Vivências e convivências na aldeia Mrotidjã : uma análise dos processos de educação escolar Xikrin

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2013.Este trabalho investiga, sob um olhar político, a educação escolar indígena Xikrin da aldeia Mrotidjã, situada na Terra Indígena Trincheira do Bacajá (PA). Com base em um relato etnográfico da viagem multiétnica concretizada por meio do projeto “Novos olhares e perspectivas acerca da educação escolar indígena: um intercâmbio intercultural entre os Xikrin (PA) e os Krahô (TO) nas escolas Baniwa e Tukano do Alto Rio Negro (AM)”, reflete-se sobre a educação escolar Xikrin, inter-relacionando com as atuais circunstâncias contemporâneas da vida dos indígenas – diretamente impactados pela construção da UHE Belo Monte. Essa análise propõe-se a problematizar, a partir de um diagnóstico da educação escolar indígena na região, os atuais movimentos dos Xikrin para aprenderem e dominarem os conhecimentos da sociedade nacional, de forma a possuírem instrumentos qualificados para o controle de suas relações inter-étnicas, ao mesmo tempo, em que desejam registrar suas histórias e valorizar sua língua, como forma de afirmação política. Foi por meio de pesquisa etnográfica e revisão bibliográfica que foi possível compor a estrutura dessa monografia. Sendo assim, com o objetivo de encadear a discussão acerca da temática, foram utilizados enxertos de relatos dos indígenas dialogando com bibliografia pertinente à área, enfatizando, sobretudo, as ransversalidades que almejei discutir: a relação entre escola, poder e conhecimentos. A finalidade do trabalho é agenciar, a partir de análises e reflexões críticas, subsídios para a escola da aldeia Mrotidjã, de forma a atender, de maneira mais qualificada, as demandas dos Xikrin. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis work investigates under a political view the indigenous education of the Xikrin people living in the Mrotidjã village, in the Trincheira do Bacajá Indigenous Territory, in the state of Para. Based on an ethnographic report of a multiethnic trip – which was part of a project called “New views and perspectives about the indigenous education: a multicultural exchange between the Xikrin (PA) and Krahô (TO) people in the Baniwa and Tukano in Alto Rio Negro (AM) schools - the paper reflects about the relationship of the Xikrin education with the contemporary life of these indigenous people, directly affected by the construction of the Belo Monte hydropower plan. After evaluating the current indigenous education in the region, this analysis plans to discuss which actions the Xikrin people are ta ing to learn and dominate the society’s common nowledge, aiming to create their own appropriate instruments to control their interethnic relationships and, at the same time, to register their own history and value their language, seeking political affirmation. The monograph was built through an ethnographic research and literature review. To initiate a debate on the topic, several quotes of the indigenous people were combined with the current literature on the theme, emphasizing the relationship between the school, power and knowledge. Based on analysis and critical thinking, this work plans to provide additional support to the school in the Mrotidjã village, so it can attend in a more qualified way the demands of the Xikrin people

Abordagem ao tratamento da epicondilite lateral

Introdução: A Epicondilite Lateral ou, simplesmente, “Cotovelo de tenista” representa uma lesão de sobrecarga frequente e constitui a causa mais comum de dor sobre o epicôndilo lateral na população adulta. Atualmente, o tratamento desta síndrome dolorosa carece de evidências científicas fortes sendo, por isso, controverso. Esta dissertação tem como objectivo o estudo comparativo de diferentes modalidades terapêuticas, tentando esclarecer algumas divergências existentes através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura mais recente. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em bases e motores de busca como a Pubmed, B-on, E-medicine, Medline, Google Scholar e base de dados da biblioteca do Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, entre Setembro de 2012 e Outubro de 2013. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram “Lateral epicondylitis”, ”Epicondilite lateral”, “Tennis elbow” e foram cruzadas com os termos “Treatment” e “Therapy”. Após uma fase de avaliação dos artigos recolhidos, foram selecionados 37 para uma análise comparativa, tendo em conta a diminuição da dor e/ou melhoria da força muscular. Resultados: Os estudos apontam para resultados divergentes quanto à eficácia das diferentes modalidades terapêuticas. Aquelas com resultados mais favoráveis (melhoria dos sintomas superior a 50%) são a cirurgia, toxina botulínica, plasma rico em plaquetas, sangue autólogo, corrente eléctrica de baixa intensidade e estimulação eléctrica nervosa transcutânea. Os corticosteróides, ortóteses, conduta expectante e laser apresentaram resultados menos favoráveis (melhoria dos sintomas inferior a 50%). As ortóteses são o tratamento com início mais rápido, enquanto que a fisioterapia/exercícios programados são o tratamento com efeitos mais tardios. Foram relatados efeitos adversos em cinco modalidades: cirurgia, toxina botulínica, corticosteróides, sangue autólogo e ondas de choque extracorporais. Conclusão: O tema “Epicondilite Lateral” apresenta opiniões controversas relativamente ao tratamento. Face aos resultados, a abordagem mais correta a um paciente com EL será uma combinação de terapias em vez de uma modalidade terapêutica isolada. Deve começar-se pelos tratamentos menos invasivos e ir escalonando de acordo com a evolução do paciente. De salientar que, independentemente do tratamento adotado, este deve ser ajustado às características clínicas evidenciadas pelo paciente, ou seja, deve ser um tratamento individualizado.Introduction: The Lateral Epicondylitis (LE) or, simply, “Tennis Elbow” is a frequent overuse lesion and the most common cause of pain of the lateral epicondyle on the adult population. Nowadays, the treatment of this painful syndrome requires strong scientific evidence, which is why it is controversial. The scope of this dissertation is the comparative study of the different therapeutic modalities. It tries to explain some of the existent divergences through the systematic review of the most recent literature. Methods: It has been done a research on basis and on search engines like Pubmed, B-on, E-medicine, Medline, Google Scholar and the data base of the Tondela Viseu Hospital Centre library, between September 2012 and October 2013. The keywords used were “Lateral epicondylitis”, ”Epicondilite lateral”, “Tennis elbow” which were crossed with the words “treatment” and “therapy”. After an evaluation phase of the collected articles there were selected 37 for a comparative analysis, having into consideration the decrease of the pain and/or the improvement of the muscle strength. Results: The studies point out to divergent results in respect to the effectiveness of the different therapeutic modalities. Surgery, botulinum toxin, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), autologous blood injection, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are the therapeutic modalities with the most favourable results (with an improvement of more than 50% of the symptoms). Orthoses are the treatment with rapid effect and on the other hand physical therapy/programmed exercises are the treatment with late effect. Four of these therapeutic modalities have revealed some adverse effects: surgery, botulinum toxin, corticosteroids, autologous blood injection and extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Conclusion: The “Lateral epicondylitis” theme presents several controversial opinions regarding to treatment. Given the results, the most correct approach to a LE patient is the use of a combination of therapies instead of the use of one therapeutic modality only. It should start by the less invasive treatments and then evolving according to the patient’s reaction to the treatment. Independently of the adopted treatment, it should be adjusted to the clinical record of the patient, which means, it should be an individualised treatment

P72 Knowledge and use of contraceptive methods in portuguese women with systemic lupus erythematosus

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Specific detection of dengue and Zika virus antibodies using envelope proteins with mutations in the conserved fusion loop

Detection of antibodies is widely used for the diagnosis of infections with arthropod-borne flaviviruses including dengue (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Due to the emergence of ZIKV in areas endemic for DENV, massive co-circulation is observed and methods to specifically diagnose these infections and differentiate them from each other are mandatory. However, serological assays for flaviviruses in general, and for DENV and ZIKV in particular, are compromised by the high degree of similarities in their proteins which can lead to cross-reacting antibodies and false-positive test results. Cross-reacting flavivirus antibodies mainly target the highly conserved fusion loop (FL) domain in the viral envelope (E-) protein, and we and others have shown previously that recombinant E-proteins bearing FL-mutations strongly reduce cross-reactivity. Here we investigate whether such mutant E-proteins can be used to specifically detect antibodies against DENV and ZIKV in an ELISA-format. IgM antibodies against DENV and ZIKV virus were detected with 100% and 94.2% specificity and 90.7% and 87.5% sensitivity, respectively. For IgG the mutant E-proteins showed cross-reactivity, which was overcome by pre-incubation of the sera with the heterologous antigen. This resulted in specificities of 97.1% and 97.9% and in sensitivities of 100% and 100% for the DENV and ZIKV antigens, respectively. Our results suggest that E-proteins bearing mutations in the FL-domain have a high potential for the development of serological DENV and ZIKV tests with high specificity

Ultrasonography Reliability in the Detection of Inflammatory and Structural Abnormalities: An Exercise in Multiple Joints

Background Ultrasonography is an image technique that allows rheumatologists to visualize structural and inflammatory changes within a joint. The objective of this study was to assess the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) in the detection of inflammatory and destructive joint changes in patients with polyarthritis. Methods A Delphi exercise was undertaken to standardize and adapt the EULAR-OMERACT elementary US definitions of inflammatory lesions (effusion, synovial hypertrophy, power Doppler, bone erosions, and synovitis) for each joint. Fifteen patients were analyzed, and video clips of 600 joints were collected. Each joint was scored for the presence of each elementary component, on 2 separate occasions, by 6 examiners. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement analysis was assessed through Fleiss κ coefficient (κ). Results Considering all patients and all joints, the interobserver values were highest for erosions and lowest for effusion (κ = 0.7314 and κ = 0.6044, respectively). When analyzing different regions, the highest interobserver agreement was for tibiotalar joint (κ = 0.8043) and the lowest for wrist (κ = 0.6767). Intraobserver reliability was excellent for each and all elementary components and anatomical region. Conclusions The present study showed either a good or excellent US interobserver and intraobserver reliability in elementary elements and anatomical region. This kind of US reliability exercises are important for standardization of exploration in everyday practice by reducing the variability associated with this imaging technique, and ensuring a greater degree of homogeneity and future comparability in the assessment of disease activity in polyarthritis patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Custos dos estudantes do ensino superior português - Relatório CESTES 2: Para a compreensão da condição social e económica dos estudantes do ensino superior

O relatório do projeto CESTES 2 apresenta os resultados de um questionário aplicado em 2015/2016 a uma amostra representativa e estratificada de estudantes do ensino superior a nível nacional, envolvendo estudantes do ensino público, privado, universitário e politécnico. Neste estudo encontram-se dados que permitem caracterizar a condição socioeconómica dos estudantes do ensino superior e conhecer os custos de educação e de vida que os estudantes enfrentam durante a frequência do Ensino Superior, tendo em conta o impacto do tipo de instituição, curso, área científica e região onde o estudante se encontra inscrito.The Project CESTES 2 is an Economics of Education research study, based on the cost sharing theory (Johnstone, 2004). It analyses the costs of the Portuguese higher education students in 2015/16, following similar studies developed by Cabrito (2000), Cerdeira (2005) and the 2010 CESTES 1 Project. Similarly to those previous studies, this research aimed to define the social and economic status of the Portuguese’s higher education students in 2015-16, collecting data on the Portuguese higher education students' costs of education and living, and understanding the relationship between those costs and the students' attendance in each type of Portuguese higher education institution, scientific area and geographic region. The project concludes that there has been a positive evolution in the Portuguese higher education in terms of number of enrolled students, number of graduates, and the quality and output of scientific research. However, some aspects are still restrictive, namely the students' availability to funding. The Portuguese higher education students and their families contribute with a significant portion to the financing of higher education, In comparison with their European colleagues, they are most penalized, and family budgets are heavily burdened with higher education attendance costs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison with adult-onset rheumatic diseases

Objective To compare physical disability, mental health, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) categories in adulthood and between JIA and adult-onset rheumatic diseases. Methods Cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort of adult patients with JIA registered in the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt). Physical disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index), mental health symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F)) and HRQoL (EuroQol-5D (EQ5D) and Short Form (SF-36)) were compared across JIA categories. Patients with polyarticular JIA and enthesis-related arthritis (ERA) JIA were compared respectively to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), matched for gender and age, adjusted for disease duration and activity. Results 585 adult patients with JIA were included. Comparison across JIA categories showed that persistent oligoarthritis and patients with ERA reported a higher score in EQ5D and SF-36 physical component when compared with other JIA categories. Polyarticular JIA reported less disability and fatigue than patients with RA (median Health Assessment Questionnaire of 0.25 vs 0.63; p<0.001 and median FACIT-F score 42 vs 40; p=0.041). Polyarticular JIA had also better scores on EQ5D and all domains of SF-36, than patients with RA. Patients with ERA reported less depression and anxiety symptoms (0% vs 14.8%; p=0.003% and 9% vs 21.3%; p=0.002) and less fatigue symptoms (45 vs 41; p=0.01) than patients with SpA. Conclusion Persistent oligoarticular JIA and ERA are the JIA categories in adulthood with better HRQoL. Overall, adult polyarticular and patients with ERA JIA have lower functional impairment and better quality-of-life than patients with RA and SpA.publishersversionpublishe

Relation between paraoxonase activity, other HDL components and inflammatory conditions in hemodialyzed patients

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se asocia estrechamente con un estado pro-inflamatorio, aumento de lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos y disminución de HDL. La HDL contiene enzimas antioxidantes asociadas como la paraoxonasa (PON), cuya actividad en ERC se encuentra disminuida. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre la actividad de PON, apoA1, colesterol(col)-HDL y Proteína C reactiva-altamente sensible (PCR-as) como marcador de inflamación en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Se estudiaron n = 42 pacientes; edad, mediana (rango) = 50 (25-67) años; sexo M/F = 22/20; antigüedad de hemodiálisis = 4.4 ± 0.5 años; índice de masa corporal (IMC) = 23 ± 0.5 kg/m2. Se obtuvo una muestra de sangre después de 12 h de ayuno y se determinaron los parámetros clásicos del perfil lipídico, se midieron los valores de apoproteínas A1 y B, PON a través de su actividad arilesterasa y PCR-as, la cual permitió dividir a los pacientes con PCR-as ≤ 1 (bajo riesgo, rango: 0.1 a 1.0 mg/l) y > 1 mg/l (moderado y alto riesgo, 1.1 a 10.7 mg/l). Los niveles de triglicéridos, col-LDL y apoB no fueron diferentes entre los grupos. Los pacientes con PCR-as > 1 presentaron menor col-HDL (40 ± 2 mg/dl) y apoA1 (118 ± 4 mg/dl) que los pacientes con PCR-as ≤ 1 (50 ± 4 y 133 ± 5, respectivamente); p 1: 90.5 ± 24.0 μmol/ml.min que en PCR-as ≤ 1: 105.2 ± 18.0. Consecuentemente, se obtuvieron correlaciones inversas entre apoA1 y PCR-as, r = -0.381 p = 0.013 y entre PON y PCR-as, r = -0.32, p = 0.042. Además, el aumento de PCR-as correlacionó positivamente con el IMC, r = 0.318, p = 0.042. La disminución de col-HDL, apoA1 y PON en los individuos con mayor estado inflamatorio explicaría, en parte, el aumento de riesgo cardiovascular de estos pacientes, dado los efectos antiinflamatorios de la apoA1 y antioxidantes de la PON.Advanced Chronic Renal Disease (CKD) is closely associated with a proinflammatory condition, with an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decrease in HDL level. HDL contains antioxidant enzymes such as paraoxonase (PON), whose activity is diminished in CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between PON activity with HDL cholesterol, apo A1 and hs-CRP levels, which are known to be inflammatory markers in hemodialyzed patients. Forty-two patients were studied; age, median (range) = 50 (25-67) years old, gender M/F = 22/20, duration of hemodialysis = 4.4 ± 0.5 years, BMI: 23 ± 0.5 kg/m2 . After a 12 h fast, a blood sample was obtained and classic components of lipid profile were determined, as well as apoproteins A1 and B, PON by means of its arylsterase activity and hs-CRP levels. On the basis of the latter, patients were divided into two groups: hs-CRP ≤ 1 (low risk, range: 0.1 to 1.0 mg/l) and >1 mg/l (moderate and high risk, 1.1 to 10.7 mg/l). No difference was found in triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and apo B in the groups. Patients with hs-CRP > 1 showed lower HDL cholesterol (40 ± 2 mg/dl) and apo A1 (118 ± 4 mg/dl) than patients with hs-CRP ≤ 1 (50 ± 4 and 133 ± 5, respectively); p 1 = 90.5 ± 24.0 µmol/ml.min than in hs-CRP ≤ 1 = 105.2 ± 18.0. Consequently, inverse correlations were obtained between apo A1 and hs-CRP, r = -0.381, p = 0.013 and between PON and hs-CRP, r = -0.32, p = 0.042. Furthermore, increase in hs-CRP correlated positively with BMI r = 0.318, p = 0.042. Since apo A1 has an anti-inflammatory role and PON an antioxidant activity, the decrease in HDL and its components, cholesterol, apo A1 and PON, in subjects with higher chronic inflammatory condition might explain, in part, the increased cardiovascular risk in these patients.Fil: González, Ana Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Elbert, Alicia. (Centro de Enfermedades Renales e Hipertensión Arterial; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Rosso, Leonardo Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Berg, Gabriela Alicia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Wigdorovitz de Wikinski, Regina Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Schreier, Laura Ester. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentin

Socialização e percursos (e)migratórios em Portugal: uma análise a partir de retratos sociológicos

Este artigo pretende estudar a ligação entre socialização e emigração qualificada, partindo de uma amostra intencional de cidadãos portugueses que estavam ou estiveram em mobilidade ou emigrados em um país europeu nos últimos seis anos, com habilitações acadêmicas do ensino superior, ou que tivessem exercido uma atividade profissional correspondente a esse nível acadêmico. Nesse sentido, elaboramos vinte retratos sociológicos que permitem, à escala individual, analisar os processos de socialização que favorecem a fuga de cérebros, através da criação/mobilização de disposições sociais migratórias, conectadas ou não com processos de mobilidade social e/ou cultural. Concluiu-se que, ainda que se observem casos de heterogeneidade ou mesmo de ruptura disposicional, a maioria dos retratados constitui casos de coerência disposicional favorável à emigração. A emigração qualificada parece acontecer como consequência de um reforço entre disposições favoráveis às quais se soma a vontade em concretizar projetos pessoais profissionais que em Portugal não encontram terreno fértil.This article intends to study the link between socialization and highly qualify emigration, from a purposive sample of Portuguese citizens who were or had been emigrants in a European country, in the past six years. This sample is composed by highly qualified individuals or individuals who had an occupation corresponding to this qualification level. In this sense, the resulting twenty individual portraits allow the study of the socialization processes that facilitate the "brain drain". At an individual level, this research design enables the analysis of migratory social dispositions' creation and mobilization, which are related to social and/or cultural mobility processes. One concludes that there are some cases of disposicional heterogeneity and disposicional rupture, but most portraits represent cases of dispositional coherence in favour of emigration. Qualified emigration seems to be a result of dispositions mutual reinforcing towards emigration, in addition to the will to pursue personal and professional projects that do not find fertile ground in Portugal