Acceptability of Dry-Cured Belly (Pancetta) from Entire Males, Immunocastrates or Surgical Castrates: Study with Slovenian Consumers

Abandoning of male piglets castration in the European Union is a challenge for the pork production sector in particular for high-quality dry-cured traditional products. The information on consumer acceptability of dry-cured products from alternatives is limited, so the objective was to test the consumer acceptability of unsmoked traditional dry-cured belly (Kraška panceta) processed from three sex categories, i.e., surgical castrates (SC), entire males (EM) and immunocastrates (IC). Consumers (n = 331) were asked to taste dry-cured bellies from EM, IC and SC and to score the taste appreciation on a 9 cm unstructured scale. After tasting the pancetta of three sex categories, the consumers attributed the lowest acceptability scores to SC, whereas IC and EM received similar scores. Only about a quarter of consumers attributed the lowest score to EM, mainly when boar taint compounds were present. The results of this study indicate that a certain share of consumers was sensitive to taste deficiencies and that the leanness of this product is very important for consumersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Salivary and serum substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene related peptide in burning mouth syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an enigmatic condition with the aetiopathogenesis remaining largely obscure. However, a neuropathic basis for BMS continues to be an area of active clinical and research interest.It is becoming increasingly evident that certain oral disorders may be modulated by imbalances in certain neuropeptides such as substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) therefore we measured SP, NKA and CGRP in the saliva and sera of BMS patients as well as controls.Salivary and serum SP, NKA and CGRP were determined in the 26 female patients with burning mouth syndrome (age range 51-78, mean 65.69 yrs), and in the 22 female controls (age range 24-82, mean 49.72 yrs). Serum and salivary SP, NKA, CGRP levels were determined by commercial competitive enzyme immunoassay kits. Statistical analysis was performed by use of descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.No significant differences in salivary SP, NKA and CGRP as well as serum SP and CGRP between BMS patients and controls could be found. However, significantly decreased serum neurokinin A (

Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources in the Coastal Karstic Adriatic Area: A Case Study from the Dinaric Karst

The Bokanjac–Poličnik system, as a complex set of mutually interrelated Dinaric karst catchments and sub-catchments, is a highly vulnerable and limited groundwater source for the wider Zadar area in northern Dalmatia, Croatia. Based on hydrogeological, hydrochemical, and hydrological research, including the prediction of groundwater discharge by the end of the twenty-first century, a complex study was performed with the following main aims: (1) groundwater protection in the present state, (2) assessment of future groundwater protection, and (3) prediction of drinking water availability and quality under the predicted climate change conditions. Long-term prediction of changes in groundwater quantity, as well as investigations of trends in groundwater quality, will allow us to protect this essential natural resource with respect to possible negative trends. The results showed that a significant decrease in the quantity of available groundwater is possible and that extraction will have to be well planned because any decrease in the groundwater pressure in this area will cause a further decrease in quality, especially regarding the possibility of seawater intrusions into the aquifer. The results of this study were incorporated in sanitary protection zones

Vývoj mikroflóry ve střevech nosnic během celého života

In this study we characterised the development of caecal microbiota in egg laying hens over their commercial production lifespan, from the day of hatching until 60 weeks of age. Using pyrosequencing of V3/V4 variable regions of 16S rRNA genes for microbiota characterisation, we were able to define 4 different stages of caecal microbiota development. The first stage lasted for the first week of life and was characterised by a high prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae (phylum Proteobacteria). The second stage lasted from week 2 to week 4 and was characterised by nearly an absolute dominance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (both phylum Firmicutes). The third stage lasted from month 2 to month 6 and was characterised by the succession of Firmicutes at the expense of Bacteroidetes. The fourth stage was typical for adult hens in full egg production aged 7 months or more and was characterised by a constant ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes formed by equal numbers of the representatives of both phyla.V této studii jsme charakterizovali vývoj mikroflóry ve střevech nosnic ode dne vylíhnutí až do uplynutí 60 týdnů věku. SekvenovánímV3 / V4 variabilních oblastí 16S rRNA genů pro charakterizaci mikroflóry, jsme byli schopni definovat 4 různé stupně vývoje mikroflóry. První fáze trvala po první týden života a byla charakterizována vysokou prevalencí Enterobacteriaceae (kmen Proteobacteria). Druhá etapa trvala od 2. týdne do 4. týdnu byla charakterizována téměř absolutní dominancí Lachnospiraceae a Ruminococcaceae (oba kmen Firmicutes). Třetí etapa trvala od druhého do šestého měsíce a byla charakterizována řadou Firmicutes na úkor Bacteroidetes. Čtvrtá etapa byla typická pro dospělé slepice a byla charakterizována konstantním poměrem Bacteroidetes a Firmicutes tvořenou stejného počtu zástupců obou kmenů

Krskpolje pig in treasure project: from rearing to product

Krškopolje pig, a Slovenian autochthonous breed, is poorly researched and exploited, as is the case in many autochthonous (local) pig breeds. More knowledge about various aspects of breed characterisation, performances and socio-economic relevance is needed for the development of sustainable pork value chains. To answer these challenges, the studies are conducted within H2020 project TREASURE spanning from rearing to product evaluation. In this work, an overview of the first partial and preliminary results are presented for Krškopolje pig which concern the evaluation of growth performance in different rearing systems, effect of the incidence of RYR1 gene mutation and sensory quality and consumer acceptability of new traditional product (dry-cured sausage – salami type) from Krškopolje pigs.Postprint (published version

Krskpolje pig in treasure project: from rearing to product

Krškopolje pig, a Slovenian autochthonous breed, is poorly researched and exploited, as is the case in many autochthonous (local) pig breeds. More knowledge about various aspects of breed characterisation, performances and socio-economic relevance is needed for the development of sustainable pork value chains. To answer these challenges, the studies are conducted within H2020 project TREASURE spanning from rearing to product evaluation. In this work, an overview of the first partial and preliminary results are presented for Krškopolje pig which concern the evaluation of growth performance in different rearing systems, effect of the incidence of RYR1 gene mutation and sensory quality and consumer acceptability of new traditional product (dry-cured sausage – salami type) from Krškopolje pigs