Czesko-polskie stosunki językowe w zakresie słownictwa kultury duchowej (przeszłość i stan obecny)

This paper discusses the role of the Czech language in forming Polish vocabulary. The question is presented on the basis of one of the thematic groups of vocabulary, beliefs and religion, classified as Bohemianisms, including such words as Old Polish anioł, diabeł, and tatrman, as well as the Polish dialectal antyjasz, b’inek, cwerg, czechman, dias, fajermon, Fontana, hastrman, jaroszek, korfanty, kuźlak, mužík, Pustecki, raraszek, sotona, szatan, waserman, wiestnica and zazrak. The classification of Czech borrowings in Polish includes three groups. The main groups are: borrowings from Old Czech, borrowings from literary Czech from the 14th to the beginning of the 16th centuries, and borrowings from common Czech dialects (especially from a transitional group of dialects). The first and second group contains many international words (borrowings from Greek, Latin and German), while the third appear chiefly in the Polish dialects of Silesia and the Małopolska province. The author notes that the early Old Czech brought Latin borrowings from Christian terminology and demonological nomenclature. The 14th and 15th and also 20th centuries brought words related to witchcraft and traditional demonology, such as the names of wizards and witches, the devil, ghosts, etc. The author ascertains that, first of all, such loan names concern beings of the lowest demonic ranks and, in general euphemistic determination, present “evil ghosts.” Linguistic geographical analysis indicates that Czech loans of demoniac names occur mainly in the south-west and repeatedly exhibit a strictly regional (sometimes individual) character. The Czech language has also fulfilled an intermediary role in adapting borrowings from other languages (German, Greek and Latin); it has thus had a significant effect on modern disparity and Polish mythological vocabulary. This article aims at the ethnic and chronological classification of fragments of Slavic mythological vocabulary, and analyzes the problem of language influence between Czech and Polish.Dynamiczne przemiany w zakresie leksyki kulturowej zachodziły zarówno w dialektach w obrębie prasłowiańszczyzny, jak i starszych kontaktów wewnątrzsłowiańskich już na gruncie poszczególnych języków narodowych. Przykładem drugiego typu są niejednokrotnie złożone drogi wędrówki nazw mitologicznych, jakich obraz wyłania się z badań wewnątrzsłowiańskich zapożyczeń. Tematem artykułu jest rola języka czeskiego w kształtowaniu się polskiego słownictwa religijnego i demonologicznego. Autor omawia to zagadnienie na podstawie analizy leksyki z grupy tematycznej ‘wierzenia i religia’, zaklasyfikowanej jako bohemizmy, w tym: staropolskich – anjoł, diabeł; oraz polskich dialektalnych: antyjasz, cwerg, czechman, dias, fajermon, jaroszek, korfanty, raraszek, sotona, waserman i zazrak. Zapożyczenia te dotyczą przede wszystkim nazw istot demonicznych niższego rzędu i stanowią na ogół eufemistyczne określenia ‘złego ducha’. Ich analiza pod kątem geografii lingwistycznej wskazuje na głównie południowo-zachodni zasięg występowania zapożyczeń z czeskiego w obrębie nazw demonicznych (powiaty katowicki, opolski, nowosądecki) oraz ich niejednokrotnie ściśle regionalny (czasami nawet jednostkowy) charakter. Język czeski pełnił tu rolę języka-pośrednika w adaptowaniu zapożyczeń z innych języków (w tym z niemieckiego, greki i łaciny), przez co znacząco wpływał na współczesne zróżnicowanie polskiej ludowej leksyki mitologicznej. Tematyka referatu wiąże się z etniczną klasyfikacją słowiańskiego słownictwa mitologicznego oraz z problematyką wzajemnych wpływów słowiańsko-słowiańskich w obrębie tej samej grupy językowej. Lingvistiniai čekų ir lenkų kalbų santykiai dvasinės kultūros (praeities ir dabarties) žodyne Straipsnyje aptariamas čekų kalbos vaidmuo lenkų kalbos žodyne. Autorius šį klausimą analizuoja per „įsitikinimų ir religijos“ teminę žodyno grupę, įvardijamą kaip bohemizmai. Taip pat nagrinėjami senosios lenkų kalbos žodžiai anioł, diabeł, tatrman, lenkų dialektizmai antyjasz, b’inek, cwerg, czechman, dias, fajermon, Fontana, hastrman, jaroszek, korfanty, kuźlak, mužík, Pustecki, raraszek, sotona, szatan, waserman, wiestnica, zazrak. Lenkų kalbos skoliniai čekų kalboje klasifikuojami į tris grupes. Tai skoliniai iš: senosios čekų kalbos, literatūrinės kalbos nuo XIV iki XVI a. pr., iš bendrų Čekijos dialektų (ypač iš tarpinių dialektų grupės). Pirmoje ir antroje grupėje yra daug tarptautinių žodžių (skolinių iš graikų, lotynų ir vokiečių), trečioji gausiausia Lenkijos Silezijos ir Małopolskos provincijų tarmėse.Autorius pažymi, kad ankstyvoji senoji čekų kalba iš lotynų kalbos perėmė krikščioniškosios terminijos ir demonologijos terminologijos skolinius; XIV ir XV, taip pat XX amžių žodžiai susiję su raganavimu ir tradicine demonologija (burtininkų ir raganų, velnių, vaiduoklių vardai ir pan.). Nustatyta, kad, visų pirma, tai susiję su žemiausiojo sluoksnio demoniškų būtybių skolinių vardais ir bendrais šiuolaikiniais eufemistiniais „blogio šmėklų“ apibūdinimais.Analizė parodė, kad atsižvelgus į lingvistinę geografiją, pietvakarių srityje daugiausia demoninių skolinių pavadinimų atsirado iš čekų kalbos, jie pasižymi regioniniu (kartais individualiu) pobūdžiu. Čekų kalba atliko kalbos-tarpininkės vaidmenį pritaikant lenkų kalboje skolinius iš kitų kalbų (vokiečių, graikų ir lotynų). Tai nulėmė šiuolaikinius lenkų kalbos mitologinio žodyno bruožus ir išteklius. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikti etninę ir chronologinę slavų mitologinio žodyno fragmento klasifikaciją ir išanalizuoti čekų ir lenkų kalbų santykio problematiką.REIKŠMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: onomastika, skoliniai, religinis žodynas, lenkų kalba

Fiscal Policy in Poland under Transition

Based on statistics provided by the Ministry of Finance and Central Statistical Office, the paper provides an analyses of the economic transition experienced by Poland paying particular attention to the fiscal policy.Poland, Economic Transition, Fiscal Policy

Adoção conjunta por homossexuais à luz da dignidade humana e do melhor interesse da criança

Orientador: Ana Carla Harmatiuk MatosMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Curso de Graduação em DireitoResumo: Com o presente trabalho objetiva-se demonstrar como a adoção conjunta por parceiros homossexuais pode ser defendida à luz dos princípios e direitos constitucionais, como a liberdade, a igualdade, a pluralidade das entidades familiares e, sobretudo, a dignidade da pessoa humana, pautando-se sempre no melhor interesse da criança ou adolescente. Após a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal que reconheceu a união homoafetiva como família, merecedora de proteção e tutela do Estado, entende-se que existem elementos suficientes para a defesa da adoção por homossexuais, a qual, em se tratando de postulante solteiro, mais facilmente tem sido deferida. Entretanto, o cerne desse estudo é a adoção conjunta pelo par, que deve ter a possibilidade de concorrer em igualdade de condições com casais heterossexuais à habilitação e à adoção de crianças e adolescentes. Uma vez que a união homoafetiva foi equiparada às uniões estáveis heterossexuais em efeitos e consequências, considerando que o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente prevê a possibilidade de companheiros de união estável adotarem, não se verifica a existência de óbices a priori ao deferimento da adoção pelo par homossexual, desde que atendidos os requisitos jurídicos e após a realização de estudos interdisciplinares que atestem que a concessão da medida atenderá aos melhores interesses dos infantes. Em suma, o escopo dessa sintética pesquisa é a adoção por homossexuais conjuntamente, por constituírem e viverem como entidade familiar, em atendimento não só aos direitos desse grupo de pessoas, de não serem discriminados por sua orientação sexual e de poderem manifestar sua personalidade como desejarem, mas também para conferir mais possibilidades a crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados de serem acolhidos por uma família, independentemente da configuração desta, em virtude da valorização do afeto nas relações familiare

Optimized Approach for Determination of the Solid Temperature in a Steam Turbine in Warm-Keeping-Operation

International audienceThe determination of the temperature distribution in the thick-walled components in steam turbines is increasing in relevance. Due to the growing share of volatile renewable power generation, power plants with a high flexibility and a high integral efficiency are required. e current operational conditions lead to high thermal stresses inside the heavy components and thus to a reduced lifetime. To improve the ability for a fast start-up, the steam turbine can be kept warm during a longer period of stand still. Therefore, information about the metal temperature inside the rotor and the casing are crucial. However, the temperature distribution of the inner casing and especially the rotor cannot be measured without high additional effort. us, a calculation model with sufficient accuracy and also manageable calculation effort is required. In the present work, a hybrid-numerical FEM and analytical-approach has been developed to calculate the solid body temperatures of a steam turbine in warm-keeping operation in a most efficient way. The presented model provides accuracy of nearly % compared with Conjugate-Heat-Transfer simulations with a simultaneously reduced calculation effort by a factor of more than

Ativação in situ de pró-fluoróforos mediada por nanopartículas de paládio suportadas em grafeno sob condições biológicas

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Química.O paládio é um dos metais de transição mais utilizados em reações bio-ortogonais dissociativas, na ativação de pró-fármacos e pro-fluoróforos, principalmente devido a sua alta atividade catalítica e quimiosseletividade. No entanto, em grandes concentrações pode apresentar citotoxicidade, sendo uma das alternativas para contornar este problema o seu uso na forma de nanopartículas. O Laboratório de Catálise Biomimética (LaCBio) já demonstrou que nanopartículas de Pd(II), estabilizadas com o polímero PVP, geram rendimentos satisfatórios na desproteção in vivo de pró-fármacos propargílicos. No entanto, o tratamento de tumores poderia ser facilitado se as mesmas estivessem suportadas num material sólido, como o grafeno, através da implantação cirúrgica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do suporte de nanopartículas de paládio (estado de oxidação 0 e +2) em grafeno, na reação de despropargilação de pró-fluoróforos baseados na O-cumarina, em condições biológicas. A utilização do grafeno como um suporte gerou conversões similares para as nanopartículas de Pd(II) estabilizadas com PVP, obtendo-se 25% de conversão de O-cumarina com 1 equiv de catalisador. No entanto, as nanopartículas de Pd(II) estabilizadas com o polímero P-2VP atingiram conversões 1,4 vezes maiores do que as nanopartículas sem suporte, demonstrando um efeito sinérgico do grafeno em conjunto com a desproteção de pró-fluoróforos aromáticos. O catalisador Pd(II)-P2VP@grafeno apresentou um TOF50 1,5 vezes maior do que as nanopartículas não suportadas no grafeno.Palladium is one of the most used transition metals in dissociative bio-orthogonal reactions, in the activation of pro-drugs and pro-fluorophores, mainly due to its high catalytic activity and chemoselectivity. However, in high concentrations it can present an important cytotoxicity, which can be minimized with the use of nanoparticles. The Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio) has already demonstrated that Pd(II) nanoparticles, stabilized with the PVP polymer, generate satisfactory yields in the in vivo deprotection of propargylic prodrugs, with low cytotoxicity. However, the treatment of tumors could be facilitated if the nanoparticles were supported on solid materials, such as graphene, through surgical implantation. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supporting palladium nanoparticles (oxidation state 0 and +2) on graphene, on the depropargylation reaction of pro-fluorophores based on O-coumarin, under biological conditions. The use of graphene as a support generated similar conversions for Pd(II) nanoparticles stabilized with PVP, obtaining 25% conversion of O-coumarin with 1 equiv of catalyst. However, Pd(II) nanoparticles stabilized with P-2VP polymer achieved conversions 1.4 times higher than unsupported nanoparticles, demonstrating a synergistic effect of graphene in the deprotection reaction of aromatic profluorophores. The Pd(II)-P-2VP@graphene catalyst presented a TOF50 1.5 times higher than the nanoparticles not supported on graphene

Hemoglobin during and following a 4-week commercial saturation dive to 200 meters

publishedVersio

Remote Teaching of Publication-Quality, Single-Case Graphs in Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel is ubiquitous, cost-effective, and can be used to create publication-quality single-case design graphs. We systematically replicated the GraphPad Prism video tutorial by Mitteer et al. (2018) to teach 24 master\u27s students to create multiple-baseline graphs using Excel 2016. Students\u27 mean accuracy on the multiple-baseline graph was 25% in pretraining, 86% with the video tutorial, and 96% with the review checklist. Next, students used the same video tutorial to create multielement and reversal graphs. Students\u27 mean accuracy on the multielement graph was 93% with video tutorial and 94% with review checklist, and accuracy on the reversal graph was 82% with video tutorial and 94% with review checklist. Students reported moderate to high satisfaction with both training components. The results support scientist-practitioners using the video tutorial and review checklists to create three common graphs using Excel 2016, Excel 2019, and Excel Office 365

Doing memory work with older men: the practicalities, the process, the potential

This article describes the process of setting up and participating in a collective memory work group of older men, with a focus on the making and unmaking of older men and masculinities through age, ageing, gender, gendering, and other intersections. Memory work is located in relation to related but different forms of writing and group work, emphasizing how in this method everyone becomes a writer, an author, a listener, a reader, a discussant, and a commentator. The potential of memory work, both for working with older men, and more generally is outlined. Key issues are: genuine and collective commitment to substantive change, not just at a personal level, but also at wider social/political/cultural levels; willingness to trust in the other members of the group, an issue that may be difficult for some men; and commitment for caring for one another especially in their moments of greatest vulnerability

Test Rig for Applied Experimental Investigations of the Thermal Contact Resistance at the Blade-Rotor-Connection in a Steam Turbine

International audienceStudies have shown that in a pre-warming respectively warm-keeping operation of a steam turbine, the blades and vanes transport most of the heat to the thick-walled casing and rotor. Thereby, a bottle-neck arises at the connection between the blade root and the rotor. The contact heat resistance at these interfaces affects the temperature distribution and thus the thermal stresses in the rotor. The present paper introduces a thermal contact resistance test rig, which is designed to quantify the contact heat transfer at the blade-rotor-connection of a steam turbine. An uncertainty analysis is presented which proves that the average measurement uncertainties are less than one percent. In addition to the test rig, a numerical model of the specimen for the determination of the thermal contact resistance is developed and introduced. Results of several steady-state measurements under atmospheric and evacuated atmosphere using a highly temperature-resistant chromium molybdenum steel are shown. As a main influence parameter the contact pressure is investigated, which is affected by the rotational speed of the turbine. The investigations show a significant contact heat resistance especially at small contact pressures

Preliminary evaluation of mutagenic activity of two amino derivatives of cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene

The mutagenicity of two, newly synthesized amino-derivatives of cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene (CP[c]Ph) was investigated in the Ames test using TA98 and TA100 histidine dependent Salmonella typhimurium strains. Neither of the examined compounds showed mutagenic activity without metabolic activation. The incorporation of an activation system caused high mutagenicity of CP[c]Ph derivatives in both S. typhimurium strains. The results are compared with the previous data on the mutagenic activity of unsubstituted CP[c]Ph and possible mechanisms of activation are discussed