Estimation of endogenous contribution and urinary excretion of purine derivatives from the total digestible nutrient intake in Nellore heifers

The objectives of this experiment were to estimate the endogenous excretion of purine derivatives (PD), the intake and digestibility of nutrients, the urinary excretion of PD from the intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible organic matter (DOM) in Nellore heifers. Eight heifers, 267±17 kg body weight (BW), were assigned to two 4 × 4 latin squares. The planned treatments were four dry matter intake (DMI) levels: 10, 14, 18 and 22 g/kg BW. The diet contained 70% corn silage and 30% concentrate. The endogenous losses were obtained by regression between excretion of PD (mmol/BW0.75) and DMI (g/BW0.75). When PD excretion (mmol/d) was related to the intake of DOM and TDN (kg/d), the following equations were obtained: ŶPD= 32.98 + 21.94*DOM and ŶPD= 32.47 + 20.40*TDN, respectively. The excretion of PD (mmol/d) was a function of DMI (kg/d): ŶPD = 0.605 + 0.014 x (r2 = 0.46), and 0.60 mmol/BW0.75 was the endogenous fraction of PD. The endogenous losses of PD and nitrogen compounds obtained when the animals were fasted for 5 d, with free access to water, were 0.332 mmol/BW0.75 and 0.384 gN/BW0.75, respectively. The net protein requirement for maintenance was estimated at 2.4 g/BW0.75. Creatinine excretion is not affected by feed restriction

Evaluation of an experimental rat model for comparative studies of bleaching agents

Dental materials in general are tested in different animal models prior to the clinical use in humans, except for bleaching agents. Objectives To evaluate an experimental rat model for comparative studies of bleaching agents, by investigating the influence of different concentrations and application times of H2O2 gel in the pulp tissue during in-office bleaching of rats’ vital teeth. Material and Methods The right and left maxillary molars of 50 Wistar rats were bleached with 20% and 35% H2O2 gels, respectively, for 5, 10, 15, 30, or 45 min (n=10 rats/group). Ten animals were untreated (control). The rats were killed after 2 or 30 days, and the maxillae were examined by light microscopy. Inflammation was evaluated through histomorphometric analysis with inflammatory cell count in the coronal and radicular thirds of the pulp. Fibroblasts were also counted. Scores were attributed to odontoblastic layer and vascular changes. Tertiary dentin area and pulp chamber central area were measured histomorphometrically. Data were compared by analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test (

Primary care and vaccination: challenges and contributions for the Brazilian population

The present research delimited as objective to carry out an investigation on the challenges encountered by Primary Health Care and its Contributions with regard to vaccination for the control and immunization of the population. It is essential to consider contemporary narratives - national and international - that orbit around the central axis “Primary care and vaccination”, which consisted of: immunization; population management; quality of life; contributions; challenges and vaccine coverage, in a timeline from 2019 to 2022. As challenges, we deal with disinformation, or even fake news, which confuse the population, leading them to disbelieve in the vaccine potential. Finally, we analyze what have been the main contributions of primary care to improve the implementation of vaccine management. We resort to portals such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health of Brazil and articles from the Vitrual Health Library to strengthen that, in Primary Health Care, vaccination services offer important evaluation indicators, which have been demonstrating, as over time, the contribution of vaccination actions to the health sector, characterizing them as one of the most rewarding, in view of the impact on disease control

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Influência da clareação dentária sobre o tecido pulpar de ratos diabéticos: aspectos histológicos e imunológicos

Objective: To evaluate the influence of dental bleaching on the pulp tissue of diabetic rats over the histological aspects and proinflammatory cytokines regulation. Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (N) normoglycemic; (NBle) normoglycemic-bleached, (D) diabetic, (DBle) diabeticbleached. Fourteen animals reveiced a 150mg/kg dose of alloxan for diabetes induction, via IM. After 3 days, all animals were anesthetized and the dental bleaching performed using 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel (Whiteness HP Maxx) in the right maxillary molars for 30 minutes. Left upper molars were used as control. Two and 30 days after the animals were euthanized, and the hemi-maxillae processed for histological and histochemistry analysis. Qualitative analyses were performed for inflammatory reaction and immunolabelling, and quantitative for pulp chamber area reduction and collagen fibers. The results were submitted to statistical analysis (p0.05). However, there was a significant difference when NBle and DBle groups were compared with regards to reduction of the pulp chamber area due the presence of reactionary dentin deposition (p0.05). Entretanto, houve diferença significante quando comparados os grupos NCla e DCla em relação à redução da área da câmara pulpar devido a deposição de dentina reacionária...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Osirix^TM as a feasible tool for in office manual hippocampal volumetry in the elderly: a technical note

INTRODUCTION: Manual tracing is an effective method to measure hippocampal volume. OsiriXTM is a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer with an intuitive user interface that has been widely used by radiologists and other specialists in their daily practice. OBJECTIVE: To describe OsiriXTM, a tool for in office manual measurement of hippocampal volume. METHODS: The open-source OsiriXTM viewer was used with three dimensions (3D) T1 weighted spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) sequence images, with 1 mm slice thickness and 0.1mm gap (voxel size 1 mm3). Magnetic Resonance Imagings (MRI) were obtained on a 1.5 T system. The entire procedure lasted less than 15 minutes for each hippocampus. CONCLUSION: OsiriXTM viewer is a feasible tool for in office manual hippocampal measurement. There is no standard hippocampal volume for Alzheimer's disease, thus comparison could be regarded as the rate of hippocampal atrophy over time, correlated with clinical evaluation and cognitive tests.</p

Root reconstructed with mineral trioxide aggregate and guided tissue regeneration in apical surgery: a 5-year follow-up

Apical surgery should be considered as the last treatment option and employed when conventional endodontic treatment does not provide the expected result. In teeth undergoing apical surgery, the type of retrograde filling material is one of the factors interfering with the repair of periapical tissues. The material in intimate contact with the periapical tissues plays a fundamental role in the repair process. Several materials have been studied and indicated for use in apical surgery procedures, but the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is still the most frequently used one. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) techniques have been proposed as an adjunct to apical surgery to enhance bone healing. Here is reported a clinical case in which apical surgery was performed in conjunction with MTA-based root reconstruction of the maxillary right second incisor. After the apical surgery, a root-end cavity was prepared at the vestibular face of the involved tooth and filled with MTA. A bovine bone graft and a cortical collagen membrane were placed on the bone defect. After 5 years, clinical and radiographic assessments showed that the treatment was successful. It may be concluded that MTA presents favorable characteristics in adverse conditions and can be used in conjunction with GTR in cases involving root reconstruction.A cirurgia apical deve ser considerada como a última opção de tratamento, e realizada quando o tratamento endodôntico convencional não proporciona o resultado esperado. Em dentes submetidos à cirurgia apical, o tipo de material retro-obturador é um dos fatores que interferem no reparo dos tecidos periapicais. O material em íntimo contato com os tecidos periapicais desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de reparo. Vários materiais têm sido estudados e indicados para o uso em procedimentos de cirurgias apicais, entretanto o agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) ainda é o mais frequentemente utilizado. A regeneração tecidual guiada (GTR) tem sido proposta como um auxiliar na cirurgia apical para melhorar a formação óssea. Aqui é relatado um caso clínico em que a cirurgia apical foi realizada em conjunto com a reconstrução radicular do incisivo lateral superior esquerdo com MTA. Após a cirurgia apical, foi preparada uma retro-cavidade na parede vestibular e o dente envolvido foi obturado com MTA. Um enxerto de osso bovino e uma membrana de colágeno cortical foram colocados no defeito ósseo. Após 5 anos, avaliações clínica e radiográfica mostram que o tratamento foi bem sucedido. Pode-se concluir que o MTA apresenta características favoráveis em condições adversas e que pode ser usado em conjunto com GTR em casos envolvendo reconstrução radicular.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP