Optical design for MEGARA: a multi-object spectrograph for the GTC

MEGARA is a multi-object spectrograph project for the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias with medium to high resolution: R ~ 5600 - 17000. The instrument operates in three modes that cover different sky areas and that can run simultaneously: (1) the compact mode through a large central Integral Field Unit with minimum fiber pitch, covering a field of view on sky of 12 arcsec × 14 arcsec, (2) the sparse mode with fibers covering 1 arcmin × 1arcmin in three pointings and (3) the dispersed mode with a grid of nearly 100 robotics positioners able to place 7-fiber minibundles over a large field of view of 3.5 arcmin × 3.5 arcmin. The spectrograph is composed by a pseudo-slit, where the fibers are placed simulating a long slit; a slit shutter is placed just behind the pseudo-slit, a collimator, a 162mm pupil where the volume phase holographic gratings are placed, and the camera with the detector. Here we describe the spectrograph optical rationale, the conceptual optical design and the expected system performance

Dietary patterns in Mexican preschool children are associated with stunting and overweight

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight among Mexican preschoolers. METHODS This study was conducted with anthropometric (weight, height/length), sociodemographic (age, gender, education level of household head, socioeconomic status, country region and area, ethnicity, and beneficiary of social programs), and dietary data (Semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire) on children aged from 1 to 4 years collected from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Dietary patterns were derived by principal components analysis. The association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight was assessed by prevalence ratios (PR), estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 1,112 preschoolers (mean age 3.06 years, SD = 1.08 years; 48.8% females) were included in the study; 11.9% of whom presented stunting, and 6.7% overweight. We identified four dietary patterns: Fruits and Vegetables [F&V], Western [W], Traditional [T], and Milk and Liquids [M&L]. Considering the lowest tertile of each dietary pattern as reference, the prevalence of stunting was 2.04 times higher [95%CI: 1.17–3.56] among children in the highest tertile of the “F&V” pattern. The prevalence of stunting was lower among children in the highest tertile of the “W” pattern [PR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.27–0.85]. Overweight was negatively associated with the “F&V” dietary pattern [PR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16–0.85 for its highest tertile], and children whose consumption was mostly equivalent to the “T” pattern showed higher prevalence of stunting [PR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01–3.00]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stunting and overweight in a nationwide sample of Mexican preschoolers was associated with dietary patterns

EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems

[EN] Creative thinking is necessary to generate novel ideas and solve problems. "EstuPlan" is a methodology in which knowledge and creativity converge for the resolution of scientific problems with social projection. It is a training programme that integrates teachers, laboratory technicians and PhD students, master and undergraduate students which form working groups for the development of projects. Projects have a broad and essential scope and projection in terms of environmental problems, sustainable use of natural resources, food, health, biotechnology or biomedicine. The results show the success of this significant learning methodology using tools to develop creativity in responding to scientific and social demand for problem-solving to transfer academic knowledge to different professional environments. Bioplastics, Second Life of Coffee, LimBio, Algae oils, Ecomers, Caring for the life of your crop and Hate to Deforestate are currently being developed.Astudillo Calderón, S.; De Díez De La Torre, L.; García Companys, M.; Ortega Pérez, N.; Rodríguez Martínez, V.; Alzahrani, S.; Alonso Valenzuela, R.... (2019). EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems. En HEAD'19. 5th International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 711-717. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD19.2019.9205OCS71171

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Brucelosis, una zoonosis presente en la población: estudio de series de tiempo en México

Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de la incidencia de brucelosis humana en México durante el periodo 2000-2011 y su relación con la brucelosis en rumiantes domésticos. Material y métodos. En estudio ecológico de series de tiempo se analizaron, mediante regresión Poisson multinivel múltiple, la incidencia de brucelosis humanas durante 2000- 2011 y la incidencia en rumiantes, y su relación con índice de desarrollo humano. Resultados. La alta incidencia de brucelosis bovina aumenta 15% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. La alta incidencia en caprinos aumenta 33% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. La presencia de casos nuevos de brucelosis ovina aumenta 13% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. Conclusiones. La brucelosis es un problema de salud pública; la presencia de la brucelosis en los rumiantes domésticos y el nivel de control de la enfermedad en ellos afecta la presencia de la enfermedad en humanos

Efecto del tabaquismo durante el embarazo sobre la antropometría al nacimiento

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo sobre el peso y la longitud al nacimiento. Material y métodos. Mediante el análisis secundario de una base de datos de dos estudios de cohorte, realizados en la Ciudad de México de 1993 a 2000 sobre exposición a plomo, se evaluaron las diferencias en el peso y longitud al nacer entre los hijos de mujeres que refirieron haber fumado durante el embarazo y las que no lo hicieron. Las diferencias se estimaron ajustando por otros factores importantes para el peso y la longitud al nacer, mediante modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados. La proporción de mujeres que dijeron fumar durante el embarazo fue de 4.7%. Se observó que los hijos de madres que fumaron durante el embarazo pesaron en promedio 154 gramos menos (IC 95% -284.7 -24.7), y midieron 0.79 centímetros menos (IC 95% - 1.5 -0.1), en comparación con los hijos de mujeres que refirieron no haber fumado durante el embarazo. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos ponen en evidencia el daño producido por el consumo de tabaco sobre la población infantil. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/46/en

El consumo inmoderado de alcohol como factor predictor de la persistencia del consumo de tabaco en jóvenes Immoderate alcohol consumption as predictor of tobacco smoking persistence among youth

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores predictores de la persistencia del tabaquismo en jóvenes estudiantes de Morelos, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la información de un estudio de cohorte (1998-2001) de estudiantes del sistema público de educación del Estado de Morelos, México. La muestra se integró con 3 699 participantes. El análisis se realizó mediante modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: De los 349 jóvenes que en la medición basal fumaban de modo activo, 192 persistieron en la segunda medición. El consumo inmoderado de alcohol en las mujeres resultó un factor predictor junto con la frecuencia de consumo previo de cigarrillos. En los hombres sólo la frecuencia anterior de consumo de cigarrillos predijo la persistencia en el tabaquismo. CONCLUSIONES: En ambos sexos, el número de cigarros fumados con anterioridad predice la persistencia del tabaquismo. En las mujeres, el consumo inmoderado de alcohol también es un factor predictor. Cualquier medida preventiva del tabaquismo debe considerar de manera integral la prevención del consumo de alcohol.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive factors of smoking persistence in young students in Morelos, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information from a cohort study (1998-2001) of students in the public education system in the state of Morelos, Mexico was analyzed. The number of participants was 3 699. The analysis was carried out using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 349 students who were active smokers according to the basal measurement, 192 persisted smoking in the second phase. Immoderate alcohol consumption by women, combined with the frequency of previous cigarrette consumption, was a predicting factor. In men, only the frequency of previous cigarette consumption predicted smoking persistence. CONCLUSIONS: For both genders, the number of cigarettes smoked previously was predictive of the persistence in tobacco consumption. In women, the immoderate use of alcohol is also a predictive factor. Any preventive smoking measure taken should consider as an integral component the prevention of alcohol consumption