Epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose no Estado de Goiás. O Estado foi estratificado em três circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito foram amostradas aleatoriamente 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas, foi escolhido de forma aleatória um número pré-estabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total, foram amostrados 10.744 animais, provenientes de 900 propriedades. Em cada propriedade visitada aplicou-se um questionário epidemiológico para verificar o tipo de exploração e as práticas de criação e sanitárias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infecção pela doença. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e a confirmação dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo quando pelo menos um animal foi reagente às duas provas sorológicas. No estrato 1, a prevalência foi de 7,7% [4,7-10,7%] para propriedades, e de 1,4% [0,99-1,7%] para animais. No estrato 2, foi de 19,5% [15,0-24,0%] para propriedades e de 2,6% [2,0-3,1%] para animais. No estrato 3, foi de 21,4% [16,7-26,1] para propriedades e 4,3% [3,7-5,0%] para animais. A prevalência obtida para o Estado foi de 17,5% [14,9-20,2%] para propriedades e de 3,0% [2,7-3,3%] para animais. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco, segundo a análise multivariada, foram: compra de reprodutores a comerciantes de gado (OR = 2,06 [1,12-3,52]), ocorrência de abortos nos últimos 12 meses (OR = 5,83 [3,86-8,8]) e prática de vacinação contra brucelose (OR = 2,07 [1,38-3,09]). Tanto a ocorrência de aborto quanto a vacinação são, neste caso, consequência da presença de brucelose no rebanho. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTA study to characterize the epidemiological status of brucellosis in the State of Goiás was carried out. The State was divided in three regions. Three hundred herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals was sampled in each of these herds. A total of 10,744 serum samples from 900 herds were collected. In each herd, it was applied an epidemiological questionnaire focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were re-tested by the 2-Mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal was positive on both RBT and 2-ME tests. For region 1, the herd prevalence was 7.7% [4.7-10.7%] and the animal prevalence was 1.4% [0.99-1.7%]. For region 2, the herd prevalence was 19.5% [15.0-24.0%] and the animal prevalence was 2.6% [2.0-3.1%]. For region 3, the herd prevalence was 21.4% [16.8-26.1%] and the animal prevalence was 4.3% [3.7-5.0%]. For the whole state, the herd prevalence was 17.5% [14.9-20.2%] and the animal prevalence was 3.0% [2.7-3.3%]. The multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with positive herds: purchase of breeding stock from cattle traders (OR = 2.06 [1.12-3.52]), occurrence of abortions over the last 12 months (OR = 5.83 [3.86-8.8]), and vaccination against brucellosis (OR = 2.07 [1.38-3.09]). Both the abortions and the vaccination are, in this case, a consequence of the herd being infected with brucellosis

Morphological patterns and malignancy criteria of transmissible venereal tumor in cytopathological and histopathological exams

The aim of this study was to identify morphological patterns and malignancy criteria of the TVT in cytopathological and histopathological evaluations and relate these characteristics to clinical evolution and response to chemotherapy. Regarding studied animals, sixteen dogs were female and four were male. The age of the animals ranged between one and ten years old. Considering breed, 80% of the dogs were mongrel dogs and 20% were of other breeds. It was found that the cytological samples allowed a better characterization of the cell type than histological ones. The plasmacytoid was the most common morphological type of TVT, followed by the lymphocytoid and mixed standards. There was no difference among the scores for the malignancy criteria and morphological types of TVT. Regarding response to chemotherapy, no morphological type of the TVT showed any difference, but the TVT presents morphological peculiarities that may interfere with tumor behavior, especially those related to increased aggressiveness and that are observed in the plasmacytoid TVT.Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os padrões morfológicos e os critérios de malignidade do TVT aos exames citológico e histopatológico e relacionar essas características à evolução clínica e à resposta à quimioterapia. Dos animais estudados, dezesseis cães eram fêmeas e quatro machos. A idade dos animais variou entre um e dez anos de idade. Quanto à raça, 80% dos cães eram sem raça definida e 20% de outras raças. Constatou-se que as amostras citológicas permitiram melhor caracterização do tipo celular do que as histológicas. O TVT tipo plasmocitoide foi o de maior ocorrência, seguido pelos padrões linfocitoide e misto. Não houve diferença entre os escores estabelecidos para os critérios de malignidade e os tipos do TVT. Nenhum tipo morfológico do TVT diferiu quanto à resposta quimioterápica, mas o TVT apresenta particularidades morfológicas que podem interferir no comportamento tumoral, especialmente aquelas relacionadas à maior agressividade, e que são observadas no TVT plasmocitoide

EOSINOFILIA TECIDUAL EM LESÕES DE DERMATITE DIGITAL BOVINA

Estudos demonstram que as lesões causadas pela dermatite digital bovina apresentam expressiva quantidade de eosinófilos, mas seus aspectos ainda são motivos de especulação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a eosinofilia tecidual presente em lesões de dermatite digital, nas diferentes fases da doença. Foram utilizadas quarenta fêmeas bovinas distribuídas em quatro grupos compostos de dez animais, sendo que o grupo GI constituiu-se de animais saudáveis, GII de animais na fase inicial da doença, GIII de bovinos com lesões erosivas e o grupo GIV formado por animais portadores de lesões na forma papilomatosa. O exame histopatológico revelou infiltrado inflamatório eosinofílico nas diferentes lesões digitais examinadas, principalmente na derme papilar, apresentando distribuição que variou de difusa a focal e/ou multifocal. O aumento na intensidade deste infiltrado foi proporcional ao grau da lesão. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bovino, enfermidade digital, eosinófilos, histopatologia

Tireoidite linfocítica canina em um Bull terrier

A tireoidite linfocítica é uma enfermidade auto-imune e uma das principais afecções tireoidianas, responsáveis por causar hipotireoidismo primário em cães. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um canino, Bull terrier, macho, de dois anos de idade e histórico de morte súbita durante exercício em esteira. À macroscopia, as alterações relevantes compreenderam congestão e edema pulmonar e endocardiose de mitral. Ao exame microscópico foram verificadas endocardiose, aterosclerose em vasos de diversos órgãos e, na tireóide, constatou-se tireoidite linfocítica. O exame anatomopatológico compreendeu ferramenta decisiva na descrição das alterações e conclusão do diagnóstico, visto que não havia diagnóstico prévio da enfermidade

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Measurement of differential cross sections for top quark pair production using the lepton plus jets final state in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

National Science Foundation (U.S.

Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV

Many measurements and searches for physics beyond the standard model at the LHC rely on the efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom or charm quarks. In this paper, the discriminating variables and the algorithms used for heavy-flavour jet identification during the first years of operation of the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are presented. Heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms have been improved compared to those used previously at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. For jets with transverse momenta in the range expected in simulated $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ events, these new developments result in an efficiency of 68% for the correct identification of a b jet for a probability of 1% of misidentifying a light-flavour jet. The improvement in relative efficiency at this misidentification probability is about 15%, compared to previous CMS algorithms. In addition, for the first time algorithms have been developed to identify jets containing two b hadrons in Lorentz-boosted event topologies, as well as to tag c jets. The large data sample recorded in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV has also allowed the development of new methods to measure the efficiency and misidentification probability of heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms. The heavy-flavour jet identification efficiency is measured with a precision of a few per cent at moderate jet transverse momenta (between 30 and 300 GeV) and about 5% at the highest jet transverse momenta (between 500 and 1000 GeV)

Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a hermetic hadron calorimeter, a strong magnetic field, and an excellent muon spectrometer. A fully-fledged PF reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was therefore developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider. For each collision, the comprehensive list of final-state particles identified and reconstructed by the algorithm provides a global event description that leads to unprecedented CMS performance for jet and hadronic tau decay reconstruction, missing transverse momentum determination, and electron and muon identification. This approach also allows particles from pileup interactions to be identified and enables efficient pileup mitigation methods. The data collected by CMS at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV show excellent agreement with the simulation and confirm the superior PF performance at least up to an average of 20 pileup interactions