La integración de la educación ambiental en la ESO : datos para la reflexión

We present in this paper the analysis and principal results of a research carried out among 438 teachers and 126 headmasters. The issues concern the situation of environmental education in Obligatory Secondary School. The purpose of the study was to identify teacher and headmaster's opinions, perceptions and feelings about the situation of environmental education in their centres

Lesiones traumáticas de la columna vertebral en niños

—Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de los casos de traumatismo raquídeo atendidos en urgencias de nuestro centro desde 1987 hasta 1995. Del total de 159.202 niños atendidos en dicho período, el 1,8% sufría algún tipo de patología traumática de la columna, de los cuales requirieron ingreso 45 casos. Se analizan la distribución por edad, los factores etiológicos y la localización de la lesión. En 4 casos existió afectación neurológica, 2 de ellos con paraplejía completa. Los traumatismos del raquis en el niño son lesiones poco frecuentes, siendo aún más rara la afectación neurológica. fin nuestra serie el grupo más afectado fueron varones de 8 a 13 años de edad. El tratamiento conservador generalmente da resultados satisfactorios, recurriendo a la cirugía sólo en casos de severa inestabilidad o compromiso neurológico.We report the results of a restrospective study of cases with spinal trauma in children treated in our institution from 1987 until 1995. From 159,202 children under fourteen, only in 1.8% spinal traumatism was present being necessary hospitalization in 45 cases. We analized age distribution, etiologic factors, and level of the lesion. In four patients a neurologic deficit was present, two of them had complete paraplegia. Pediatric spinal trauma is a rare lesion, and associated neurologic deficit is still less common. In our scries, the most affected group was boys, from 8 to 13. Usually conservative treatment provides satisfactory results. Surgery is required only when severe unstability or neurologic deficit are present

Real-Time Implementation of qZSC for MVDC to Microgrids Link

Nowadays, power systems require new solutions to integrate renewable energies. In this paper, microgrids linked to MVDC are proposed through quasi-impedance-source converters to improve system reliability. Several prototypes are implemented using real-time platforms to analyze the system behavior, but the real-time implementation of the shoot-through state of the qZSC requires a very low time-step and sample time, which is not easy to achieve. The results obtained with these prototypes are included. Finally, a satisfactory solution is presented, implementing the power system in Typhoon HIL-402, the qZSC control in dSPACE MicroLabBox, and generating the gate signals in the FPGA included in the MicroLabBox platform. © 2022, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ). All rights reserved

Greenhouse effect gases emission implications on sustainability of the Campus of Vegazana, University of León

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del estudio de emisiones de CO2, uno de los gases más importantes de efecto invernadero, debido a la actividad desarrollada en el Campus de Vegazana de la Universidad de León, para el año 2006. El estudio se enmarca en un proyecto más amplio de cálculo del indicador Huella Ecológica (HE), desarrollado para conocer en qué medida se alcanzan los objetivos de sostenibilidad establecidos para el Campus, así como para el desarrollo de propuestas encaminadas a la reducción de las emisiones de CO2. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan como el área de superficie biológicamente productiva necesaria para absorber las emisiones del Campus constituyen cerca del 99% del área total de HE. La mayor parte de estas emisiones proceden del gasto energético para electricidad (38%) y uso térmico (24%, seguido del transporte (19%) y la construcción del propio complejo universitario (16%, el cual hace referencia únicamente al año 2006, considerando una vida útil de 27 años para los edificios e instalaciones del Campus, inaugurado en 1979. Una vez analizadas cualitativa y cuantitativamente las emisiones producidas, se ha buscado conocer el total de superficie forestal necesaria para absorber dichas emisiones, considerando los datos del Tercer Inventario Forestal Nacional (2003) sobre cobertura de las masas forestales para el territorio nacional, y los aportados por Bravo (2007) en relación a las tasas de fijación del gas por parte de éstas. Como conclusión, puede estimarse que del total de la superficie forestal de la provincia de León, un 0.46% es necesaria como depósito y sumidero del CO2 emitido por el Campus de Vegazana (8.470.168 toneladas. Esta estimación se ha realizado considerando que las masas forestales son las únicas depositarias de CO2, tarea compartida en la naturaleza, no obstante, con el suelo, el agua y los cultivosIn this work, we present the results obtained about the CO2 emissions, one of the most important greenhouse gases, due to the normal activity developed in the Campus of Vegazana of the University of León for the year 2006. This study is all part of a wider project for evaluating the Fingerprint ecological indicator (HE, initially developed for assessing if the sustainability objectives established by the University policies for the Campus of Vegazana have been achieved, as well as the development of proposals and ideas directed towards the reduction of the emissions of CO2. Results obtained showed that the biologically productive area necessary for absorbing all emissions are close to the 99% of the total value of HE. The majority of these emissions come from the energy consumed for producing electricity (38%) and heating (24%), followed by the transport (19%) and the constructions of the buildings and infrastructures of the University (16%, which related just for the year 2006, considering a living period of 27 years as it was inaugurated in 1979. Once analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the emissions produced, it was developed a method for estimating the total area covered necessary for absorbing them by considering data available from the Third National Forestry Inventory of Spain (2003), related with the forest cover of the territory, and data provided by Bravo(2007, about the absorption rate of the tree species. As a conclusion, we estimated that form the total area covered by forests of the Province of León, a 0.46% is necessary as sink of the CO2 produced in the Campus of Vegazana (8.470.168 ton. This assessment has been achieved considering that forests are the only warehouse of CO2, when actually soil, water and crops are in nature.Peer Reviewe

Amorphous AlN films grown by ALD from trimethylaluminum and monomethylhydrazine

The great interest in aluminium nitride thin films has been attributed to their excellent dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties. Here we present the results of amorphous AlN films obtained by atomic layer deposition. We used trimethylaluminum and monomethylhydrazine as the precursors at a deposition temperature of 375-475 °C. The structural and mechanical properties and chemical composition of the synthesized films were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron and probe microscopy and nanoindentation. The obtained films were compact and continuous, exhibiting amorphous nature with homogeneous in-depth composition, at an oxygen content of as low as 4 at%. The mechanical properties were comparable to those of AlN films produced by other techniques

Gene Expression in Trypanosomatid Parasites

The parasites Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi are the trypanosomatid protozoa that cause the deadly human diseases leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease, respectively. These organisms possess unique mechanisms for gene expression such as constitutive polycistronic transcription of protein-coding genes and trans-splicing. Little is known about either the DNA sequences or the proteins that are involved in the initiation and termination of transcription in trypanosomatids. In silico analyses of the genome databases of these parasites led to the identification of a small number of proteins involved in gene expression. However, functional studies have revealed that trypanosomatids have more general transcription factors than originally estimated. Many posttranslational histone modifications, histone variants, and chromatin modifying enzymes have been identified in trypanosomatids, and recent genome-wide studies showed that epigenetic regulation might play a very important role in gene expression in this group of parasites. Here, we review and comment on the most recent findings related to transcription initiation and termination in trypanosomatid protozoa

Short-Cut Method to Assess a Gross Available Energy in a Medium-Load Screw Friction Press

The present study proposed a rapid method, based on a previous universal compression tests, to estimate the required load capacity to cold forge different specimen quantity in a screw press. Accordingly, experimental and theoretical approach are performed to check new adjustable drive motor of the modified forging machine to achieve a gross available energy to deform the specimens preventing damage of the forging machine. During the forging experiments, two screw friction presses (as-received and modified) are used to validate the theoretical approach. The modified press exhibits an increase of 51% of gross energy and 11% of maximum load capacity compare to the as-received press. This method is used to improve the effective of the forging process avoiding excessive loads that could promote machine failure. Therefore, a low-cost and easy to implement methodology is proposed to determine the energy and load capacity of a screw friction press to forge different specimen quantities with symmetry pattern configurations.This work is supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (reference project: FJCI-2016-29297), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial (INTI) of Argentina and the Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center (CFAA) of Bilbao

Caracterización Proteómica del trombo coronario en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST

Comunicaciones a congreso

Association rule mining for customer segmentation in the SMEs sector using the apriori algorithm

Customer´s segmentation is used as a marketing differentiation tool which allows organizations to understand their customers and build differentiated strategies. This research focuses on a database from the SMEs sector in Colombia, the CRISP-DM methodology was applied for the Data Mining process. The analysis was made based on the PFM model (Presence, Frequency, Monetary Value), and the following grouping algorithms were applied on this model: k -means, k-medoids, and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). For validating the result of the grouping algorithms and selecting the one that provides the best quality groups, the cascade evaluation technique has been used applying a classification algorithm. Finally, the Apriori algorithm was used to find associations between products for each group of customers, so determining association according to loyalty