Elaboración e implementación del plan de manejo de residuos sólidos de la fundación ecogarritas Socorro

La elaboración de un plan que permita el manejo adecuado de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) es primordial para la dispersión final, debido a la necesidad del cumplimiento de una normatividad, que se dirige a la implementación de procesos sostenibles. Su implementación permite minimizar el impacto al medio ambiente y asegura la salud de las personas, preserva el medio ambiente y es fundamental para un mejor uso de los recursos naturales. (Argentina.gob, s.f., párr.1) Por otra parte, a pesar de los esfuerzos desarrollados y las políticas implementadas para lograr una reducción significativa de los Residuos Sólidos Municipales (RSM), en América Latina y el Caribe no se encuentran muchos sistemas de aplicación a escala desarrollados por las ciudades o los municipios. (Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2009 como se citó en Espinosa, 2011, p.7) La fundación Ecogarritas es una entidad sin ánimo de lucro creada con la finalidad de dar ayuda a perros y gatos que se encuentran en las calles en abandono, y fue establecida legalmente para diciembre del año 2015. (Fundación Ecogarritas, 2015). A pesar de tan importante labor, la Fundación Ecogarritas, que se encuentra ubicada en el municipio de Socorro, Santander, actualmente no desarrolla de manera adecuada la gestión de sus residuos, esto debido a que no cuenta con un Plan de Manejo de Residuos Sólidos que le permita cumplir con estas actividades de forma apropiada. Para el desarrollo del plan se inició un proceso diagnóstico que permita identificar los factores que producen un impacto ambiental a causa de los desechos generados, para luego plantear estrategias que ayuden a mitigar la problemática que se presenta en la fundación, al no desarrollar actividades de disposición final de sus residuos de la forma establecida por la normatividad vigente. Adicionalmente, la generación de programas y estrategias se requiere de manera pronta debido a que la Fundación Ecogarritas han venido en crecimiento por el aumento de la población de gatos y perros que se encuentran en las calles de Socorro, Santander, lo cual representa un problema ambiental, que coloca en situación de riesgo a la población y los trabajadores de la entidad. Mediante la elaboración del PGIRS (Plan de Gestión Integral de los Residuos Sólidos) y en consideración de lo expuesto anteriormente, se debe resaltar que es importante la implementación de estos métodos no se lleva a cabo únicamente para cumplir con lo que se estableció, sino con el propósito de hacer un monitoreo continuo y un correcto seguimiento para que el plan sea más eficaz y eficiente, que contribuirá con una mejora en los procesos de disposición final de forma sostenible para un mejor manejo de estas actividades en la entidad.Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro - Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias AgropecuariasThrough the elaboration of the PGIRS (Integral Solid Waste Management Plan) and in consideration of the above, it should be noted that it is important that the implementation of these methods is not carried out only to comply with what was established, but with the purpose of continuous monitoring and correct follow-up so that the plan is more effective and efficient, which will contribute to an improvement in the final disposal processes in a sustainable manner for a better management of these activities in the entity

Nekazaritzako elikagai ekologikoen banaketa politika iraunkorra: adierazle sistema agroekologikoaren proposamen praktikoa

[EUS] Nekazaritza ekologikoko produktuen ekoizpena eta kontsumoa hazi egin da azken urteetan, etengabe eta modu garrantzitsuan. Kontsumitzaileen segmentu berriak sortu dira kezka berriekin: osasuna, ingurumena, bertako produktuak eta bertako ekonomia, … Horrek, lehen sektorearentzat aukera berriak ekarri ditu, nahiz eta ez duen marketina eta komertzializazio erabakien planifikazioa egiteko ohiturarik. Zentzu horretan, marketineko kudeaketarako interesgarriak izan daitezken ikuspegiak aztertzen ditugu lan honetan, ikuspegi holistiko-agroekologikoari arreta berezia zuzenduz, lehen sektorearen beharretara egokitzen delako. Horrez gain, eta nekazaritza ekologikoko produktuen banaketa politikak duen garrantzia azpimarratuz, adierazle sistema iraunkor bat proposatzen dugu, sektoreko erakundeen banaketa politikako erabaki iraunkorren gida gisa ulertuz eta euren kudeaketarako tresna lagungarria izan daitekeela irudiz. Ikerketaren logika eta helburuei jarraituz, adierazle sistema sortzeko landu dugun prozesu metodologiko parte-hartzailea eta egiaztatze prozesu praktikoa azalduko ditugu, baita bertan erabilitako teknikak eta emaitza bera ere, lau helburu, hamabi irizpide eta hogeita hamabost adierazle dituen sistema. Lana biribiltzeko proposamenaren inguruko eztabaida eta bere ekarpen teoriko eta praktikoak jasotzen ditugu.[EN] Production and consumption of organic farm food have continuously and significantly increased during last years. New consumer groups have emerged, inspired by new motivations: health, environment, local food and local economy. This context has created new options for farming activities, despite most of farmers are not used to planning of marketing decisions. The aim of this research is to analyze innovative approaches for marketing management, with special focus on the holistic-agroecological approach and its adaptation to farming activity. In addition, the relevance of organic food marketing policy management is highlighted and, as result, a sustainable indicator system is proposed. These indicators have been introduced as a guide for farms and organizations to help in the sustainable management of organic food marketing strategies. Following the logical and goals of the research, the design of the indicator system has been developed by a participatory process and it has been validated in practice. Used techniques and results are also showed: a system with four goals, twelve criteria and thirty five indicators. As conclusion, we expose the discussion on theoretical and practical proposals

Vibrio neptunius produces piscibactin and amphibactin and both siderophores contribute significantly to virulence for clams

Vibrio neptunius is an inhabitant of mollusc microbiota and an opportunistic pathogen causing disease outbreaks in marine bivalve mollusc species including oysters and clams. Virulence of mollusc pathogenic vibrios is mainly associated with the production of extracellular products. However, siderophore production is a common feature in pathogenic marine bacteria but its role in fitness and virulence of mollusc pathogens remains unknown. We previously found that V. neptunius produces amphibactin, one of the most abundant siderophores in marine microbes. In this work, synthesis of the siderophore piscibactin was identified as the second siderophore produced by V. neptunius. Single and double mutants in biosynthetic genes of each siderophore system, piscibactin and amphibactin, were constructed in V. neptunius and their role in growth ability and virulence was characterized. Although the High Pathogenicity Island encoding piscibactin is a major virulence factor in vibrios pathogenic for fish, the V. neptunius wild type did not cause mortality in turbot. The results showed that amphibactin contributes more than piscibactin to bacterial fitness in vitro. However, infection challenges showed that each siderophore system contributes equally to virulence for molluscs. The V. neptunius strain unable to produce any siderophore was severely impaired to cause vibriosis in clams. Although the inactivation of one of the two siderophore systems (either amphibactin or piscibactin) significantly reduced virulence compared to the wild type strain, the ability to produce both siderophores simultaneously maximised the degree of virulence. Evaluation of the gene expression pattern of each siderophore system showed that they are simultaneously expressed when V. neptunius is cultivated under low iron availability in vitro and ex vivo. Finally, the analysis of the distribution of siderophore systems in genomes of Vibrio spp. pathogenic for molluscs showed that the gene clusters encoding amphibactin and piscibactin are widespread in the Coralliilyticus clade. Thus, siderophore production would constitute a key virulence factor for bivalve molluscs pathogenic vibriosThis work was supported by grants AGL2017-86183-R (AEI/ FEDER, EU), RTI2018-093634-B-C21/C22 (AEI/FEDER, EU) and PID2019-103891RJ-100 (AEI) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain. AGL2017-86183-R and RTI2018- 093634-B-C21/C22 were co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union. Work in University of Santiago de Compostela was also supported by grants GRC2018/018 and 2021-CP112, and in University of A Coruña by grant GRC2018/ 039 from Xunta de Galicia (Spain). FG was financed with a fellowship ‘Programa de formación de recurso humano de alto nivel doctorado en el exterior’ granted by Colciencias and the government of Norte de Santander, Colombia. LA was financed with a fellowship (ED481A-2019/081) from Xunta de Galicia (Spain), co-financed by ESF (European Social Fund)S

Singular olive oils from a recently discovered Spanish North-Western cultivar: an exhaustive 3-year study of their chemical composition and in-vitro antidiabetic potential

In this work, the quality and physicochemical parameters, phenolic composition, and antidiabetic potential of olive oils obtained from olives belonging to centenarian olive trees of the so-called ‘Mansa de Figueiredo’ cultivar were evaluated during three consecutive crop seasons (2017–2019). The oils produced during the three crop years were classified as extra virgin based on the quality-related indices, sensory analysis, and the genuineness-related parameters. In addition, LC-ESI-TOF MS was used to get a comprehensive characterisation of the phenolic fraction while LC-ESI-IT MS was applied for quantitation purposes. The content of phenolic compounds (ranging from 1837 to 2434 mg/kg) was significantly affected by the harvest year due to the environmental conditions and ripening index. Furthermore, although significant differences in the inhibitory effects against the α-glucosidase enzyme for the EVOOs extracted throughout the three successive years were detected, all the studied EVOOs exhibited a stronger inhibitor effect than that found for acarbose.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-098633-B-I00FEDER/Junta de Andalucía | Ref. P20_00263FEDER/Junta de Andalucía | Ref. B-AGR-416-UGR18Ministerio de Universidades | Ref. FPU19/0070

Long-term assessment of wild boar harvesting and cattle removal for bovine tuberculosis control in free ranging populations

Wild boar is a recognized reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in the Mediterranean ecosystems, but information is scarce outside of hotspots in southern Spain. We describe the first high-prevalence focus of TB in a non-managed wild boar population in northern Spain and the result of eight years of TB management. Measures implemented for disease control included the control of the local wild boar population through culling and stamping out of a sympatric infected cattle herd. Post-mortem inspection for detection of tuberculosis-like lesions as well as cultures from selected head and cervical lymph nodes was done in 745 wild boar, 355 Iberian ibexes and five cattle between 2004 and 2012. The seasonal prevalence of TB reached 70% amongst adult wild boar and ten different spoligotypes and 13 MIRU-VNTR profiles were detected, although more than half of the isolates were included in the same clonal complex. Only 11% of infected boars had generalized lesions. None of the ibexes were affected, supporting their irrelevance in the epidemiology of TB. An infected cattle herd grazed the zone where 168 of the 197 infected boars were harvested. Cattle removal and wild boar culling together contributed to a decrease in TB prevalence. The need for holistic, sustained over time, intensive and adapted TB control strategies taking into account the multi-host nature of the disease is highlighted. The potential risk for tuberculosis emergence in wildlife scenarios where the risk is assumed to be low should be addressed

Cyclopalladated and cycloplatinated benzophenone imines: antitumor, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, DNA interaction and cathepsin B inhibition

The antitumor, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, DNA interaction and cathepsin B inhibition of cyclo-orthopalladated and -platinated compounds [Pd(C,N)]2(μ-X)2 [X = OAc (1), X = Cl (2)] and trans-N,P-[M(C,N)X(PPh3)] [M = Pd, X = OAc (3), M = Pd, X = Cl (4), M = Pt, X = Cl (5)] are discussed [(C,N)= cyclo-orthometallated benzophenone imine]. The cytotoxicity of compound 5 has been evaluated towards human breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and colon (HCT-116) cancer cell lines and that of compounds 1-4 towards the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line. These cytotoxicities have been compared with those previously reported for compounds 1-4 towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Compound 3 and 4 were approximately four times more active than cisplatin against the MDA-MB-231 andMCF-7 cancer cell lines, and compound 5, was approximately four times more potent than cisplatin against the HCT-116 cancer cell line. The antibacterial activity of compounds 1-5 was in between the ranges of activity of the commercial antibiotic compounds cefixime and roxithromycin. Complexes 1-2 and 4-5 presented also antioxidant activity. Compounds 1-5 alter the DNA tertiary structure in a similar way to cisplatin, but at higher concentration, and do not present a high efficiency as cathepsin B inhibitors. Compound 5 has not been previously described, and its preparation, characterization, and X-ray crystal structure are reported

A New Family of Doubly Cyclopalladated Diimines. A Remarkable Effect of the Linker between the Metalated Units on Their Cytotoxicity

The cyclopalladation of a series of symmetric diimines with the formula (RC6H4CHNZ)2, where Z = CH2 or (CH2)2OCH2 and R = p-Cl, p-OMe, p-NO2, and o-Cl, is described. Optimal conditions to obtain the dimetalated compounds were found to be palladium(II) acetate, in toluene, at 60 °C and with a reaction time of 2−4 h. The reactivity of the dimetalated compounds with monodentate, bidentate, and bis(monodentate) Lewis bases was also studied. The cytotoxic activity of some selected compounds was evaluated against a panel of adenocarcinoma cell lines (colon HCT116 and breast MCF7 and MDA-MB231). Compounds containing the fragment NCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2N exhibited a remarkable cytotoxic activity in the three cancer cells assayed, but complexes containing the NCH2CH2N fragment showed no activity. It seems that the length and flexibility of the central saturated chain in the imine molecule, as well as its lipophilicity and hydrophilicity, explain the different cytotoxicity of the two series of coordination compounds here reported

Aprendizaje basado en juegos online para la mejora de la adquisición de competencias en Patología Médica Bucal

Estamos viviendo una situación complicada debido a la pandemia por el COVID-19. Durante el presente curso académico parte de nuestras asignaturas han pasado de una docencia presencial a una docencia online, esto ha sucedido en la asignatura Patología Médica Bucal del grado en Odontología. Este paso de la presencialidad a la docencia online requiere de nuevas medidas de motivación para aumentar la adquisición de conocimientos y mantener el aprendizaje activo. El objetivo de este proyecto ha sido aplicar diferentes juegos online para mejorar el aprendizaje en Patología Médica Bucal y la transferencia de conocimiento entre alumnos y profesores

Corrigendum to 'Cyclopalladated and cycloplatinated benzophenone imines: Antitumor, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, DNA interaction and cathepsin B inhibition' [J. Inorg. Biochem. 140 (2014) 80-88]

The magnitudes of MIC for the antibacterial activity and of the IC50 for the antioxidant activity reported in μM are really mM. Thus, in page 84: 0.18-0.34 μM is 0.18-0.34 mM; in Tables 2 and 3: μM is mM; in page 85: 0.12 and 0.14 μM is 0.12 and 0.14 mM; and in page 87: 0.12-0.14 μM is 0.12-0.14 mM. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused

Long-Term Outcomes After Autologous Versus Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Molecularly-Stratified Patients With Intermediate Cytogenetic Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A PETHEMA Study

PETHEMA (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología) and GETH (Grupo Espa~nol de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular) Cooperative GroupsAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intermediate risk cytogenetics (IRcyto) comprises a variety of biological entities with distinct mutational landscapes that translate into differential risks of relapse and prognosis. Optimal postremission therapy choice in this heterogeneous patient population is currently unsettled. In the current study, we compared outcomes in IRcyto AML recipients of autologous (autoSCT) (n = 312) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) (n = 279) in first complete remission (CR1). Molecular risk was defined based on CEBPA, NPM1, and FLT3-ITD mutational status, per European LeukemiaNet 2017 criteria. Five-year overall survival (OS) in patients with favorable molecular risk (FRmol) was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50-72) after autoSCT and 66% (95% CI, 41-83) after matched sibling donor (MSD) alloSCT (P = .68). For patients of intermediate molecular risk (IRmol), MSD alloSCT was associated with lower cumulative incidence of relapse (P < .001), as well as with increased nonrelapse mortality (P = .01), as compared to autoSCT. The 5-year OS was 47% (95% CI, 34-58) after autoSCT and 70% (95% CI, 59-79) after MSD alloSCT (P = .02) in this patient subgroup. In a propensity-score matched IRmol subcohort (n = 106), MSD alloSCT was associated with superior leukemia-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33, P = .004) and increased OS in patients alive 1 year after transplantation (HR 0.20, P = .004). These results indicate that, within IRcyto AML in CR1, autoSCT may be a valid option for FRmol patients, whereas MSD alloSCT should be the preferred postremission strategy in IRmol patients.Supported by a Río Hortega academic clinical fellowship (CM19/00194) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (E.R.A.). Additional funding has been provided by CIBERONC grants to J.P.S. (CB16/12/00480), M.M.S. (CB16/12/00369) and B.V. (CB16/12/00233)