Oral Candidiasis in children and adolescents with cancer. Identification of Candida spp

Oral candidiasis represents a serious problem for children with cancer. The mortality rate of this infection has increased due to fungal septicemia, associated with a primary buccal infection. Objective: Identify the Candida spp. in buccal lesions of patients with cancer, establish the predominant species and correlate them to age and sex of the patient, clinical presentation, type of neoplasic disease and cytostatic therapy received. Study design: 62 patients, between 0-16 years, were investigated in a cross sectional study. Sample inclusion criteria: Patients with malignant neoplasic disease that were receiving cytostatic treatment and had suspicious lesions of oral candidiasis. Patients with antifungal therapy, active caries, calculus or intraoral appliances were excluded. A clinical evaluation was carried out. The lesion sample was taken and studied by direct exam and culture in CHROMagar-Candida and Sabouraud-Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol. The identification of the isolated yeast was done by the filamentation test, carbohydrate fermentation and assimilation. Results: Most of the cases (69.35%) were positive to oral candidiasis, C. albicans was the most frequent species found, followed by C. parapsilosis (14.89%), C. tropicalis (12.77%), C. krusei (4.26%), C. glabrata (2.13%) and C. lusitaniae (2.13 %). In some cases more than one specie were isolated (9.30%). The most frequent location of the lesion was in the tongue (72.70%). The pseudomembranous candidiasis was the most frequent clinical presentation found (78.71%). There were not significant statistically differences with regard to sex and age of the patient, type of neoplasic disease and cytostatic agent received. Conclusion: The results suggest that oral candidiasis is a frequent complication in the pediatric oncological population, being C. albicans the main etiological agent, however, there is an important participation of other Candida species

Reabsorción radicular en ortodoncia: revisión de la literatura

This article is a literature review about external root resorption and the biological and mechanical factors that predispose its appearance in orthodontic patients. Genetic, systemic and pharmacological factors, chronological and dental age, nutritional status, gender, race, habits, tooth morphology, size and number, resorptions and dental trauma previous to periapical infections, occlusal factors and specific vulnerability to resorption are described. Among mechanical factors, the type of appliances, the type of movement, duration of forces, and duration of treatment are included. Since external root resorption is considered an undesirable side effect associated with orthodontic movement, it is responsibility of the orthodontist to be aware of all these risk factors for external root resorption, for its timely prevention or interception.El presente artículo es una revisión de la literatura acerca de la reabsorción radicular externa y los factores biológicos y mecánicos que predisponen su aparición en pacientes bajo tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se describen factores genéticos, sistémicos y farmacológicos, las edades cronológica y dental, el estado nutricional, el género, la raza, los hábitos, la morfología, el tamaño y número dental, las reabsorciones y traumas dentales previos, las infecciones periapicales, los factores oclusales y la vulnerabilidad específica a la reabsorción. Entre los factores mecánicos se destacan el tipo de aparatología, el tipo de movimiento, la duración de fuerzas y la duración del tratamiento. Debido a que la reabsorción radicular externa es considerada un efecto colateral indeseable asociado a movimientos ortodónticos, es responsabilidad del ortodoncista conocer todos los factores de riesgo con el fin de prevenirla o interceptarla oportunamente

Reabsorción radicular en ortodoncia: revisión de la literatura

El presente artículo es una revisión de la literatura acerca de la reabsorción radicular externa y los factores biológicos y mecánicos que predisponen su aparición en pacientes bajo tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se describen factores genéticos, sistémicos y farmacológicos, las edades cronológica y dental, el estado nutricional, el género, la raza, los hábitos, la morfología, el tamaño y número dental, las reabsorciones y traumas dentales previos, las infecciones periapicales, los factores oclusales y la vulnerabilidad específica a la reabsorción. Entre los factores mecánicos se destacan el tipo de aparatología, el tipo de movimiento, la duración de fuerzas y la duración del tratamiento. Debido a que la reabsorción radicular externa es considerada un efecto colateral indeseable asociado a movimientos ortodónticos, es responsabilidad del ortodoncista conocer todos los factores de riesgo con el fin de prevenirla o interceptarla oportunamente.This article is a literature review about external root resorption and the biological and mechanical factors that predispose its appearance in orthodontic patients. Genetic, systemic and pharmacological factors, chronological and dental age, nutritional status, gender, race, habits, tooth morphology, size and number, resorptions and dental trauma previous to periapical infections, occlusal factors and specific vulnerability to resorption are described. Among mechanical factors, the type of appliances, the type of movement, duration of forces, and duration of treatment are included. Since external root resorption is considered an undesirable side effect associated with orthodontic movement, it is responsibility of the orthodontist to be aware of all these risk factors for external root resorption, for its timely prevention or interception

Reabsorción radicular en ortodoncia: revisión de la literatura

This article is a literature review about external root resorption and the biological and mechanical factors that predispose its appearance in orthodontic patients. Genetic, systemic and pharmacological factors, chronological and dental age, nutritional status, gender, race, habits, tooth morphology, size and number, resorptions and dental trauma previous to periapical infections, occlusal factors and specific vulnerability to resorption are described. Among mechanical factors, the type of appliances, the type of movement, duration of forces, and duration of treatment are included. Since external root resorption is considered an undesirable side effect associated with orthodontic movement, it is responsibility of the orthodontist to be aware of all these risk factors for external root resorption, for its timely prevention or interception.El presente artículo es una revisión de la literatura acerca de la reabsorción radicular externa y los factores biológicos y mecánicos que predisponen su aparición en pacientes bajo tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se describen factores genéticos, sistémicos y farmacológicos, las edades cronológica y dental, el estado nutricional, el género, la raza, los hábitos, la morfología, el tamaño y número dental, las reabsorciones y traumas dentales previos, las infecciones periapicales, los factores oclusales y la vulnerabilidad específica a la reabsorción. Entre los factores mecánicos se destacan el tipo de aparatología, el tipo de movimiento, la duración de fuerzas y la duración del tratamiento. Debido a que la reabsorción radicular externa es considerada un efecto colateral indeseable asociado a movimientos ortodónticos, es responsabilidad del ortodoncista conocer todos los factores de riesgo con el fin de prevenirla o interceptarla oportunamente

Prevalencia de Blastocystis sp. y otros protozoarios comensales en individuos de Santa Rosa de Agua, Maracaibo, estado Zulia

Resumen: Con la finalidad de determinar la prevalencia de Blastocystis sp. y especies de protozoarios comensales intestinales del hombre según diferentes aspectos como la edad y el sexo, se evaluaron muestras de heces de 111 individuos varones y mujeres de todas las edades, pobladores de Santa Rosa de Agua, Maracaibo, estado Zulia. Cada muestra fecal se analizó a través de un examen al fresco, tinción de lugol y técnica de concentración de Ritchie. Se utilizó la tinción de hematoxilina férrica para identificar trofozoitos de Dientamoeba fragilis. Las especies del complejo Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar se diferenciaron mediante técnicas de PCR. Blastocystis sp. fue la especie predominante (45,6%), seguida por Entamoeba coli (17,9%), Endolimax nana (14,8%), Chilomastix mesnili (6,2%), Entamoeba dispar (5,6%), Dientamoeba fragilis, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Iodamoeba butschlii (3,1%) respectivamente y Entamoeba hartmanni (0,6%). Hubo afinidad parasitaria entre las especies Entamoeba coli y Endolimax nana. No se demostró asociación entre presencia de infección y sexo. Los grupos etarios preescolares y escolares demostraron asociación significativa con la infección parasitaria. Se determinó una elevada prevalencia de Blastocystis sp. y especies comensales intestinales, todas indicadoras de contaminación fecal, donde probablemente factores ambientales y socioculturales promovieron su transmisión.Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and other commensal protozoa in individuals from Santa Rosa del Agua, Zulia State Abstract: With the purpose of determining Blastocytis sp. and other commensal intestinal protozoa species prevalence according to different aspects such as age and sex, we evaluated 111 feces samples from male and female individuals of all ages, living at Santa Rosa del Agua, Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela. Each fecal sample was analyzed fresh, stained with lugol, and by Ritchie’s concentration test. We used ferric hematoxilin stain to identify Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites. Species belonging to the Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar complex were differentiated through PCR techniques. Blastocytis sp. was the predominant species (45.6%), followed by Entamoeba coli (17.9%), Endolimax nana (14.8%), Chilomastix mesnili (6.2%), Entamoeba dispar (5.6%), Dientamoeba fragilis, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Iodamoeba butschlii (3.1%, respectively), and Entamoeba hartmanni (0.6%). There was parasitic affinity between the Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana species. There was no association between presence of infection and sex. Pre-school and school age groups showed a significant association with parasite infection. A high prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and intestinal commensal species was determined, all indicative of fecal contamination, where environmental and sociocultural factors probably promote transmission