A prática pedagógica da díade professora-monitora na perspectiva da qualidade : um estudo em creche

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2012.Esta pesquisa analisa, na perspectiva da qualidade da Educação Infantil, a prática pedagógica da díade professora-monitora junto a crianças de dois anos de idade em uma creche pública do município de Barreiras, Bahia. O desdobramento dessa questão deu-se por meio dos seguintes objetivos específicos: analisar as interações sociais da díade professora-monitora e entre ela e as crianças nas ações de cuidados e educação; identificar o sentido de mediação pedagógica na prática pedagógica da díade professora-monitora. Essa análise foi pautada em uma abordagem histórico-cultural, a partir dos estudos de Vigotski (1991, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2009), Andrada (2006), Kramer (2005), Sousa (1998, 2003, 2006, 2010), Rego (2003), Cerisara (1996, 2002), dentre outros. A partir de uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa realizamos, por um período de dois meses, em turno integral, observações da prática pedagógica em uma turma de maternal I, bem como, entrevistas com duas professoras e duas monitoras dessa turma. Os dados foram organizados por episódios temáticos e tratados na perspectiva da análise de conteúdo. A partir do tratamento dessa questão, reconhecemos que as interações sociais na prática pedagógica da díade professora-monitora com as crianças possibilitam um trabalho com a mediação pedagógica e, portanto, se constituem como um indicador de qualidade na Educação Infantil. Entretanto, os resultados desse estudo apontam para necessidade de revisão da prática pedagógica da díade professora-monitora constituída na Educação Infantil. A análise dos dados nos permite concluir que a constituição dessa díade não se faz mediante a interação das ações desempenhadas por essas profissionais. Evidenciamos um distanciamento das funções de professora e de monitora que se configura em uma separação dos serviços de cuidados e educação na creche. Além disso, verificamos que nos processos de mediação pedagógica essas profissionais se colocam como transmissoras ativas de conteúdos escolares que pouco tem haver com as necessidades educativas das crianças e por assim proceder, as crianças tornam-se passivas nos processos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento que lhes são propostos. Diante dessa realidade sinalizamos que a presença de duas categorias com formações e profissionalização distintas, atuando no trabalho pedagógico da creche tem comprometido, sobremaneira, a qualidade dos serviços oferecidos pela díade professora-monitora na turma investigada. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis research analyzes, in terms of quality early childhood education, the pedagogical practice of the dyad teacher-monitors with children two years old in a public kindergarten the Barreiras, Bahia. The unfolding of this question was given by the following specific objectives: to analyze the social interactions of the dyad-teacher monitors and between her and the children in care and education actions, identify the meaning of pedagogical mediation pedagogical practice in teacher dyad-monitors;. This analysis was based on a historical-cultural approach, based on studies of Vigotski (1991, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2009), Andrada (2006), Kramer (2005), Sousa (1998, 2003, 2006, 2010), Rego (2003), Cerisara (1996, 2002). From a qualitative research approach conducted for a period of two months, fulltime, observations of teaching practice in a nursery class I as well as interviews with two teachers and two monitors in this class. The data were organized by theme and episodes treated in the context of content analysis. From the treatment of this issue, we recognize that social interactions in pedagogical practice of the dyad-teacher monitors the children with a possible job with the mediation and, therefore, constitute themselves as an indicator of quality in early childhood education. However, the results of this study emphasize the need for revision of teacher pedagogical practice of the dyad-monitors made in kindergarten. The data analysis allows us to conclude that the constitution of this dyad is not done through the interaction of the actions performed by these professionals. We show a departure from the roles of teacher and monitors that are configured in a separation of residential care and education in kindergarten. Furthermore, we found that the pedagogical mediation processes these professionals see themselves as active transmitting educational content that has little to do with the educational needs of children and by so doing, children become passive in the process of learning and development they are proposed. Given this reality signaled that the presence of two categories with different professional backgrounds and acting in the pedagogical work of the nursery is committed, above all, the quality of services offered by the dyadic Teacher-monitor in the group investigated

Competência leitora dos jovens: um desafio para formadores de leitores

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compartilhar experiências sobre os desafios dos professores da Educação Básica, no processo de formação de leitores. Resulta de uma pesquisa (de Mestrado), qualitativa, centrada na verificação dos níveis de competência leitora de alunos de um 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do interior do Estado Paulista. Para obtenção dos dados, foram utilizados questionários elaborados pelas pesquisadoras para interpretação dos textos de uma Antologia, em sala de aula. Pressupostos teóricos histórico-culturais nortearam o estudo, confirmando-se que o ensino da leitura continua a desafiar os educadores formadores de leitores na Educação Básica e também os docentes do Ensino Superior, atores relevantes na construção do repertório cultural desses profissionais da Educação.

O uso de estímulos visuais no reconhecimento de plantas de zonas antropogênicas: uma avaliação do método checklist-entrevista

Visual stimuli are being used more and more in ethnobotanical research to elicit information about the use ofplants. However, the effectiveness and reliability of the information obtained through these methods are very rarelydiscussed in the literature. In this work, the combined use of exsiccates and photographs to collect information about theuses and vernacular names of plants from anthropogenic areas in a semi-arid area in the Northeast of Brazil was analyzed.In general, this study verified that 91% of the plants were recognized by at least one of the interviewees. However, themajority of those interviewed recognized only a small group of plants. Moreover, the recognition of a plant was notrelated to its local abundance.Os estímulos visuais são cada vez mais usados na investigação etnobotânica para se obter dadossobre o uso de plantas. Entretanto, a eficácia e a confiabilidade dos dados obtidos com estes métodos raramente sãodiscutidas na literatura. Neste trabalho, analisou-se o uso combinado de exsicatas e fotografias para se compilar informaçõessobre os usos e os vernáculos das plantas de áreas antropogênicas em uma região do Semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil. Nogeral, este estudo verificou que 91% das plantas foram reconhecidas por pelo menos um dos informantes. Todavia, amaioria dos entrevistados reconheceu somente um grupo pequeno de plantas. Além disso, verificamos que o reconhecimentode uma planta não está relacionado à sua abundância local

Potential acidity by pH SMP method in Amazonas State, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir um modelo matemático que estime o H+Al a partir do pH SMP medido em água e em solução de CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 nas condições edafoclimáticas locais. Foram utilizadas 246 amostras de solo provenientes de diversas localidades. Mesmo apresentando menor coeficiente da correlação (r = 0,89*), a equação H+Al = 30,646 - 3,848pH SMP obtida em H2O foi mais eficiente que a obtida em solução CaCl2 (H+Al = 30,155 - 3,834pH SMP, r = 0,91*), a qual subestima os valores da acidez potencial.The objective of this work was to determine a mathematic model that estimates the potential acidity with pH SMP measured in water and in solution of CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1. Two hundred and forty six soil samples from several localities were utilized. Despite presenting a lower correlation coefficient (r = 0.89*), the equation H+Al = 30.646 - 3.848pH SMP, obtained in H2O, was more efficient than in the CaCl2 solution (H+Al = 30.155 -3.834pH SMP, r = 0.91*), since this last one underestimates the values of the potential acidity

Efeito dos extratos de cascas dos frutos de duas espécies de Campomanesia (Myrtaceae) em Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae)

Species from the genus Campomanesia have been studied due to their biological activity and low toxicity. However, studies on the fruit peel of these species are scarce. In this context, the effects of ethanol extract from the fruit peel of Campomanesia sessiliflora (O. Berg) Mattos (CS) and Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess) O. Berg (CG) were evaluated concerning the effect on germination and meristem cells of roots of Allium cepa. The CG ethanolic extract showed flavonoid compounds higher than CS ethanolic extract. The CS extract showed no antioxidant activity. CS showed greater antiproliferative activity with reduced root size in A. cepa seeds. The two extracts did not induce mutagenicity and cell death at the studied concentration of 1 mg mL-1. Keywords: Germination, Allelopathy, Ethanolic extract.As espécies do gênero Campomanesia têm sido estudadas devido às suas atividades biológicas e baixa toxicidade. No entanto, existem poucos estudos com as casca dos frutos dessas espécies vegetais. Nesse contexto, foram avaliados os efeitos dos extratos etanólicos das cascas dos frutos de Campomanesia sessiliflora (O. Berg) Mattos (CS) e Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess) O. Berg (CG) em relação ao efeito na germinação e células do meristema das raízes de Allium cepa. O extrato etanólico de CG apresentou níveis de flavonóides maiores que o extrato etanólico de CS. O extrato de CS apresentou maior atividade antiproliferativa, com redução do tamanho da raiz nas sementes de A. cepa. Os dois extratos não induziram mutagenicidade e morte celular na concentração estudada de 1 mg mL-1

Topical Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Pharmacodermia in a Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugs that cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs. Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts through oxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue and angiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermia is are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil. Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco - PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesia recovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg,  P.O. BID for 10 days), tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use of Elizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owner's dog reported by a telephone call the appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic for stitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds, one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound was identified in the thoracic region and presence of pain during palpation. The wounds presented purulent secretion, pink coloration, and presence of necrosis. No changes were observed in the physiological parameters during the physical examination. The owner reported normophagia, ingestion of water, normal defecation and urine. The wound region was clipped, and prescribed topical chlorhexidine digluconate (2%), allantoin with zinc oxide ointment every 8 hours, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days), and dipyrone (20 mg/kg P.O. BID for five days). Five days after the beginning of the second treatment the owner reported no improvement and the increased of the lesion, although the dog presented normophagia, ingestion of water, normal defecation, and urine. Thus, according to a therapeutic history of the use of cephalexin and amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium, both belongings to the β-lactamic antibiotic, the clinical diagnosis of pharmacodermia was determined. Wound cleaning and debridement were performed It has been recommended to suspend the previous treatment, and prescribed the use of ozonized sunflower oil (4 drops in each wound, BID) until the complete healing, associated to cleaning with ozonized (47 μg/mL) saline solution (0.9%). The sunflower oil contained linoleic acid (48-74%) and oleic acid (14-39%), and it was purchased directly from the supplier. Discussion: Thirty days after the treatment with ozonized sunflower oil, there was complete remission of the wounds Five months after the treatment the dog returned to clinical examination. No remnants of the wounds were observed and there were no changes in the physiological parameters or in the laboratory exams. According to the present report case, the use of ozone therapy using the ozonized sunflower oil and saline solution (0.9%) is effective to treat wounds related to pharmacodermia

Stereological and Morphometric Study of Type 3 Collagen Formation in the Cutaneous Wounds of Diabetic Mice Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Introduction: Wound healing is a progressive, essential and complex physiological process that occurs as a restorative response after a tissue injury. It involves three phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Exogenous, endogenous and pathological factors may interfere in the cicatricial process in humans and animals by altering the balance between the synthesis, degradation and remodelling of collagen and elastic fibres. Diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disease that alters elastogenesis and collagenesis and induces delays in the healing process. Scientific evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells modulate the cicatricial response. Thus the objective of this work was to perform stereological and morphometric analysis to determine the formation of dermal fibres in cutaneous fragments of a murine model of diabetes mellitus.Materials, Methods & Results: Histological sections were obtained from the cutaneous wounds of diabetic mice. The cutaneous wounds were previously treated with autogenous mesenchymal stem cells, physiological solution or polyurethane membrane. The histological sections were subsequently processed and stained for type 1 and 3 collagen fibres and elastic fibres using Picrosirius Red and Weigert staining, respectively. Histological sections stained with Picrosirius Red presented three types of birefringence under polarised light microscopy that corresponded to red colours for type 1 collagen and green and yellow colours for type 3 collagen. Weigert staining presented three colours for histological structures under white light microscopy that corresponded to black colours for elastic fibres, variations in colour from pink to purple for other structures and dermal attachments. The elastic fibres, represented by a black colour, presented in a heterogeneous form and were either identified as thin, punctiform or rectangular fibres or as elastic agglomerates. A greater volume of elastic fibres was observed in the superficial dermis than in the deep dermis, arranged irregularly. These fibres were organised longitudinally to the dermo-epidermal junction and surrounding the blood vessels and hair follicles. The images obtained were evaluated using the Cavalieri principle of stereology to obtain quantitative data in three-dimensions (3D), represented by the volume of the dermal fibres, and by the colour segmentation method. The K-means clustering plug-in in Image J® was used to quantify the area of the dermal fibres in the cutaneous wounds after the proposed dermatological treatments. A total of 90 images were obtained and analysed. No statistically significant differences (P > 0.01) were observed in the volume or area of type 1 collagen fibres between the treatment groups. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were only identified for the volumes and areas of type 3 collagen, with treated animals also presenting lower mean values for the volume and area of elastic fibres compared to the control group.Discussion: The preponderance of type 3 immature collagen in the cutaneous wounds of animals treated with stem cells indicates active collagenase and greater fibroblastic activity, which is probably induced by stem cells. Diametrically, the identification of lower levels of elastic fibres in the cutaneous fragments treated with stem cells suggests that cell therapy does not contribute satisfactorily to elastogenesis. Previous reports suggested that mesenchymal stem cells may decrease elastin synthesis, and such a situation may have occurred in this study. The autologous mesenchymal stem cells increased the formation of collagen fibres in diabetic mice at the detriment of the formation of elastic fibres, thus suggesting active early collagen in the first 2 weeks of the cicatricial process

Soro-convers&#227;o e avalia&#231;&#227;o das altera&#231;&#245;es renais em c&#227;es infectados por Leishmania (Infantum) chagasi

This study investigated the sero-conversion period in which dogs from endemic areas test positive for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as well as the early post-infection period in which renal alterations are observed. Dogs that were initially negative for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) were clinically evaluated every three months by serological, parasitological and biochemical tests until sero-conversion was confirmed, and six months later a subsequent evaluation was performed. Samples of kidney tissues were processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome stain and lesions were classified based on the WHO criteria. Of the 40 dogs that initially tested negative for VL, 25 (62.5%) exhibited positive serological tests during the study period. Of these 25 dogs, 15 (60%) tested positive within three months, five (20%) tested positive within six months and five (20%) tested positive within nine months. The dogs exhibited antibody titers between 1:40 and 1:80 and 72% of the dogs exhibited clinical symptoms. The Leishmania antigen was present in the kidneys of recently infected dogs. We found higher levels of total protein and globulin as well as lower levels of albumin in the infected dogs when compared to the control dogs. Additionally, infected dogs presented levels of urea and creatinine that were higher than those of the uninfected dogs. Glomerulonephritis was detected in some of the dogs examined in this study. These data suggest that in Teresina, the sero-conversion for VL occurs quickly and showed that the infected dogs presented abnormal serum proteins, as well as structural and functional alterations in the kidneys during the early post-infection period.Este estudo investigou o período em que o cão torna-se positivo para leishmaniose visceral (VL) em área endêmica e as alterações renais no período recente pós-infecção. Cães negativos para VL foram avaliados clinicamente a cada três meses por testes sorológicos, parasitológicos e bioquímicos até a soro-conversão e seis meses após. Foram colhidos tecido renal de seis cães, submetidos a processamento de rotina e corados com HE, PAS e Masson e as lesões foram classificadas com base nos critérios da OMS. Dos 40 cães nagativos para VL, 25 (62,5%) apresentaram sorologia positiva durante o estudo. Desses, 15 (60%) tornaram-se positiva nos primeiros três meses, cinco (20%) tornaram-se positivas dentro de seis meses e cinco (20%) tornaram-se positivas dentro de nove meses. Os cães apresentavam títulos de anticorpos entre 1:40 e 1:80, e 72% mostraram sinais clínicos. Antígeno de Leishmania estava presente no rim. Foram encontrados níveis mais elevados de proteína total e globulina, e menores níveis de albumina em cães infectados quando comparados aos controles. Além disso, os cães infectados apresentaram níveis de uréia e creatinina maior do que os cães controles. Glomerulonefrite foi observada em cinco cães. Os resultados sugerem que em Teresina a soro-conversão para VL ocorre rapidamente e os cães apresentam proteínas séricas anormais e alterações na estrutura e função dos rins em um período recente pós-infecção

Módulo VII: Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS)

Ministério da Saúd

QUALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL: MAPPING CLINICAL SIGNS OF BRAIN DEATH

Objetivo: identificar características dos óbitos e sinais clínicos de morte encefálica dos pacientes com lesão neurológica internados em unidades de pacientes críticos, a partir de ferramenta para apoio na busca ativa.Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado de janeiro a agosto de 2017 nas unidades críticas de dois hospitais do sul brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários de pacientes que evoluíram a óbito utilizando-se instrumento da Organização Nacional de Transplantes da Espanha, analisados pela estatística descritiva.Resultados: os sinais clínicos de morte encefálica identificados antes do óbito foram Glasgow três; reflexos de tosse ausente; hipertensão intracraniana presente, pupilas midriáticas e poliúria. Destacase que 14,8% apresentaram todos os critérios para iniciar o diagnóstico de morte encefálica, mas não foram notificados à Central Estadual de Transplante.Conclusão: os profissionais atuantes nessas unidades devem ter conhecimentos dos sinais clínicos de morte encefálica para que ocorra identificação precoce desses pacientes, consequentemente, aumentando as notificações.Objetivo: identificar las características de las muertes y los signos clínicos de muerte cerebral de los pacientes con lesión neurológica ingresados en unidades de pacientes críticos, a partir de una herramienta de apoyo a la búsqueda activa. Método: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado de enero a agosto de 2017 en las unidades críticas de dos hospitales del sur de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron en los prontuarios de pacientes que evolucionaron al óbito utilizando el instrumento de la Organización Nacional de Trasplantes de España, analizados por la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: os sinais clínicos de morte encefálica identificados antes do óbito foram Glasgow três; reflexos de tosse ausente; hipertensão intracraniana presente, pupilas midriáticas e poliúria. Destaca-se que 14,8% apresentaram todos os critérios para iniciar o diagnóstico de morte encefálica, mas não foram notificados à Central Estadual de Transplante. Resultados: los síntomas clínicos de muerte encefálica identificados antes del óbito fueron Glasgow tres; reflejos de tos ausentes; hipertensión intracraneal presente, pupilas midriáticas y poliuria. Cabe destacar que el 14,8% presentaba todos los criterios para iniciar el diagnóstico de muerte cerebral, pero no fueron notificados al Centro Estatal de Trasplantes. Conclusión: los profesionales que trabajan en estas unidades deben tener conocimiento de los signos clínicos de la muerte cerebral para la identificación temprana de estos pacientes, aumentando así las notificaciones.Objective: to identify characteristics of deaths and clinical signs of brain death in patients with neurological lesions admitted to critical care units, using a tool to support the active search. Method: a descriptive, retrospective study conducted from January to August 2017 in the critical units of two hospitals in southern Brazil. Data were collected from the medical records of patients who died using the instrument of the National Transplant Organization of Spain and analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results: the clinical signs of brain death identified before death were Glasgow three; cough reflexes absent; intracranial hypertension present, mydriatic pupils and polyuria. It is noteworthy that 14.8% presented all the criteria to start the diagnosis of brain death but were not notified to the State Transplant Center.Conclusion: the professionals working in these units must have knowledge of the clinical signs of brain death for an early identification of these patients, consequently increasing the notifications