters and the first to be characterized as a “seamount.” In 2002 and 2006, the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) led two multi-institutional expeditions to characterize the geology and natural history of Davidson Seamount. Results from these expeditions to Davidson Seamount are adding to the scientific knowledge of seamounts, including the discovery of new species. In November 2008, the MBNMS boundary was expanded to include the Davidson Seamount. In addition, a management plan for Davidson Seamount was created to develop resource protection, education, and research strategies for the area. The purpose of this taxonomic guide is to create an inventory of benthic and mid-water organisms observed at the Davidson Seamount to provide a baseline taxonomic characterization. At least 237 taxa were observed and are presented in this guide; including 15 new or undescribed species (8 sponges, 3 corals, 1 ctenophore, 1 nudibranch, 1 polychaete, 1 tunicate) recently or currently being described by taxonomic experts. This is the first taxonomic guide to Davidson Seamount, and is intended to be revised in the future as we learn more about the seamount and the organisms that live there. (PDF has 145 pages.

A record of fossil shallow-water whale falls from Italy

Twenty-five Neogene-Quaternary whales hosted in Italian museum collections and their associated fauna were analysed for evidence of whale-fall community development in shallow-water settings. The degree of bone articulation, completeness of the skeleton and lithology of the embedding sediments were used to gather information on relative water depth, water energy, sedimentation rate and overall environmental predictability around the bones. Shark teeth and hard-shelled invertebrates with a necrophagous diet in close association with the bones were used as evidence of scavenging. Fossil bone bioerosion, microbially mediated cementation and other mollusc shells in the proximity of the remains informed on past biological activity around the bones. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that shallow-water whale falls differ from their deep-water counterparts. Taphonomic pathways are more variable on the shelf and whale carcasses may not go through all steps of the ecological succession as recognised in the deep sea. Whilst the mobile scavenger and the enrichment opportunistic stages are well represented, chemosynthetic taxa typical of the sulphophilic stage were recovered only in one instance. The presence of a generalist fauna among the suspension feeding bivalves and carnivorous gastropods, and the extreme rarity of chemosynthetic taxa, suggest that predatory pressure rules out whale-fall specialists from shallow shelf settings as in analogous cold seep and vent shallow-water communities. © 2014 The Lethaia Foundation

The biogeography and distribution of megafauna at three California seamounts

Video recordings from Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) dives are used to describe the biogeography and distribution of megafauna communities found at three seamounts off central and southern California, USA. In total, 27 ROV dives were annotated in detail using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u27s (MBARI) Video Annotation Reference System (VARS). Video analysis yielded 136,716 biological observations. In all, 236 megafauna taxa are described from observations at these seamounts. Seamount bathymetry was analyzed to relate the observed faunal distribution to seamount slope, aspect, and bathymetric position index. Video transects, collected at Davidson Seamount in 2006 and at Pioneer Seamount in 2007, were analyzed to quantify species\u27 densities. Thirteen new species including sponges, corals, and echinoderms were observed and collected as part of this research; most of these are being or have been described by taxonomists. This study shows there is little or no endemism among invertebrate megafauna and demersal fishes identified at these seamounts. Results also indicate that many seamount organisms have specific depth distributions, and because of this, the depth of the seamount influences community composition. Additionally, proximity to the continental slope and seamount shape are important in determining community structure and organism distribution

Meaning Constitution Analysis: A Phenomenological Approach to Research in Human Sciences

Each and every thought, word, feeling or action of a person harbor a richness of meaning, opening on all the possible worlds accessible for him/her. A vision on those possible worlds, those open possibilities of action, should be of great interest for human science research. We believe that the phenomenological thinking of Edmund Husserl, reworked to adapt to the modern conception of the human sciences, can allow such an understanding of a person or a more or less large group, giving not a static picture of his mind, but a dynamic view of the ongoing process of constitution of meaning. In cross-cultural and/or intercultural comparative fields as well as developmental and educational fields, the researcher is confronted to language, in conversations, narratives, writings and texts studied, to understand the relations of individuals to their cultures. Collecting freely expressed narratives and texts, the researcher accesses the whole universe of the subject in all its richness, individual specificity and cultural and social characteristics. Hence the question of the meaning and interpretation of the narratives to be done by a lecture in intension to reconstruct the possible worlds of the subject by phenomenological analysis. MCA, “Meaning Constitution Analysis”, explores the pluralities of the significations lying in the texts and implied by it. Software, MCA – Minerva, has been developed as an efficient tool in the work of text analysis. By MCA-method any kind of text can be analyzed in a rigorous and controlled way. By allowing also for different statistical treatment of the results of the process of analysis, it might render obsolete the now almost classical distinction between qualitative and quantitative methods

Ecological succession of a Jurassic shallow-water ichthyosaur fall.

After the discovery of whale fall communities in modern oceans, it has been hypothesized that during the Mesozoic the carcasses of marine reptiles created similar habitats supporting long-lived and specialized animal communities. Here, we report a fully documented ichthyosaur fall community, from a Late Jurassic shelf setting, and reconstruct the ecological succession of its micro- and macrofauna. The early 'mobile-scavenger' and 'enrichment-opportunist' stages were not succeeded by a 'sulphophilic stage' characterized by chemosynthetic molluscs, but instead the bones were colonized by microbial mats that attracted echinoids and other mat-grazing invertebrates. Abundant cemented suspension feeders indicate a well-developed 'reef stage' with prolonged exposure and colonization of the bones prior to final burial, unlike in modern whale falls where organisms such as the ubiquitous bone-eating worm Osedax rapidly destroy the skeleton. Shallow-water ichthyosaur falls thus fulfilled similar ecological roles to shallow whale falls, and did not support specialized chemosynthetic communities

Active mud volcanoes on the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea

The major geochemical characteristics of Red Sea brine are summarized for 11 brine-filled deeps located along the central graben axis between 19°N and 27°N. The major element composition of the different brine pools is mainly controlled by variable mixing situations of halite-saturated solution (evaporite dissolution) with Red Sea deep water. The brine chemistry is also influenced by hydrothermal water/rock interaction, whereas magmatic and sedimentary rock reactions can be distinguished by boron, lithium, and magnesium/calcium chemistry. Moreover, hydrocarbon chemistry (concentrations and δ 13 C data) of brine indicates variable injection of light hydrocarbons from organic source rocks and strong secondary (bacterial or thermogenic) degradation processes. A simple statistical cluster analysis approach was selected to look for similarities in brine chemistry and to classify the various brine pools, as the measured chemical brine compositions show remarkably strong concentration variations for some elements. The cluster analysis indicates two main classes of brine. Type I brine chemistry (Oceanographer and Kebrit Deeps) is controlled by evaporite dissolution and contributions from sediment alteration. The Type II brine (Suakin, Port Sudan, Erba, Albatross, Discovery, Atlantis II, Nereus, Shaban, and Conrad Deeps) is influenced by variable contributions from volcanic/ magmatic rock alteration. The chemical brine classification can be correlated with the sedimentary and tectonic setting of the related depressions. Type I brine-filled deeps are located slightly off-axis from the central Red Sea graben. A typical " collapse structure formation " which has been defined for the Kebrit Deep by evaluating seismic and geomorphological data probably corresponds to our Type I brine. Type II brine located in depressions in the northern Red Sea (i.e., Conrad and Shaban Deeps) could be correlated to " volcanic intrusion-/extrusion-related " deep formation. The chemical indications for hydrothermal influence on Conrad and Shaban Deep brine can be related to brines from the multi-deeps region in the central Red Sea, where volcanic/magmatic fluid/rock interaction is most obvious. The strongest hydrothermal influence is observed in Atlantis II brine (central multi-deeps region), which is also the hottest Red Sea brine body in 2011 (*68.2 °C)

Sensuella slavinnor på sammetssoffor : Uttryck för den manliga blicken i nakenavbildningen av kvinnor i fransk orientalistisk konst under 1800-talet.

Inom konst och kultur kan orientalismen definieras som en strömning som betonar karaktärsdrag och estetik som är typiska för de koloniserade områdena i Mellanöstern, Nordafrika och delar av Asien. Genom att använda estetiken från Orienten som en lins kunde europeiska konstnärer projicera sina egna fantasier gentemot den koloniserade kulturen. Därmed kunde de använda orientaliska motiv som en täckmantel för att avbilda teman som i hemlandet var moraliskt tabu. Ett av dessa teman var nakenhet, som inte kunde avbildas utan mytologiska, historiska eller kolonialistiska ursäkter. De franska orientalistiska konstnärerna kom att avbilda människorna i kolonierna, särskilt kvinnorna, ur ett kolonialistiskt perspektiv och genom det sprida Frankrikes koloniala agenda. Avhandlingens syfte är att tolka uttryck för den manliga blicken i nakenavbildningar av kvinnor i franskt orientalistiskt måleri från 1800-talet utgående från det visuella språket i bilden. Hur uttrycks den manliga blicken i nakenavbildningar av kvinnor i fransk orientalistisk konst? Vilka aspekter i nakenavbildningarna kan kopplas till den manliga blicken? Förmedlades ett kolonialistiskt budskap genom nakenavbildningarna? Kan nakenhetens symbolik i primärmaterialet kopplas till andra nakenavbildningars symbolik? Genom att göra en visuell analys av målningarna granskas uttrycken för den manliga blicken ur ett feministiskt perspektiv. Kontexten utgörs av den franska kolonialismen under 1800-talet. Primärmaterialet består av franska orientalistiska målningar från 1800-talet där motivet är nakenavbildningar av kvinnor. Målningar av Eugène Delacroix, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Fernand Cormon, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Édouard Debat-Ponsan och Lecomte du Nüoy analyseras. Verken är målade under hela 1800-talet och är representativa för den orientalistiska konsten. Målningarna är avgränsade till de franska kolonierna och andra maktområden i Nordafrika. Catherine McCormacks Women in the Picture: Women, Art and the Power of Looking (2021) bidrar med ett feministiskt perspektiv på olika sorters avbildningar av kvinnor genom konsthistorien. Yvonne Erikssons och Anette Göthlunds Möten med bilder (2004) bidrar med underlag för den visuella analysen genom att presentera bildanalytiska verktyg med exempel från konsthistorien. Den visuella analysens resultat är att den manliga blicken kan tolkas ur primärmaterialet. Den manliga blicken uttrycks genom kvinnornas kroppsspråk, blickar och miljön runt dem. Genom avbildningarna förmedlade de orientalistiska konstnärerna en bild av att det koloniserade samhället var sexuellt promiskuöst och primitivt. Konstnärerna använde sig av stereotypiskt orientala miljöer och symboler för att kommunicera denna bild till åskådarna. Nakenhetens symbolik i de orientalistiska målningarna kan även kopplas till liknande symbolik hos tidigare nakenavbildningar, exempelvis till avbildningar av den mytologiska gudinnan Venus

Zu Gender im Deutschen und Schwedischen. Eine kontrastive Analyse von Personenbezeichnungen in Heinrich Bölls Erzählung Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum und deren zwei schwedischen Übersetzungen

Min pro gradu-avhandling är en fallstudie där jag undersöker hur kön syns i tyska och svenska personbeteckningar. Undersökningsmaterialet består av Heinrich Bölls berättelse Die Verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum från 1974 och berättelsens två översättningar till svenska från 1975 respektive 2011. Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka skillnaderna i fråga om hur kön kommer till uttryck i personbeteckningarna, å ena sidan mellan tyskan och svenskan och å andra sidan mellan svenskan på 1970-talet och svenskan på 2010-talet. Personbeteckningarna ur det tyska materialet och de motsvarande svenska översättningarna klassificeras i enlighet med en grammatisk indelning som huvudsakligen bygger på Dudens grammatik och i enlighet med en indelning enligt det kön som mottagaren upplever att kommuniceras som bygger på en modell av Hornscheidt. Enligt analysen uppvisar personbeteckningarna i materialet de väntade skillnaderna när det gäller den grammatiska klassificeringen: i tyskan kommer kön oftare till uttryck än i svenskan och i den äldre översättningen oftare än i den nyare. Vilket kön som kommuniceras påverkas huvudsakligen av det grammatiskt uttryckta könet, men det finns ytterligare faktorer som inverkar på det kommunicerade könet och som i vissa fall är svåra att motivera objektivt. Ett överraskande resultat är att personbeteckningar som uttrycker kön genom avledning oftast klassificeras som manliga i alla tre texter, medan personbeteckningar som uttrycker kön som lexem oftast förmedlar kvinnlighet.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format